英语考试笔译被动语态

1、.,1,被动语态的翻译,.,2,英语中被动语态使用广泛。凡是在不必要说出主动者，不愿说出主动者，无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合，往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。英语被动语态的句子，翻译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有一些可以保持被动语态。,.,3,一、译成汉语主动句,(一) 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally removed. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。 On their d

2、omestic stations, events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly. 在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一下。,.,4,(二) 原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战终了时，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 It would be aston

3、ishing if that loss were not keenly felt. 如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。,.,5,练习,The mobile phone boom is driven by the young adults. Promising young executives are more motivated by the prospect of challenge and responsibility. The ever-increasing demand for private cars could be halted by more investment i

4、n public transport.,.,6,(三) 采用状语作形式上的主语来翻译 Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI. 一战前好莱坞首次制作了电影。 In 1849 gold was discovered in California in the mountains near San Francisco and so started the famous Gold Rush. 1849年加州旧金山附近的山里发现了黄金，由此开始了有名的淘金热。,.,7,练习,1. The consumer spending was dampened

5、in the regional financial crisis in Asia. 2. The nations fervor for brand-name goods cant be quenched even in the economic recession in Japan.,.,8,(四) 常用被动语态句型的翻译 1不加主语 It is said/reported/supposed that据报道、据说、据推测 It must be admitted/pointed out that必须承认、必须指出 It is hoped that希望 It may be said without

6、 fear of exaggeration that 可以好不夸张地说 It will be seen from this that由此可见,.,9,2可加主语 It is asserted that有人主张 It is believed that有人相信（认为） It is generally considered that大家认为 It is well-known that大家知道、众所周知 It will be said that 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说,.,10,练习,1. It is believed that nuclear power is amo

7、ng the greatest innovations of our time. But it is also feared it will bring the end of the world. 2. Science is often referred to as a double-edged sword, increasing our wealth and comfort while leaving people in fear of potential dangers like human cloning.,.,11,3. It is commonly believed that hot

8、 climates reduce peoples energy and that people of the south walk and talk more slowly than the busy northerners. 4. The National Security Agency in US is accused of reading other peoples e-mails around the world in its search for military and commercial secrets.,.,12,二、译成汉语被动句,(一) 采用多种被动词 1) Our fo

9、reign policy is supported by people all over the world. 我国的外交政策受到了全世界人民的支持。 2) Americans prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. 3) A police court is presided over by a magistrate, who tries the cases without a jury.,.,13,4) I started to explain that I could not do my b

10、est since my spectacles had been taken away from me, but she wouldnt let me finish. 5) I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.,.,14,(二) 采用原主语，省略被动词 1) The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced. 2) Broadly speaking, human beings may be div

11、ided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.,.,15,In much of the world, authority is not challenged either out of respect or out of fear, sometimes, too because a hierarchy of rank has been fixed for so long that people hav

12、e been trained for generations never to challenge it. In such countries children are not expected to question their teachers in school, and brilliant young scholars or inventive industrial geniuses are hampered in technical research because they hesitate to disagree with their superiors.,.,16,Clever

13、 researchers may be considered too young to have any right to present findings that contradict knowledge and wisdom of their elders. However, the American is trained from childhood to question, analyze and search. Children will be told to go look things up for themselves. School tasks are designed t

14、o stimulate the use of a wide range of materials. Even in the primary grades, children are taught to use libraries, and to search for new ideas.,.,17,If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in o

15、ld age is rarely called untimely a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measures of that life was still to be taken.,.,18,History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and on