分子细胞与组织：固有结缔组织

1、Connective Tissue,CT,EP,features of connective tissue 1.cells： fewer many kinds nonplarity(无极性） 2.abundant intercellular matrix 3.no BM rich in BV, nerve fibers,components of CT,CT,cells,intercellular matrix,fibers（纤维）,ground substance（基质） ( different physical properties),fluid: blood solid /not cal

2、cified: cartilage hard calcified（钙化）: bone colloid: CT proper (固有CT),CT = cells+fibers+ground substance,Ep,CT,BV,CT components: Fibers in loose CT (spread 撕片）,Kinds（种类） and Origination（起源）,CT proper: 1. Loose CT 2. Dense CT 3. Reticular T 4. Adipose (fat) T Special CT: 5. Cartilage T 6. Osseous (bon

3、e) T 7. Blood Originated from mesenchyme（间充质）,Mesenchyme,mesenchymal cell differenciates into all connective cell and blood vessels,muscles,body cavities,间充质分化,Mesenchyme and mature CTmesenchyme,Loose CT Fixed cells and Wandering cells fibroblast, adipocyte, undifferentiated messechymal cell plasma

4、cell, macrophage, mast cell, leukocytes Fibers: collagen fiber, elastic fiber,reticular fiber Ground substance: proteoglycans（蛋白多糖） glycoprotein（糖蛋白） tissue fluid,Fibers & cells in Loose CT,Collagenous Fiber (胶原纤维） pink in HE section, white when fresh， 韧性强，稳定，牢固 collagen（胶原蛋白）种类： type I: dermis,bone

5、,capsule,tendons,ligaments type II: cartilages type III: reticular fiber(in liver,LO,kidney,uterus.) type IV: BM type V: skin, fetal tissue，placental（胎盘） tissue . . . “胶原病”， “疤痕体质”,胶原合成 （胞内阶段 、胞外阶段）,胶原合成 （胞外组装）,type I: (a1(I)2, a2 type II: (a1(II)3 type III: (a1(III)3 type IV: (a1(IV)3 type V: (a1(V

6、)3 type XI: aI(XI)a2(XI)a3(XI) type IX: aI(IX)a2(IX)a3(IX) type XII: a1(XII)3 type XVI: a1(XVI)3 type VII: a1(VII)3,胶原分类 （a 肽链）,Mesentrey spread under polaring M bundles of collagen F/ thin elastic F,young rat mesentrey spread perapation,Elastic fiber light pink in HE, yellow when fresh one fiber: a

7、 bundle of microfibrils (微原纤维）： fibrillin（原纤维蛋白）-resistance up to 6 X steel depsitions of much elastins（弹性蛋白）- elasticity up to 300 x,弹性组织 (rich in elastin),Reticular fiber Type III collagen coated by proteoglycans inconspicuous in HE affinitive to silver salt (Argyrophilic fibers 嗜银纤维),Ground Subst

8、ance (基质） in mouse endometrium（子宫内膜） under EM A network of proteoglycans fills the intercellular spaces.,Ground substance,A complex molecular mixture proteoglycans（蛋白多糖）： 蛋白质+糖胺多糖（ glycosaminoglycans GAGs） glycoprotein（糖蛋白） LM: colourless and transparent EM: Granular particles Acts as : lubricant ba

9、rrier,Hyaluronic acid(HA): （透明质酸）the longest, 2.5u Chondroitin sulfate （硫酸软骨素）A /C Dermatan sulfate(chondroitin sulfate B) 硫酸角质素 Heparin （肝素) sulfate,GAGs (糖胺多糖) (rich in -NH2 and -SO4),Molecular sieve (分子筛）,Fibron (FN) 纤维粘连蛋白 Laminin(LN) 层粘连蛋白 Chondronectin(CN) 软骨粘连蛋白,Important glycoproteins in mat

10、rix,cell recognition， cell adhesion cell proliferation， cell differentiation cell migration， tisure organization,Cells,Fibroblast 成纤维细胞 Plasma cell 浆细胞 Macrophage 巨噬细胞 Mast cell 肥大细胞 Adipocyte 脂肪细胞 Leukocytes 白细胞 Undifferentiated messechymal cell 未分化间质质细胞,Fibroblast active(fibroblast)/quiescent(fibr

11、ocyte) Fibroblast: LM: large long ovoidal processes basophilic cytoplasm EM: rich in RER a large developed Golgi complex produce fibers and ground substances -a typical protein synthesizing cell Fibrocyte: small, thin spindle, little acidophilic cytoplasm can be activated repeatedly,Scar (疤痕）tissue

12、Normal tissue,*Macrophage,How to describe a cell?,1. 起源、种类、分布、数量、排列 2. 光镜：大小、形状， 细胞质：量，染色特征、内容物 细胞核：数量、大小、形状、位置 染色质、核仁、核膜 3.电镜：与功能密切相关的特征性结构 4.功能,Macrophage structure 1. origin: derived from monocyte much in LO, Liver, inflammatory sites kinds: constitute mononuclear phagocyte （单核吞噬细胞）system 2. larg

13、e irregular 3. big acidophilic cytoplasm (small N/P ratio 核浆比例) 4. nucleus: one small eccentrical （核偏位） kidney shape（肾型） fine filamentous chromatin inconspicuouse nucleolemma and nucleolus,Macrophage (EM) 1. pseudopodia（伪足） and protrusions（突起） 2. developed MF/MT/IF (cytoskeleton 细胞骨架) 3.phagocytic g

14、ranule (pinocytic vescicle/ phagosome) 4.Lysosomes (primary/ secondary/ residual body）,Macrophages function,1.Migration: ameboid movement, chemotaxis （化学趋化性） 2.Pahgocytosis:recognition, adhesion, engulfing, digestion 3.Secretion :(50 bioactive molecules) IL-1 （白介素1） -stimulating Lc Interferon （干扰素）

15、-antivirus,antitumour TNF（肿瘤坏死因子） -inflamation PGF（血小板生长因子） -growth factor proteinases（蛋白酶） -inflamation and remodeling 4.Immune reaction: initiates immune reaction antigen-presenting (递呈抗原）,Plasma cell,Plasma cell -(protein-synthesisizing) Originated from B lymphocte Much in mucosa(黏膜）,chronic infl

16、ammatory site (esp. in polypus 息肉) basophilic a pale stained area （浅染区) near nulceus eccentrical nucleus:（核偏位） Rich in RER Big Golgi complex Chromatin: wheel-like nucleus（车轮状核） Function : secrete immunoglobulin,Mast cell,Mast cell (肥大细胞） Location: near small blood vessels Large ovoid, small neucleus

17、, IgE-receptors Granules abundant , rough , membrane coated, heterogeneous(不均一）, basophilic, water soluble, metachromatic（异染性） contain:-in granules vasoactive subtances 、inflamative mediators（介质） histamine（组胺）, E-chemotactors（嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子） heparin（肝素） proteases (chymase糜- ，tryptase 胰-）, TNFa, ILs -out

18、 of granules PGd2, leukotriene（白三烯）-C4(SRS),Mast cell function: allergic/inflammative function bridge coupling (桥联作用） 1 Ag to 2 IgE-R leads to degranulation and synthesise of mediators smooth muscle constraction blood vessel dilation and more permeable leukocytes migrating Allergic Reactions and inflamations Asthma,Hives, Drug rash, Allergic shock,intestinal cramps（肠痉挛）,脂肪细胞 和 脂肪组织,Still exist in mature tissue Usually attached to small blood vessels appear a