带电粒子在非均匀电磁场中的运动

1、带电粒子在非均匀电磁场中的运动 带电粒子在非均匀电磁场中的运动 摘要：本文在熟知的均匀恒定磁场解的基础上,忽略相对论效应讨论外磁场随空间变化的情形下,单个带电粒子在非均匀磁场作用下的运动形式,并求出0阶、1阶、2阶运动方程,分别得出0阶近似解、1阶近似解、2阶近似解，画出2阶近似下粒子的运动图形。由于磁场随时空变化10分缓慢且无电场，所以将磁场的非均匀非恒定部分作为均匀、恒定磁场的小扰动来处理。均匀、恒定解作为0阶解代入1阶近似运动方程，使之线性化，求出1阶近似解，同理将1阶解代入2阶近似运动方程，使其线性化，求出2阶近似解。本文着重引入漂移这个概念借以说明带电粒子在非均匀磁场的基本

2、特征及研究方法。通过分析比较1阶近似解与0阶近似解；2阶近似解与1阶近似解，得出由于1阶近似而引起粒子在与磁场方向以及磁场横向梯度方向垂直的方向发生漂移；由于2阶近似使得粒子在xy平面内做1w、w、w、w、w叠加的匀速圆周运动。关键词：带电粒子；2阶近似；弱非均匀磁场；漂移the motion of charged particle in inhomogeneous electroma-gnetic field abstract: the article, neglecting relative effect, discuss the motion of a charged part

3、icles form of movement in inhomogeneous magnetic field which varies with the spatial coordinate as the solution of even constant magnetic field is well known. the motion equation of zero, first, second order is found to obtain approximate solution and to draw the l graph of motion. as the magnetic f

4、ield varies extremely slowly with the space and time changing and it is discussed without electric field, the inhomogeneous non-constant part of the magnetic field is processed as small perturbation in even constant magnetic field. the solution of zero order is taken into the first order approximate

5、 of equation of motion. then we make the equation linearization to get the solution of first order. so is way to obtain the solution of second order. the article emphatically introduces the concept of drifting to interpret the elementary characteristic and research technique of the charged particle

6、in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. the conclusion is drawn through analyze and comparison between the solutions of zero and first order, second and first order that the particle drifts in the vertical direction of the magnetic field and its crosswise gradient in the approximation of first order. w

7、hile the particle makes superimposed circle movement of uniform velocity in the approximation of second order.key words：charged particle; second order approximate; weak inhomogeneous magnetic field; drifting目录中文摘要1前言11电力系统谐波 11.1 电力系统谐波的基本概念11.2 电力系统谐波的危害 21.3 电力系统谐波的管理和监测 22  非正弦条件下功率的基本要求和分类

8、33  传统正弦条件下功率的基本定义及其特点 44  非正弦条件下现有的各种功率定义 54.1 c.budeanu提出的功率定义 64.2 s.fryze提出的功率定义 64.3 n.l.kusters和j.m.moore提出的功率定义 74.4 w.shepherd 和 p.zakihani提出的功率定义94.5 sharon提出的功率定义 104.6 l.s.czarnecki提出的功率定义114.7 ieee谐波工作小组对无功功率定义的建议 124.8 国家标准135  现有功率理论的分析比较 135.1 c.budeanu 功率定义中的不足 135.2 现有功率理论的共同特点正交分解 146  适用于非正弦条件下功率计量理论 157  功率测量 178  谐波造成的功率测量误差分析 188.1 视在功率测量误差分析 1