Jane Austen’s Art of Satire Satire Employed in Characterization and Structure in Pride and Prejudice

1、简奥斯丁的讽刺艺术-讽刺在小说傲慢与偏见的人物性格和结构中的运用jane austens art of satire- satire employed in characterization and structure in pride and prejudicecontentsabstract.1key words.1i. introduction.21.1 the general comment on jane austen21.2 jane austen and her works.2ii. the historical and social background.3iii. the r

2、easons of pride and prejudice is different from the general prevalent fiction at her times.43.1 the origin of jane austens creation.43.2 the characteristics of jane austens writing.43.3 pride and prejudice and its features.5iv. satire employed in characterization in pride and prejudice.64.1 jane aus

3、tens satire on flat characters.64.2 jane austens satire on round characters.84.3 jane austens satire on the language and intonation10v. satire employed in structure in pride and prejudice.115.1 jane austen makes the satire keynote in the very beginning of the novel.125.2 jane austens satire runs thr

4、ough the whole story12vi. the profound intension of austens satire keynote.13vii. conclusion14references15jane austens art of satire-satire employed in characterization and structure in pride and prejudice摘要：在简奥斯丁的作品中,傲慢与偏见是最受公众喜爱的,属于作者的前期作品。与作者的其他五部小说一样，傲慢与偏见以男女青年的恋爱婚姻为题材，以男女主人公的爱情纠葛为主线，描写了四起姻缘，情节起

5、伏曲折， 故事饶有趣味，通篇充满了机智与幽默，是简奥斯丁最富于喜剧和反讽色彩，也是最引人入胜的一部佳作。简奥斯丁是一个擅长刻画人物的作家，她以十分逼真的白描手法刻画了一些普普通通，而非出类拔萃的人。他们通过极其普通的谈话和行为举止把自己完全地呈现出来。简奥斯丁的沉静和自制，以及绝妙地用平静的言词去表达她平静的内容，较之于那些热情洋溢、言辞滔滔不绝的伟大作家，同样显示出她的创作天才。简奥斯丁的“两寸象牙”的容量之大让人钦佩。虽然傲慢与偏见没有写历史事件，可是通篇却不露痕迹地透露了当时历史社会的气息，而它所揭露的各种社会关系仍然值得今天的读者深思。所以，无论岁月如何变迁，简奥斯丁对现实主义文学的贡

6、献都不会被人们遗忘，历史将永远记载着简奥斯丁写下的光辉一页！关键词： 简奥斯丁 讽刺 傲慢与偏见 人物性格 结构abstract: of austens works, pride and prejudice is the most liked by the public, which belongs to the authors early works. like other five novels of the author, pride and prejudice deals with love and marriage between young men and women as the

7、 subject matter, takes the protagonists of men and womens love entanglement as the thread, and describes four cases of the happy fate which brought lovers together. the plot undulates twists; the story is rich and interesting, the wisdom and humor filling in the whole text. it is the most imbued wit

8、h comedy and satire of austen, is the most fascinating writing too. austen is a writer who is good at portraying personages; she portrays some ordinarily but not transcendent person with very lifelike tactics of drawing in brush style. through extremely ordinary talk and behavior, they come out to c

9、omplete and unanimous themselves. calmness and self-control of austen, and expresses her calm content with the calm words splendidly, compares those ardent great writers with expansive words, demonstrates her creation talent too. the capacity of “two inches of ivory” of austen was admired by people

10、deeply. pride and prejudice is not written about historical incidents, and afforded to betray nothing in expression and movements in the whole text, but various kinds of social relationships it revealed still deserve readers to think deeply. so, no matter how many years are, the contribution of aust

11、en to realistic literature will not be forgotten by people, history will record what has been written by austen forever!key words: jane austen satire pride and prejudice characterization structurejane austens art of satire-satire employed in characterization and structure in pride and prejudicei. in

12、troduction1.1 the general comment on jane austenfamous literature and art reviewer edmund wilson in u.s.a. has talked about: “since more than 100 years, britain took place several interesting revolutions, interesting of literature influenced nearly all popularity of writers, only shakespeare and jan

13、e austen are prolonged.” it is obvious, through the appreciation of readers and the critics qualification nearly 200 years; jane austen has been a generally acknowledged author of classic.virginia woolf once pointed out “among all great writers, jane austen is the most difficult to hold her great.”

14、this has been approved by a lot of critics. on the early literary circles of the 19th century, she was one of the most dazzling stars. the change of the style has never damaged a little reputation of her. since the 20th century, her works attracted the attention of more and more persons. her works a

15、re translated into 7 kinds of languages even more and are widely read by people all over the world. among them pride and prejudice is the most welcomed by people, it is translated into 25 kinds of languages at least.as a great novelist, it is not by seeking from some common subject matters and the p

16、revailing novels that jane austen succeeded. she insists on setting up her own creation on the foundation of knowledge of life. there is no dark passway; there is no secret interior yard; there is no dagger bleeding. in her novels, the stories all happened in the quiet and happy and auspicious briti

17、sh countryside. the plot of the stories is about the love and marriage of people of the middle class that she lived. works describes the changes of the life of british squires and the pictures of the psychological conditions after the capitalist relationship permeated small towns. the plots and scen

18、es in the works of austen are all weighed carefully. she portrays incident and personage remarkably true to life and exquisitely carved with detailed style of writing. acrimonious comment and ingenious dialogues show her ingenuity. so its necessary to know some about her life.1.2 jane austen and her

19、 worksjane austen was born on december 16, 1775, at steventon, a small mountain village of hampshire of britain. her father was a local parochial pastor, and always encouraged children to study writing. so, under her fathers influence, while austen stills a young girl, she had experimented with vari

20、ous styles of writing. and when she completed pride and prejudice at the age of twenty-two, it is clear that she had found her appropriate form. this novel was followed a year later by northanger abbey, a satire on the gothic romances then in vogue; and in 1809 she finished sense and sensibility, be

21、gun a dozen years before. so far she had not succeeded in having any of her works printed, but in 1811 sense and sensibility appeared in london and won enough recognition to make easy the publication of the others. but all of her novels are published anonymously. until 1877 she passed away, two year

22、s later, people did not begin to understand the true life of this great writer.ii. the historical and social backgroundjane austen lives in an extremely unusual era. there are a lot of wars in europe during this time, such as the war of 20 solid years of britain, republic of france and napoleon king

23、dom. but readers can not take the smell of gunpowder in her works, can not hear a sound of guns, and can not see the shade of one historical personage too. napoleons army is moving freely and quickly in europe, but she has a group of squires and fair maidens only in the works -the rumor that they ta

24、lk and laugh leisurely and care freely, live in a world that has nothing to do with this. jane austen knows her merits and weakness very well, she only takes rural life that she is familiar with as the background: the daily life, family, love, marriage between rural gentleman and fair maidens are th

25、e centre of her writing all the time. she writes the sharp assurance of the big subject matter, the great scene, and daily life, human feelings of affair, psychology slight to insight, ridicule and ridiculing to human natures weakness that forms her unique novel style. for this, she had said: “the t

26、hree, four squires family is the things that i will write.” indeed, her novel world is a small world of british squires. however, her description is based on human knowledge of careful consideration to this world, so have general meanings. that is to say, the men and women in her works are not merel

27、y true at her times, but true at any age. a symmetrical plot provides insight into both the foibles and the warmth of human nature. pride and prejudice is a perceptive examination of the relationship between the classes in britain with middle class, upwardly mobile aspirations to progress rubbing ag

28、ainst upper class efforts to keep them “in their place.” austens adroit depiction of the plight of women in pre-victorian europe also shows her superlative insight into her own world. and this insight is skillfully mirrored through one of the most intriguing and admired heroines of english novels.su

29、ccess of pride and prejudice should owe the credit to authors abundant, natural, skillful technique of expression of comedy at first, which different from a lot of works pursuing the laughing stock sedulously, pride and prejudice is never praise and show off profoundly and play for the gallery, resu

30、lt of comedy works not only gives readers convulsed with laugh definitely, but implicit, meaningful, knowing smile. she describes real comedy intension in ordinary life, makes readers comprehend calm, profound aesthetic temperament after smiling in relaxed happy reading. a more estimable one is, pri

31、de and prejudice does not have specific personages, comedy color of the scene and language only definitely, but conceive to permeate authors humorous, wise and farsighted comedy style in the whole structure, plot and expression ways.the author fixes the comedy fundamental in the beginning of the nov

32、el: it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. an ordinary knowledge of life adds a sentence of seemingly serious conclusions: it is a truth universally acknowledged. the contrast sentence, contradiction of type collocate, sets

33、 off strong comedy color by contrast immediately, attracted readers deeply, makes people cannot help smiling , readers are so fond that will not let out of their hands.iii. the reasons of pride and prejudice is different from the general prevalent fiction at her times3.1 the origin of jane austens c

34、reationwe know that jane austens life is calm, has nothing to compete with others, and remains in obscurity all her life. except her writing career, we cant find her life story again. her novels are deeply fond by the local farmers, pastors and their wives and children. because her works reflected t

35、he things that they are familiar with, except involving london occasionally, bath (a city in the southwest of britain) and outside the seashore. all these are stemming from her own experience of life and observation directly.3.2 the characteristics of jane austens writingthough some people, who crit

36、icize her works lack of inflexible and stiff, only confine to her class category, reflect her narrow literature vision. but for over 200 years, jane austens works have earned very high reputation for her. her unique ability is suitable for the subject matters selected by it. her works mainly are com

37、edy, she shows her superb drama genius by the feeling of human natural instinct, reflects on the description of personages characteristics, and the assurance of view and the use of satiric intonation. yes, the satiric talent of austen is difficult to imitate. her six novels go beyond further than ot

38、her prevailing novels. the depth of her thought, the strength of her art has attracted generation upon generation of readers attention and enthusiasm. at the same time all of her achievement belongs to a reason: satirizing as the homophony through the whole work, it is the quintessence of austens co

39、medy world.jane austen is a satiric artistic in the literary circle. according to the strong sensitivity to art, she practices western traditional literature satire, and develops it into a ripe satiric art at the same time. in her works, satire is not only embodied through the intonation and satire

40、but through describing personages characteristics; not only reflects on the arrangement of some other scenes and plots, but reflects on the structure of the whole story. the satire is a satisfactory way in which austen used for obtaining knowledge and appraising human life. meanwhile, satire is the

41、main mediation and style of her works.the uniform quality of her work is one most remarkable point to be observed in it. let a volume be opened at any place: there is the same good english, the same refined style, the same simplicity and truth. there is never any deviation into the unnatural or exag

42、gerated; and how worthy of all love and respect is the finely disciplined genius which rejects the forcible but transient modes of stimulating interest which could so easily be employed when desired, and which knows how to trust to the never-failing principles of human nature! this very trust has so

43、metimes been made an objection to miss austen, and she has been accused of writing dull stories about ordinary people. but she supposes ordinary people are really not such very ordinary people. let anyone who is inclined to criticize on this score endeavor to construct one character from among the o

44、rdinary people of his own acquaintance that shall be capable of interesting any readers for ten minutes. it would then be found how great the discrimination of miss austen in the selection of her characters, and how skillful her treatment in the management of them. it is true that the events are the

45、 most parts of daily life, and the feelings are connected with the usual joys and grieves of familiar existence; but these are events and feelings upon which the happiness or misery of most of us depended; and the field which embraced them, to the exclusion of the wonderful, the sentimental, and the

46、 historical, is surely large enough, as it certainly admits the most profitable cultivation. in the end, too, the novel of daily real life is that of which at least apt to weary: a round of fancy balls would tire the most vigorous admirers of variety in costume, and the return to plain clothes would

47、 be hailed with greater delight than their occasional relinquishment ever given. miss austens personages are always in plain clothes, but no two suits are alike: all are worn with their appropriate differences and under all human thoughts and feelings are at work.3.3 pride and prejudice and its feat

48、urespride and prejudice is the most perfect art that austen uses satire extensively. readers, often conquered by her superb intelligence, glamour of art, graceful style, humorous and unique language characteristic. in a word, fine and smooth satire art made it become a masterpiece. her outstanding s

49、atire art in this work will now discuss.in fact, the plots of this work are uncomplicated. it is mainly about what happened to elizabeth, a lovely young woman of middle class, with darcy, a rich but very arrogant upper class young man, who becomes her pursuit later, it is the main plot of the story

50、that a series of misunderstandings between them.not with standing a certain reticence and self control which seem to belong to their age, and with all their quaint dresses, and ceremonies, and manners, the ladies and gentlemen in pride and prejudice and its companion novels seem like living people o

51、ut of our own acquaintance transports bodily into a bygone age, represents in the half-dozen books that contained jane austens works. dear books! bright, sparkling with wit and animation, in which the heroines charming, the dull hours flied, and the very bores are enchanted.iv. satire employed in ch

52、aracterization in pride and prejudicethe successful place of the novel is that it portrays personages personality characteristics and satire employed in the whole structure. since jane austens superb skill in personages personality characteristics, then, lets see her satire art in portraying persona

53、ges personality characteristic at first. austen art of portraying personages personality characteristic can be divided into two kinds: flat characters and round characters. 4.1 jane austens satire on flat charactersflat characters mean those less important roles describe without thick colors, they a

54、re often some simple ones, who are mocked by the author directly.these personages can be divided into three kinds: the first kind, people who totally lack of makings, such as mrs. bennet; the second kind, people who lack of the makings as well as ethics, such as mr. collins; the third kind, people w

55、ho lack of makings and morals seriously, such as wilkham,etc. among these three kinds of personages, first two kinds are the most common in her works. to these personages, its better for austen to satirize than mock. while portraying these personages, she combines satirizing with true description to

56、gether. first of all, she “clearly, afforded to satirize, as emphasized the eyebrow of the nose of a cartoon.” she then lets these personages come to appear in different occasions to verify her description. using the overstating of the caricature type, the author fully uses various kinds of satire a

57、rts. it is the most vivid and detailed that the point is embodied on mrs. bennet. in chapter one of the novels, austen has done the comment of the following on her:she was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. when she was discontented she fancied herself nervous.

58、the business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. pride and prejudice; 3comments of this section are satirized very much. but austen is not painstaking and exaggerates. in the previous and following chapters, mrs. bennet has verified this kind of comment in every scenes, indicates how intension and foolishness is she. f