教师版动词时态

1、动词时态内容基本要求动词时态一、了解动词的各种时态二、熟练掌握初中阶段常用八种时态三、时态中需注意的一些问题各类时态的时间状语及正确划分知识讲解英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。初中英语时态中常用的有8 种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。时态种类结构现在过去将来过去将来一般时态动词原形和三单形式（be和have例外）动词的过去式shall/will加动词原形should/would加动词原形进行时态am/is/are加现在分词was/

2、were加动词分词shall/will be加现在分词should/would be doing加现在分词完成时态have/has加过去分词had加过去分词shall/will have加过去分词should/would have 加过去分词完成进行时态have/has been加现在分词had been加现在分词Shall/will have加现在分词should/would have加现在分词练习 要求学生完成以study为例子的各种时态的结构。我们将从“用法 结构、和标志（时间状语）”三个方面来对时态进行全面的学习。为了方便大家辨别和记忆，各个时态的结构我们用表格集中表示，而用法和时间状

3、语则分别进行讲述。（一）一般现在时1.用法：一般现在时的基本用法有四种。 (1) 表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。如Mr. Green has two children. I like Chinese food.(2)表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态，如I usually rest on Sundays. Mr. Brown always gets up early. LiLei goes to see Uncle Wang once a month. (3)表示客观事实和普遍真理，如It never snows in Australia in December. Light t

4、ravels faster than sound.（4）在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如If you dont go soon, youll be late.2.结构：肯定句：一般现在时的结构在一般情况下用动词原形，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式。Miss Gao teaches us English. 否定句和一般疑问句要加助动词do 或does。否定句：Miss Gao does not teach us English. 一般疑问句： Does your mother work in a factory?3.标志：一般现在时常与下列表示频率的

5、副词或短语连用：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly，never, twice a week, on Sundays等。【巩固】1）Hurry up and the last flight _ at 23.59 on Sunday .A. is going to start B. will start C. is to start D. starts2）Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we m

6、et no storms.A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 【演练】1.Linda, make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.A. be setB. setC. are setD. are setting2.In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the r sounds at the end of the words _.A. are droppedB. dropC. are being

7、droppedD. have dropped3.I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it.A. will doB. doC. am doingD. had done4.The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now.A. remainsB. is remainedC. is remainingD. has been remained5.Ev

8、ery few years, the coal workers _ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had6.-Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?-Terry? Never! She _ tents and fresh air.A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates7.My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born ther

9、e and have never lived anywhere else.A. liveB. livedC. were livingD. will live8.Do you have any problems if you _ this job?Well, Im thinking about the salaryA. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered9.Where did you put the car keys? Oh, I_ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as

10、 I _ in.A. remembered; comeB. remembered; was comingC. remember; comeD. remember; was coming10.The house belongs to my aunt but she_ here anymore.A. hasnt livedB. didnt liveC. hadnt livedD. doesnt live（二）一般过去时1.用法：（1） 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例：Where did you go just now?（2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例：When

11、I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.2.结构：肯定句：动词的过去式，不规则动词过去式要牢记。Miss Gao taught us English three years ago .其否定式、疑问式要加助动词did。否定句： Miss Gao did not teach us English three years ago. 一般疑问句：Did your mother wor

12、k in a factory last year? 3.标志：明显的过去时间如just now, yesterday, last week/ month/summer/year, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。【真题链接】Paul and I _ tennis yesterday. He did much better than I.（2011中考题）A. playB. will playC. playedD. are playing【演练】1）Mary _ three foreign languages when she was at colle

13、ge.A. was learningB. learnedC. would learn D. had learned2）-Oh, its you! I _you.-Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize3)Come on Peter. I want to show you something.-Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me

14、 a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didnt think; were going D. hadnt thought; were going 【演练】1.Excuse me. I_I was blocking your way.A. didnt realizeB. dont realizeC. havent realizedD. wasnt realizing2.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _.A. was busyB. is busyC.

15、had been busyD. will be busy3.This coastal area _a national wildlife reserve last year.A. was named B. namedC. is namedD. names4.Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.A. will expectB. will be expectedC. expectedD. were expected5.The book has been translated into t

16、hirty languages since it _ on the market in 1973.A. had comeB. has comeC. cameD. comes6.The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the serviceA. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated7.I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _.A. was happen

17、ingB. happenedC. happensD. has happened8.Edward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano.A. didnt knowB. hadnt knownC. dont knowD. havent known9.-Ann is in hospital.-Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her.A. didnt; am going toB. dont; wouldC. dont; willD. didnt; will 10.What do you think

18、of the movie?Its fantastic. The only pity is that I _ the beginning.A. missedB. had missedC. missD. would miss（三）一般将来时1.用法：一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态. 如Mr Wu will teach us English this term.2.结构：肯定句： （1） will+ do （第一人称可以用shall 替代）表意愿和客观将来。Will you be free tomorrow?（2） be going to do表示即将发生某事或打算计划要做某事

19、。Im going to do my homework this evening. （3） be +to do表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.（4） be about to +to do，意为马上做某事。例：He is about to leave for Beijing.否定句：助动词will、shall 或be动词后加not 一般疑问句：助动词will、shall 或be动词放在句首3.标志：tomorrow, tomorrow/morning/afternoon/evening/ next we

20、ek/month/year，in 2020，in two weeks等。注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。【演练】1.If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increaseB. have been increasingC. have increasedD. would be increasing2.No decision _about any future appointment until all the c

21、andidates have been interviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. has been made3.How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do for you.A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see4._ leave at the end of this month.I dont think you should do that until _

22、 another job.A. Im going to; youd foundB. Im going to; youve foundC. Ill; youd findD. Ill; youd find5.I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _ home for dinner.A. comeB. comesC. has comeD. will come（四）现在进行时1.用法：（1） 表示现在( 指说

23、话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例：We are waiting for you.（2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.2.结构：肯定句：am /is /are + doing 否定句： am /is /are + not + doing. 一般疑问句：Is /Are +doing 3.标志：at present (写作中高级词汇)，now, at this time, these

24、 days, look, listen, can you see? Cant you see? 之类的暗示语【真题链接】Wheres Tom? His mother _ him now. （2011中考题）A. is looking for B. will look for C. has looked forD. looks forWhats your father doing now? He _ the room（2010中考题）A. cleaned B. cleans C. has cleaned D. is cleaning【巩固】1)I_ an article about the de

25、velopment of education in these days, but I havent finished it.A.write B.am writing C. have written D. was writing2)Its not an easy task to choose a mobile phone at present because science and technology _ so fast.A.develops B. is developing C.has developed D. is going to develop3)The shop_, so all

26、the T-shirts are sold at half prices. A.shut off B. is shutting off C.has shut off D. were shutting off 【演练】1.Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends _ for us.A. will waitB. waitC. have waitedD. are waiting2.It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area.A. are bei

27、ng builtB. were being builtC. was being builtD. is being built3.Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibitingB. is exhibitingC. are being exhibitedD. is being exhibited4.The church tower which _ will be open to tourists so

28、on. The work is almost finished.A. has restoredB. has been restoredC. is restoringD. is being restored5.Would you please keep silent? The weather report _ and I want to listen.A. is broadcastB. is being broadcastC. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast6.Why dont we choose that road to save time?Th

29、e bridge to it _.A. has repairedB. is repaired C. is being repairedD. will be repaired7.Have you got any job offers?No. I _.A. waitedB. had been waitingC. have waitedD. am waiting8.Do you think we should accept that offer?Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _ out.A. have had;

30、 is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; has been run9.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _.A. takes offB. is taking offC. has taken offD. took off（五）过去进行时1.用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用表示过去时间的状语来表示。At this moment yesterday, I was

31、 packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2.结构：肯定句：was/ were + doing 否定句：was /were + not + doing 一般疑问句： was/were+doing3.标志：at eight last night，At this moment yesterday When I came to see her last time【真题链接】- What were you doing this time yesterday? （2011中考题）- I _ on the grass and drawing a picture.A. sitB

32、. satC. am sitting D. was sittingIt _ heavily when I left the cinema.A. rains B. will rain C. is raining D. was raining【巩固】1）I _when the telephone rang.A.was to leave B.would leave C.was going to leave D. am going to leave2）Shirley _a book about China last year ,but Im not sure if she has finished i

33、t.A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. is writing3)As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read was fallingB. was reading fell C. was reading was falling D. read fell【演练】1.Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? No, I _ my homework all day yesterday.A. was doingB. would doC. had doneD. do2.I w

34、alked slowly through the market, where people _ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.A. sellB. were sellingC. had soldD. have sold3.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.-Impossible. She _ TV with me in my home the

35、n.A. watchedB. had watchedC. would watchD. was watching4.It was difficult to get a word in. Everyone_ so excitedly about the play.A. would talkB. was talkingC. talkedD. had talked5.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time!A. was

36、talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked6.Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. had played7.Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home.A. h

37、ave just thoughtB. was just thinkingC. would just thinkD. will just be thinking8.It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh, dont mention it. I _ past your house anyway.A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have come（六）现在完成时1.用法：基本用法有两种。(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。I have seen this film. (

38、2)表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。He has been in the League for three years.2.结构：肯定句：have(has)done 否定句：have(has)+not+done.一般疑问句： have(has)放于句首3.标志：用法(1)常与下列词语连用：already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently等；用法(2)常与“since时间点”或“for时间段”所构成的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可与包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如this morning, the

39、se days等。【真题链接】My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980. （2011中考题）A. writesB. wroteC. has writtenD. will writeRose came to Beijing in 2002. she _ here for eight years. （2010中考题）A. was living B. live C. will live D. has lived【巩固】1) How long have you _ this book?A. bought B. borrowed

40、C. had D. lent2) -Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? - Yes, I _ it last night.A. have, see B. have, have seen C. have, seen D. have, saw【演练】1.When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely.A. are arrivingB. have arrivedC. had arrivedD. will arrive2.Up to now, the program _ thousands of

41、children who would otherwise have died.A. would saveB. savesC. had savedD. has saved3.Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20.A. hadnt madeB. wouldnt makeC. dont makeD. havent made4.Listening to

42、 loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have5.When shall we restart our business? Not until we _ our plan.A. will finishB. are finishingC. are to finishD. have finished6.Have a good look around the room to make sure you _ everything.A. had packedB. pa

43、ckC. have packedD. are packing7.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised8.For many years, people _ electric ears. However, making them has been more difficult than

44、 predicted. A. had dreamed ofB. have dreamed ofC. dreamed ofD. dream of9.His sister left home in 1998, and _ since.A. had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC. had not heard ofD. has not heard of10.The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approachin

45、g 74 million.A. has grownB. have grownC. grewD. are growing（七）过去完成时1.用法：（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 如 By nine oclock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus final

46、ly came. （3）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如I thought I had sent the letter a week before. （4） 时间状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 2.结构：肯定句： had

47、+done. 否定句： had+not+done. 一般疑问句：Had放于句首?3.标志： by + 过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. before + 过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.when,bef

48、ore,after,as soon as,till/until引导的时间状语从句中 【演练】1.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me.A. had doneB. didC. would doD. were doing2.If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken3.Were you surp

49、rised by the ending of the film?NO, I_ the book, so I already knew the storyA. was readingB. had readC. am readingD. have read4.I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone_ it. Was it you?A. has doneB. had doneC. would do D. will do5.Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_ bu

50、sy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A. wereB. have been C. had beenD. will be6.John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _ with them to school.A. tookB. had takenC. were takingD. would take7.She stared at the painting, wondering where she _ it.A.

51、 sawB. has seenC. seesD. had seen8.The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels.A. was stayingB. stayedC. would stayD. had stayed9.They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years.A. didnt speakB. hadnt spokenC. haven t spokenD. haven t bee

52、n speaking10.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _.A. has been reachedB. had been reachedC. has reachedD. had reached（八）过去将来时1.用法：表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。（1）宾语从句或间接引语中，She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. （2）表示过去习惯性的动作，例：Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. （3）表示过去情况中的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句，例：No matter how difficult the work was, he would k