[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案

1、英语语言学期末考试试卷第一部分选择题i.directions:readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthelettera,b,cordinthebrackets.(2%x10=20%)1.saussuresdistinctionandchomskysareverysimilar,buttheydifferinthat_.a.saussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhilechomskyto

2、okapsychologicalpointofviewb.saussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhilechomskytookasociologicalpointofviewc.saussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhilechomskytookasemanticpointofviewd.saussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhilechomskytookapragmaticpointofview2.languageisasystemof_vocalsymbolsusedfor

3、humancommunication.a.unnaturalb.artificialc.superficiald.arbitrary3.wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,_.a.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmittedb.therefore,weneedntlearnthedetailsofourmothertonguec.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.d.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct4.

4、a(n)_isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.a.phoneb.allophonec.phonemed.sound5.themorphemeedintheword“worked”isa(n)_morpheme.a.derivationalb.inflectionalc.freed.word-forming6.wh-movementis_inenglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.a.obl

5、igatoryb.optionalc.selectionald.arbitrary7.namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby_.a.griceb.platoc.saussured.ogdenandrichards8.“johnmarriedablondheiress.”_“johnmarriedablond.”a.issynonymouswithb.isinconsistentwithc.entailsd.presupposes9.insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebas

6、icunitiscalled_,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.a.utteranceb.referencec.predicationd.morpheme10.inaustinsspeechacttheory,_istheactofexpressingthespeakersintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.a.aperlocutionaryactb.alocutionaryactc.aconstativeactd.anillocutionaryact第二部分非选择题ii.dir

7、ections:fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.notethatyouaretofillinonewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11.p_relatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleusela

8、nguage.12.ad_studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.13.languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.atthelowerlevel,thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberofmeaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.thi

9、sdesignfeatureiscalledd_.14.thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:thepharyngealcavity,theo_cavityandthenasalcavity.15.thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl_.16.s_featuressuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencethe

10、interpretationofmeaning.17.phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirr_properties.18.h_referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.19.someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandcl

11、assifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep_,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.20.insociolinguistics,speakersaretreatedasmembersofsocialgroups.thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc_.iii.directions:judgewhethereachofthefollowing

12、statementsistrueorfalse.putatfortrueorfforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%10=20%)()21.linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.()22.languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsac

13、tuallyreferto.()23.theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.()24.themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinenglishbecauseenglish,unlikechinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.()25.thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andye

14、tthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.s()26.whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmindeyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.()27.allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.forexample,“goodmorning!”canberestored

15、to“iwishyouagoodmorning.”()28.twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.()29.blackenglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardenglishbecauseblackenglishisnotassystematicasstandardenglish.()30.anychildwhoiscapableofacquir

16、ingsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.iv.directions:explainthefollowingterms.(3%10=30%)31.parole:32.broadtranscription:33.allophones:34.phrasestructurerules:35.context36.historicallinguistics:37.standardlanguage:38.linguistictaboo:39.accultura

17、tion:40.care-takerspeech:v.answerthefollowingquestions.(10%2=20%)41.enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.42.englishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsanglo-saxondays.identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajor

18、historicaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.参考答案第一部分选择题i.directions:readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthelettera,b,cordinthebrackets.(2%10=20%)1.a2.d3.c4.c5.b6.a7.b8.c9.c10.d第二部分非选择题ii.directions:fillintheblankinea

19、chofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.notethatyouaretofillinonewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11.psycholinguistics12.diachronic13.duality14.oral15.lateralization16.suprasegmental17.recursive18.hmuni

20、tyiii.directions:judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.putatfortrueorfforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%x10=20%)(t)21.linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.(t)22.languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisno

21、intrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.(f)23.theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.(f)24.themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinenglishbecauseenglish,unlikechinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.(t)25.

22、thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.(f)26.whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmindseyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.(f)27.allutterancescanberestoredtoc

23、ompletesentences.forexample,“goodmorning!”canberestoredto“iwishyouagoodmorning.”(t)28.twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.(f)29.blackenglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardenglishbecauseblackenglishisnotassyst

24、ematicasstandardenglish.(t)30.anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.iv.directions:explainthefollowingterms.(3%x10=30%)31.parole:itreferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.itisconcreteandvarieswithcontext.32.broadtr

25、anscriptionisthetranscriptionwithlettersymbolsonly.itisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooks.33.allophonesarethedifferentphonesthatrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironments.34.phrasestructurerulesaretherewriteruleswhichallowforthepossiblecombinationofwordstoformphrase

26、sandsentences.35.contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.36.historicallinguisticsstudieslanguagechange(orhistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage).37.standardlanguageisasuperposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandtheju

27、diciarysystem,usedbythemassmediaandtaughtineducationalinstitutions.38.linguistictabooreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.39.acculturationisaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.40.itissimpleandmodifiedspeechusedbyparents,baby-sitter,etc.wh