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1、八年级寒假练习八年级寒假练习 编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(八年级寒假练习)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步,以下为八年级寒假练习的全部内容。16行文八年级寒假班(1)rarelysometimeoftenusuallyalwaysseldomnever -一般现在时l 定义:表示经常发生的事情,动

2、作或一般性的事实。l 常与一般现在时连用的词: dayddddd year month week morning afternoon evening 1、every系列 、频率副词 王八once两次 twice三次 three times一周两次 twice a week每周四次 four times a week每周六 on saturdays每周日 on sundays、次数l 用法:1。表示现在的状态:e.g. hes twelve。/ shes at work. 2。表经常或习惯性的动作:e。g。 i get up at 6:30 every day./he reads english

3、 every morning。常用的状语:often , sometimes , usually , every day 等。 3.表主语具备的性格和能力等: e.g。 she likes noodles。 /they speak french. 4。表示不受时间限制的普遍真理和自然规律: e。g. two and four is six./the moon goes around the earth。 一般现在时的构成一、系动词be的一般现在时1、构成: 主语 + be + 其他the girl is my friend。2、be 包 括 哪 些 ? -is am are 主语为单数时-is

4、, 主语为复数时-are, 主语为“i”时-am3、否定句的构成:主语+be+not+其他 is not=isnt , am not=m not , are not=arent1、kitty an english girl.2、we students.3、i from taizhou。4、she (not) tall。5、lucy and lily (not)good friends. 6、those chairs (not) broken.7、the bag (not) mine.exercise:用be动词的适当形式填空二、情态动词的一般现在时1、 构成:主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他sh

5、e can speak english(注意:情态动词后的动词一定要用原形)2、否定句的构成:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他can not = could not = must not =mustntwould not = will not = should not =shouldnt may not =exercise1、she (can not) speak english。2、you (must not) open the door。3、they (should not) be right.4、i (will not) go to japan。三、行为动词的一般现

6、在时肯定句:主语+动词(+其它) 如: we often play basketball after school. (注意:当主语为第三人称单数时,行为动词要加s或者es )1、大多数动词在词尾直接加s, 如read reads look looks play plays2、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,要先将y变为i,再加es 如:fly flies carry carries study studies26个字母中 除a ,e ,i ,o ,u五个元音字母外,其余21个都是辅音字母3、以“s, x, ch, sh结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为iz 如: teachteaches iz; w

7、atchwatches iz box-boxes4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读z 如:gogoes z dodoes z he often plays basketball after school.complete the sentences. use the simple present tense of the verbs in brackets1. my father_(listen) to the radio every day. 2. mike_ (study) in a middle school.3. she_(take) eddie for a walk after

8、supper.4. he_(wash) clothes with his hands.5. simon _ (pass) the ball to daniel.6. miss li_ (teach) chinese。7. look at the animal, it _(have) four legs。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加s或-es。但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚,现归纳总结如下: 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: he likes watching tv. 他喜欢看电视。/she h

9、as lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐. 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: han mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 beijing is in china. 北京在中国。 三、单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: a horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物. this book is yours。 这本书是你的。 that car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 the cat is lucys. 这只猫是露茜的。 四、不定

10、代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: everyone is here。 大家到齐了. there is something wrong with the watch。 这块手表有毛病。 this is a pen。 这是一支钢笔. that is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦. 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: the milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 the bread is very small。 那面包很小。 六、当

11、数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数.如: 6 is a lucky number. 6”是个吉利数字. ”i” is a letter。 ”i是个字母。否定句:主语+ dont/doesnt+动词原形(+其它) 如:we dont play basketball after school./he doesnt play basketball after school。什么时候用助动词do,什么时候用助动词does呢? 当主语为_(单数/复数)时,用助动词do构成否定 当主语为_(单数/复数)时,用助动词does构成否定注意:dont 和 doesnt 之后动词一定要用原形exercise1。

12、 jordan _(play) basketball.he _(not play) football。2。 i _(go) swimming on sunday.but i_ (not go) shopping.3。 my cousins _(enjoy) computer games.but they _(not enjoy) ball games.4。 you _(like) fish。 but he _(not like) fish。行为动词一般疑问句的构成: 助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它? 问句: do your parents like english? 肯答: yes,

13、they do。 否答: no,they dont。含行为动词(或称为实义动词)一般疑问句的改写一加:即在句首加助动词do或does;二改:1、把谓语动词改为原形;2、改换主语称谓(同第一家组);三问号:句末的句号改为问号。we read english every morning- do you read english every morning?toms father listens to english on the radio every evening . does toms father listen to english on the radio every evening?句

14、型转换1. mr. green comes from shanghai。(改为一般疑问句)_2。 millie lives in a flat in beijing。(改为否定句) _3. daniel enjoys playing computer games。(改为一般疑问句并做肯定回答) _some, any一般说来,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中 。改疑问句或否定句时,原句里的some要改成anythere are some books on the desk。(改为否定句)there arent any books on the desk。 (改为一般疑问句)a

15、re there any books on the desk?why not buy some apples? 为什么不买些苹果呢?would you like some more apples? 你要不要再吃点苹果?注意:在表示建议或希望得到肯定回答时,some可用于疑问句,不用变成any。and, or变否定句时,and要变成orthere is some air and water on the moon . there isnt any air or water on the moon。 he has some brothers and sisters. he doesnt have

16、any brothers or sisters.too,either在否定句当中,too要改为eitheri like eating apples, too。i dont like eating apples, either.句子复习1特殊疑问句(一)特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词what、how、where等开头对陈述句中的某一部分提问的疑问句。读降调.回答时针对所提问题具体回答,不能用yes或no回答。(二)句式结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句? how old are you? what is this in english? 向主语或主语的定语提问时,直接用疑问词替换主语+ 其他成分? who

17、 is not here today? which pen is red? 特殊疑问词及其应用:单词意思用法when什么时间问时间who谁问人whose谁的问主人where在哪里问地点which哪一个问选择why为什么问原因whattime什么时间问具体几点钟what什么问具体什么事what color什么颜色问颜色what about怎么样问意见what day星期几问星期what date什么日期问具体日期what for为何目的问目的how怎么样问情况how old多大问年龄how many多少问数量(可数名词) how much多少问价钱(不可数名词数)how about怎么样问意见h

18、ow far多远问路程how often多久一次问频率(动作多久发生一次)how many times多少次问次数how long多久问动作持续了多久how soon多久问动作过多久才发生(三)注意疑问词的选择1. 问“谁”用who或whom。如lilei is a doctor?who is a doctor?(对主语提问用who,对宾语提问用who, whom均可)2。 问“谁的”用whose。如: this is his book?whose book is this?3。 问“地点”用where.如:the ball is under the bed?where is the ball

19、?4. 问“原因”用whyhe didnt come because he was ill?why didnt he come?5. 问“身体状况用how。如: im fine?how are you?6。 问“方式”用how。如:he did it in that way?how did he do it?7. 问“程度用“how 被修饰语。如:the river is five metres wide?how wide is the river? 8. 问“多少”用how much或how many。如:i have a lot of money?how much money do you

20、 have? he has been to shanghai three times?how many times has he been to shanghai?9. 问“多久”用how long或how soon.如: he has stayed here for ten days?how long has he stayed here? he will be back in two hours?how soon will he be back? (how long指动作或状态发生了多久;how soon指动作或状态还有多久将会发生)【how far】 提问路程的距离。如:how far

21、is the nearest post office? 最近的邮局有多远?10. 问“动作的发生频率”用how often。如: i watch tv twice every week?how often do you watch tv every week?11. 问“哪个”用which或what。如: i like this one among these three?whichdoyou like among these three?i like english best?what do you like best?12. 问“什么用what。如:there is a book on t

22、he desk?whats on the desk?13. 问“职业用what。如: my father is a teacher?whats your father?14。 问“颜色”用what colour 。如: an orange is orange?what colour is an orange?15。 问“星期几”用what day.如:today is friday?what day is today?16. 问“几月几日”用whatdate.如today is july 1st?whats the date today?1、how。. like。.。?与what。 think

23、 of。.?表示“你觉得怎么样?”例如:how do you like the film? = what do you think of the film?2、how + 形容词+。.?与what is the + 名词(重量、长度、高度、宽度、深度、速度、面积等)+ of 。.?例如:how heavy is that basket of apples? = what is the weight of that basket of apples?3、对价格的提问即可用how much.?也可用how much。. cost?与what is the price of。.。?例如:how mu

24、ch is the computer? = how much does the computer cost? = what is the price of the computer? 这台电脑的价格是多少?4、对天气的提问可用how +be +the weather.?=what +be +the weather like。.。?例句:how is the weather today? = what is the weather like today?5、对人口的提问用what is the population of? 可与how large is the population of。.?互

25、相转换。例如:what is the population of the world? = how large is the population of the world?注意“have a population of 表示“有多少人口。例如:our village has a population of two hundred people. 我们村有二百人口17. 问“时间用when或what time。如: i go there in the morning? whe do you go there? it is four oclock?what time is it? (when既可

26、对点时间提问,也可对年、月、日等时间提问;what time通常只对点时间提问)1、 选择题1. ( ) excuse me _ is the nearest bookshop? go down the street and turn left .a。 how b。 what c。 where d. who2. ( ) _ is a ticker for the film hacker he? about forty yuan . a。 how old b. how many c. how much d. how often3. ( )_ are you going? im going to

27、the library。a. who b. which c。 what d。 where4. ( ) _? -its eight.a。 what day is it b。 whats five and three c. how old are you d. whats your telephone number5. ( ) -_? -ive got a headache and a cough。a. whats the matter with you b. whats wrong with it c。 can i help you d. how are you6. ( ) 。-_ tea di

28、d you have? -two cups。a. how many b. how much c。 how soon d。 which 7. ( ) -_ a year does your school have sports meetings? - twice a year.a。 how often b. how soon c. how long d。 how many times8. ( )- _? -the one behind the tree。a. whose girl b. whos that girl c. which girl d。 wheres the girl 9. ( )

29、-_ are you going to be in the future? i want to be a person _ yang liwei。a。 how , like b. how , as c。 what , like d. what , as10. ( )。_ will your father be back? .a how long b how often c how soon d how wide阅读训练1一. 阅读理解 阅读理解:在中考中占的比重很大。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言

30、因素、还涉及到非语言因素,即:阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。阅读技巧之一是阅读时要扩大视距。二是不要心读或朗读;三是要理解段落或文章的细节。四是要学会猜测词义,五要理解中心思想。六要具备合理推理和判断的能力。 初中阶段阅读题重点考查的内容是事实认定、词语理解、数量计算,主要思想归纳等。而从考查方式来看,则以直接型、转换型和归纳型的试题为主,需要依据文章事实和作者思路进行推理的题次之。二、阅读理解解题步骤: 1。 浏览全文,捕捉信息。要求考生通过浏览全文,掌握其大意了解作者的观点和写作意图。 2. 细读思考题

31、,分析信息。通读(浏览全文)短文后,已对文章或段落大意有所了解再读考题,对要捕捉的信息进行分析、推理,这样便可先解答与主题思想有关的问题。 3。 复读全文,抓住细节。带着问题去复读,可缩小复读的范围,更便于捕捉关键的信息。复读时可边读边用铅笔做些标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即5w:who, what, when, where, why)划出来.例如:凡逢人物就圈起来,看完一遍,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。经过这样的处理,你对文章的内容和细节便清楚了,对其中矛盾的产生、发展和解决心里就会有底了。 另外,在复读全文时,还应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句,以及结尾句。因为短文的首句

32、和首段往往是作者要说明的对象或事件的起因;作者阐述自己的观点或事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系。结尾句、段是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。这样一来便容易抓住中心,为准确、快速地解题打下良好的基础。 4。 解答问题,选定答案.对那些明显的,有把握的题可以断然圈定。遇到不会做的问题可暂时不做,把每个问题阅读完毕,等会做的题已做完,然后再回头做剩下的题目。在做题时,如果遇到困难,再重新查阅。这次重读,要针对问题的要求,抓住重点,一次求得正确答案. 5. 再读全文,核对答案。这是最后一步,也是重要的一步,不能疏忽.这一步骤要用全文的主题思想统率各考题,把我们在阅读和答题时所得到的信息归纳整

33、理一遍后重新再读一遍短文检查答案,看是否前后一致;意义和语言知识是否和原文相符;是否符合逻辑等。发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误,要立即纠正。 要注意的是,改正原来选定的答案,一定要慎之又慎。一定要有充分的理由,才可改前答案.阅读理解解题技巧分析一。 事实询问题 此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或why等词引导,就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节设问并要求考生回答:如: the internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. if you want to find a job on the int

34、ernet, use the words “job search”or“employment”to find the websites you need. ( )what does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the internet? a. to type in “job search”to find the websites。 b。 to write a good resume。 c. to prepare for an interview d. to get an english dictio

35、nary解这类题的主要方法是:1. 明确题意。2。 寻找答案来源。3. 找准关键词。4。 反复阅读。a can dolphins talk? maybe they cant talk with words, but they talk with sounds。 they show their feelings with sounds. dolphins travel in a group。 we call a group of fish a “school”。 they dont study, but they travel together. dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. they give information. they tell when they are happy or sad or

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