生物英文单词

1、第二届专业英语文化艺术节之“我爱记单词 ”词库Botany 植物学Cell theory 细胞学说cell membrane 细胞膜nucleus 细胞核Organelle 细胞器cell wall 细胞壁cytoplasm 细胞质protoplast 原生质体cell cycle 细胞周期mitochondrion 线粒体photosynthesis 光合作用unit membrane 单位膜chloroplast 叶绿体chlorophyll 叶绿素xanthophyll 叶黄素carotene 胡萝卜素golgiosome 高尔基体ribosome 核糖体lysosome 溶酶体micr

2、ofilament 微丝nuclear fission 核分裂reproduction 繁殖primary wall 初生壁secondary wall 次生壁plasmodesma 胞间连丝mitosis 有丝分裂amitosis 无丝分裂meiosis 减数分裂cytokinesis 胞质分裂interphase 间期prophase 前期metaphase 中期anaphase 后期telophase 末期tissue 组织pistil 雌蕊stamen 雄蕊ovary 子房pollination 传粉pollen tube 花粉管porogamy 珠孔受精chalazogamy 合点受

3、精mesogamy 中部受精apomixis 无融合生殖apogamy 无配子生殖patrogenesis 孤雄生殖parthenogensis 孤雌生殖apospory 无孢子生殖pericarp 果皮life history 生活史root system 根系main root 主根lateral root 侧根taproot system 直根系fibrous root system 须根系cortex 皮层vascular cylinder 维管柱pericycle 中柱鞘xylem ray 木射线vascular ray 维管射线phloem ray 韧皮射线root cap 根冠C

4、asparian strip 凯氏带primary xylem 初生木质部primary phloem 初生韧皮部vascular ray 维管射线xylem ray 木射线phelloderm 栓内层phloem ray 韧皮射线embryo 胚homologous organ 同源器官analogous organ 同功器官endosperm 胚乳seed coat 种皮radicle 胚根plumule 胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon 子叶dormancy 休眠seed germ in ati on种子明发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻

5、类blue-gree n algae 蓝藻trichogyne 受精丝mucopolysaccharide 黏多糖gelat inous sheath胶质鞘exospore 夕卜生孢子heterosexual cell 异性细胞gree n algae 绿藻isogamy 同配生殖ani sogamy异配生殖ani sogamy 卵式生殖zygogamy 接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid 二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte 孢子体brown algae 褐藻sea-tangle 海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism 寄生saprophytic

6、腐生的lichen地衣archego nium 颈卵器an theridium 精子器antiphyte 孢子体gametophyte 配 己子体prot on ema 原丝体bryophyta 苔藓植物cruciferae 十字花科vascular pla nts 微管植物aquatic pla nt 水生植物salicaceae 杨柳科vegetative reproducti on营养繁殖phelloge n& cork cambium木栓形成层sexual propagati on有性繁殖didy namous stame n二强雄蕊diadelphous stame n二体雄蕊pol

7、yadelphous stame ns多体雄蕊primary wall cells 初生壁细胞 male sterility 雄性不育 meristem zone 分生区 maturatio n zone 成熟区 specific parasitism专性寄生facultative parasitism兼性寄生sexual gen erati on有性世代in tercellular layer 胞间层 asexual reproduct ion无性繁殖tetrady namous stame n四强雄蕊mono delphous stame n单体雄蕊triadelphous stame n

8、三体雄蕊synan therous stame n聚药雄蕊vegetative cell 营养细胞 filiform apparatus 丝状器 elon gati on zone 伸长区 embryophyte 有胚植物 specific saprophyte 专性腐生 facultative saprophyte 兼性腐生 asexual gen erati on无性世代an giosperm 被子植物en doplasmic reticulum内质网Zoology 动物学cell 细胞prokaryotic cell 原核细胞eukaryotic cell 真核细胞protein 蛋白质

9、nucleic acid 核酸carbohydrate 糖lipid 脂质protoplasm 原生质inclusion 内含物cell cycle 细胞周期pulmonary alveolus 肺泡flagellum 鞭毛food vacuole 食物泡pinocytosis 胞饮作用fission 裂体生殖microgamete 小配子zygote 合子microtubule 微管contraction silk 收缩丝merogenesis 卵裂blastocoele 囊胚腔complete cleavage 完全卵裂layering 分层cynapse 突触myoneme 肌丝myoc

10、yte 肌细胞mesoglea 中胶层monoecism 雌雄同体dioecism 雌雄异体velum 缘膜radial symmetry 辐射对称nerve net 神经网planula 浮浪幼虫bilateral symmetry 两侧对称mesoderm 中胚层tubule cell 管细胞osmoregulation 渗透调节acetabulum 腹吸盘oral sucker 口吸盘metacercaria 囊蚴pseudocoel 假体腔cuticle 角质膜cloacal pore 泄殖孔renette 腺肾细emunctory 排泄管resting egg 休眠卵metamere

11、 体节metamerism 分节现象sense organ 感觉器periostracum 壳皮层prismatic layer 壳层nacreous layer 珍珠层veliger 面盘幼虫glochidium 钩介幼虫adductor 闭壳肌segmentation 异律分节linear animal 线形动物pericardial cavity 围心腔cervical vertebra 颈椎sacral vertebra 荐椎pulmonary vein 肺静脉precaval vein 前腔静脉bladder 气囊middle ear 中耳tympanum cavity 中耳腔amn

12、ion 羊膜neopallium 新皮层lagena 瓶状囊wishbone 叉骨postcaval vein 后腔静脉glandular stomach 腺胃air sac 气囊salt gland 盐腺sclerotic ring 巩膜骨viviparity 胎生placenta 胎盘allantois 尿囊rumen 瘤胃bursa of fabricius 腔上囊masticatory stomach 肌胃reticulum 网胃omasum 瓣胃abomasum 皱胃cochlea 耳蜗earthworm 蚯蚓 arthropod 节肢动物 cell membrane&plasma

13、membrane 细胞膜 connective tissue 结缔组织 osseous tissue 骨组织 cardiac muscle 心肌Nissls body 尼氏小体meroblastic cleavage 不完全卵裂 gastrovascular cavity 消化循环腔 excretory system 排泄系统 digestive system 消化系统 basal lamina & basal membrane基膜self-fertilization 自体受精 first intermidate host 第一中间寄主amniota 羊膜动物 annelid 环节动物 epi

14、thelial tissue 上皮组织 cartilage tissue 软骨组织 muscular tissue 肌肉组织 intercalated disc 闰盘 colony &group 群体 colonial theory 群体说 muscle system 肌肉体系 reproductive system 生殖系统 archinephric duct 原肾管 cross-fertilization 异体受精 final host 终寄主 semicircular canal 半规管internal naris 内鼻孔coelenterate 腔肠动物second intermedi

15、ate host 第二中间寄主Genetics 遗传学heredity 遗传variation 变异gene 基因pisum sativum 豌豆segregation 分离gamete 生殖细胞zygote 合子allele 等位基因genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型test cross 测交oryza sativa 水稻diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体centromere 着丝粒satellite 随体linker 连丝mitosis 有丝分裂mesoblast 中胚层spindle 纺锤体interphase 间期spindle fiber 纺锤丝vicia

16、faba 蚕豆nucleoplasm 核质spermatogenous 精原细胞oogonium 卵原细胞spermatid 精细胞Phenocopy 拟表型epistasis 上位效应mutant 突变型gametic lethal 配子致死zygotic lethal 合子致死autosome 常染色体domi nan t lethal 显性致死carrier 携带者homozygote 纯合体prophagegenotype 基因型in terfere nee干涉wild type野生型 auxotroph 营养缺陷型 don or供体heterozygote 杂合体 lin kage

17、group 连锁群 gen etic map 遗传学图 heterokary on异核体reci pie nt 受体 in duct ion 诱导 Men del s laws孟德尔定律 first filial gen eratio n子一代dominant character显性性状hereditary determ inant遗传因子recomb in ati on 重组合Men delia n character孟德尔性状sec on dary con strict ion次级缢痕first polar body第一极体sister chromatids姐妹染色单体multiple a

18、lleles复等位基因sex-l in ked in herita nee 伴性遗传 sec on dary con strict ion次级缢痕homologous chromosome 同源染色体 seco ndary oocyte次级卵母细胞primary spermatocyte初级精母纟田胞sec ondary spermatocyte次级精母纟田胞phe no type 表现型 coin cide nee 并发率 mutatio n 突变 strain 菌株 fragme nt 片段原噬菌体tran sduction 转导law of segregati on分离定律pare nt

19、al gen erati on亲代recessive character 隐性性状 pare ntal comb in ati on亲组合punn ett square 棋盘法 primary con strict ion初级缢痕nu cleolar organi zer核仁形成区sec ond polar body第二极体female gametic n ueleus卵核sex-chromosome 性染色体 primary con strict ion初级缢痕compleme ntary gene互补基因sister chromatids姐妹染色单体three-po int testcro

20、ss 三点测交first divisi on segregatio n第一次分裂分离sec ond divisi on segregatio n第二次分裂分离law of in depe ndent assortme nt自由组合定律Biochemistry生物化学proteoglyca n 蛋白聚糖esse ntial eleme nt 必需元素trace eleme nts 微量元素amino acid 氨基酸primary structure一级结构random coil 无规卷曲structural doma in 结构域sub unit 亚基dege nerati on 变性cyto

21、sine 胞嘧啶nu cleoside 核苷base pair 碱基对数nucleosome 核小体tran spos ons 转座子intron内含子renaturation 复性annealing 退火adenine腺嘌呤thymine胸腺嘧啶nucleotide 核苷酸base碱基数complementary DNA互补 DNArepetitive seque nee重复序歹 Uvariable loop 可变环hyperchromic effect增色效应guanine鸟嘌呤uracil尿嘧啶base pairi ng 碱基配对gyrase旋转酶plasmid 质粒exon夕卜显子ri

22、bo nu clease 核糖核酸酶base stack ing force碱基堆积力熔解温度hypochromic effect 减色效应maltose 麦芽糖starch淀粉cellulase 纤维素酶 holoenzyme 全酶 oxidase氧化酶 catabolism异化作用 cytochrome 细胞色素 antimycin A 抗霉素 Aethanol 乙醇succi nic acid 琥珀酸 fumarate延胡索酸 fatty acid脂肪酸core en zyme核心酶leadi ng cha in 前导链 telomere 端粒vector载体operon操纵子hormo

23、ne 激素melt in g-out temperature sucrose 蔗糖 glycogen 糖原 selectivity 选择性 cofactor辅因子 metabolism 新陈代谢 metabolite代谢产物 rotenone鱼藤酮 cyanide氰化物 citrate柠檬酸 oxaloacetic acid 草酰乙酸 glyoxylate cycle乙醛酸循环carb on un it 碳单位 primosome 弓丨发体 laggi ng stra nd 后随链 telomerase 端粒酶 promoter 启动子 codon密码子lactose 乳糖cellulose纤

24、维素substrate 底物coenzyme 辅酶assimilation 同化作用 biological oxidatio n生物氧化amytal阿密妥glycolysis 糖酵解cis-ac on itate顺乌头酸acetyl-coe nzyme乙酰辅酶malate苹果酸replicon复制子Okazaki fragme nt冈崎片段terminator 终止子replication fork 复制叉terminator 终止子degeneracy 简并性脱氨基作用urea cycle尿素循环messenger RNA 信使 RNAribosome RNA 核糖体 RNAfeedback

25、 regulati on反馈调节promoter gene 启动基因regulator gene 调节基因triplet code 三联体密码term in ati on cod on 终止密码orn ith ine cycle 鸟氨酸循环glucoge nic amino acid生糖氨基酸tran sam in ati on 转氨基作用 decarboxylati on 脱羧作用 reverse tran scriptase逆转录酶synonym ous mutatio n同义突变nonsense mutati on无义突变esse ntial amino acids 必需氨基酸 an t

26、icodo n loop 反密码子环superhelical DNA 超螺旋 DNA linear DNA线形 DNAsec ondary structure二级结构tertiary structure 三级结构negative supercoil DNA负超螺旋 DNAcitric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环deam in ati oneuchromati n 常染色质transfer RNA 转移 RNA metabolic regulati on代谢调节structural gene 结构基因 operator gene 操纵基因 termin ati on factor 终止因子

27、 in itiator cod on 起始密码 semic on servative replicati on半保留复制ketoge nic amino acid生酮氨基酸oxidative deam in ati on氧化脱氨作用reverse tran scripti on逆转录semidisc on ti nu ous replicati on半不连续复制misse nse mutati on错义突变neutral mutatio n中性突变phosphatidic acid磷脂酸dihydrouracil loop二氢尿嘧啶环double-strand circular DNA 双链环

28、形 DNA open circular DNA 开环 DNA base stack ing force碱基堆积力super-sec ondary structure超二级结构quaternary structure四级结构positive supercoil DNA 正超螺旋 DNA Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 甘油醛-3-二磷酸restrictio n en do nu clease限制性内切酶polymerase cha in reacti on聚合酶链反应Microbiology微生物学livi ng creatures生物culture medium 培养基l

29、awn菌苔culture plate培养平板bacteria 纟田菌archaea 古牛菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote 原核生物protozoa n 原生动物hypha 菌丝mycoplasma 支原体yeast酵母菌plasmolysis质壁分离Escherichia Coli 大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglyca n肽聚糖mucopeptide 黏肽outer membra ne 夕卜膜chromosome 染色体nucleolus 核仁nu cleoid 拟核chromati n 染色质cen tromere 着丝粒telomere 端粒protoplas

30、t 原生质体mycoplasma 支原体glycoprote in糖蛋白mesosome 间体cytoplasm 纟田胞质megnetosome 磁小体nucleoid 拟核glycocalyx 糖被capsule 荚膜flagellum 鞭毛lysosome 溶酶体chloroplast 叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganic salt 无机盐pept one 蛋白胨sulfur bacteria 硫细菌beef extract 牛肉膏vitamin 维生素in clusion body内含物lithotroph 无机营养型medium 培养基agar琼脂organo troph

31、有机营养型antiport 逆向运输active tran sport主动运输pino cytosis 胞饮作用catabolism 分解代谢passive tran sport被动运输uniport 单向运输an abolism 合成代谢ferme ntatio n 发酵batch culture 分批培养log phase对数生长期stationary phase 稳定牛长期lag phase 迟缓期decli ne phase 衰亡期aerobe 好氧菌antibiotic抗生素an tige nome 反基因组tran sformatio n转化genome 基因组plasmid 质粒tran sform ing factor 转化因子diploid 二倍体haploid单倍体tran sposable eleme nt转座因子conjugation 接合作用transposon 转座子ge no type