论述防渗漏技术在建筑工程中的应用

1、论述防渗漏技术在建筑工程中的应用1.建筑工程防渗漏技术建筑工程的质量形成是设计质量从无形到有形的转化，施工质量管理就是为实现设计质量的全部活动过程，设计质量的优劣在很大程度上决定了工程的最终质量，而住宅工程主要的渗漏缺陷有：屋面渗漏、厨房卫生间地面渗漏、外墙渗漏、外窗渗漏等。2.屋面防水2.1渗漏现象屋面设施与现浇层之间的节点部位渗漏；女儿墙和墙角部位温度应力裂缝造成墙角部位渗漏：现浇屋面的不均匀沉降裂缝造成条状渗漏：卷材屋面空裂、开裂渗漏；天沟、檐口渗水：屋面反梁过水孔渗水（见图1）：屋面出入孔渗水：防水层剥离、脱缝、收头脱落等原因引起的渗水。1-防水层；2-附加层；3-冷底子油；4-找平层

2、；5-找坡层6-结构层；7-预埋管；8密封材料；9-卷材收头2.2防水层施工1）找平层上均匀涂刷基层处理剂，对屋面节点、周边、转角等用毛刷涂刷，基层处理剂、接缝胶粘剂、密封材料等应与铺贴的卷材材料相容。2）防水层施工前，应将卷材表面清刷干净；热铺贴卷材时，玛啼脂应涂刷均匀、压实、挤密，确保卷材防水层与基层的粘结能力。3）卷材大面积铺贴前，应先做好节点密封处理、附加层和屋面水较集中部位（如屋面与水落口连接处、檐口、天沟、檐沟、屋面转角处、板端缝等）细部构造处理、分隔缝的空铺条处理等，应由屋面最低标高处向上施工：铺贴天沟、檐沟卷材时，顺天沟、檐沟方向铺贴，从水落口处向分水线方向铺贴，尽量减少搭接。

3、节点、附加层和屋面排水比较集中部位.出现渗漏现象较多，先行认真处理，检查无误后再开始铺贴大面积卷材，这是保证防水质量的重要措施之一。4）叠层铺贴时，上下层卷材间的搭接缝应错开；叠层铺设的各层卷材，在天沟与屋面的连接处应采取叉接法搭接，搭接缝应错开；接缝宜留在屋面或天沟侧面，不得留在沟底，搭接无滑移、无翘边。5）高聚物改性沥青防水卷材和合成高分子防水卷材的搭接缝，宜用材料性能相容的密封材料封严。2.3 细部构造处理1）天沟、檐沟应增设附加层，采用沥青防水卷材时，应增铺一层卷材：采用高聚物改性沥青防水卷材或合成高分子防水卷材时，宜采用防水涂膜增强层：天沟、檐沟与屋面交接处的附加层应空铺，空铺宽度不

4、应小于200mm：天沟、檐沟卷材收头处应密封固定。2）女儿墙为砖墙时卷材收头可直接铺压在女儿墙的混凝土压顶下，如女儿墙较高时，可在砖墙上留凹槽，卷材收头应压八凹槽并用压条钉压固定，嵌填密封材料封闭，凹槽距屋面找平层的最低高度不应小于250mm：女儿墙为混凝土时，卷材的收头采用镀锌钢板压条钉压固定，钉距900mm，并用密封材料封闭严密；泛水宜采用隔热防晒措施，在泛水卷材面砌砖后抹水泥砂浆或细石混凝土保护，或涂刷浅色涂料，或粘贴铝箔保护层。3）管道根部600mm范围内，砂浆找平层应抹出高30mm坡向周围的圆锥台，以防根部积水；管道与基层交接处预留20mm20mm的凹槽，槽内用密封材料嵌填严密；管道

5、根都周围做附加增强层，宽度和高度不小于300mm；防水层贴在管道上的高度不应小于300mm，附加层卷材应剪出切口，上下层切缝粘贴时错开，严密压盖：附加层及卷材防水层收头处用金属箍箍紧在管道上，并用密封材料封严。3.外墙防水3.1外墙渗漏其主要渗透动力为毛细渗透。3.2外墙材料提倡采用保温节能新型墙体材料，满足现代建筑设计要求。3.3高层建筑混凝土结构与填充墙交接处加上一层300宽度的点焊网，以避免受温度影响收缩不均而产生开裂。对于轻质墙，宜加一层点焊网。3.4高层建筑设计时，应综合考虑结构造型、地基条件等因素，尽可能地消除应力裂缝，伸缩缝、沉降缝应认真处理，做到既能伸缩（沉降）自由，又能防水。

6、3.5对于空心砌体，建议采用构造防水、设置等压结构，消除压羞渗透动力。3.6外墙分格缝可以使用一次性塑料分格条等代替，外墙饰面砖的勾续采用聚合物水泥砂浆以减弱水泥砂浆的脆性：外墙找平层如遇不同材料交接的可加金属条以抵抗因不同材料的线膨胀数不同而引起的开裂；抹灰用砂要严格控制含泥量，杜绝使用风砂等。4.外门窗防水4.1制作阶段4.1.1角部处理彩铝铝合金门窗组角时必须用防水胶垫，断桥铝合金门窗组角时必须用组角胶，塑钢门窗时焊接缝绝对不能开裂。4.1.2固定玻璃镶嵌时干法：胶条必须一周只能断开一处，断开处在上角，胶条与型材、玻璃必须搭配合适，胶条不能塞不进或是有脱落现象；湿法：须用中性玻璃胶，防止

7、胶在凝固时出现揪开扣条的现象。打胶必须严实、均匀不能有断裂现象。4.1.3窗扇与窗框的搭接扇与框的搭接不能太小，扇框的四周必须有胶条。4.1.4如遇到有拼接或是转角窗时拼接料、转角料必须做防水处理一或用防水胶条通长粘贴，或用密封胶进行密封处理。4.1.5所有门窗均必须有出水孔，并应有防风盖4.2安装阶段4.2.1净口安装1）外饰面为瓷砖时不能参照规范节点图进行施工，规范要求：加强网包襄在洞口上，瓷砖贴于其上，形成窗洞口外侧高于内侧，容易造成泛水。2）建议一切门窗洞口的内侧高于外侧。3）净口安装的膨胀胶管的处理必须圆周图密封胶，以便于积水不会渗透，通过发泡胶渗透到室内。4.2.2毛口安装所有门窗

8、外槽口必须用实物填充后安装，以便与主体结构密封密实。4.2.3密封胶密封胶施工均匀，胶体粘结在窗框上不能少于58mm，室外用防水密封胶。5.厨卫间防水5.1沿墙根墙面渗漏、穿楼板管道处渗漏、浴缸底部积水渗漏，其主要渗透动力为重力渗透。5.2有防水要求的建筑地面必须设置防水层，墙面采用防水砂浆抹灰，防水砂浆分2次刮糙。5.3有防水要求的楼板周边除门洞外，应向上做一道高度不小于200mm的混凝土反梁，梁宽同墙宽，与楼板一同浇筑，地面标高应比室内其他房间地面低30mm。5.4主管道穿过楼面处，应设置金属套管，上下水管预留洞口坐标位置应正确，洞口形状为上大下小。5.5防水层施工前，应先将楼板四周清理干

9、净，阴角处粉成小圆弧。防水层的泛水高度不得小于300mm。将防水层上翻300mm是保证墙角处不渗漏水的有效措施。另外，靠近沐浴的墙面还应在贴磁砖前在找平层上涂刷防水层。5.6地面找平层朝地漏方向的排水坡度为1%1.5%，保证地漏口最终标高比相邻地面低5mm。5.7烟道根部向上300mm范围内宜采用聚合物防水砂浆粉刷或采用柔性防水层粘贴。6.结语要确保建筑工程不渗不漏：一是从结构设计方面进行分析是否符合设计规范要求；二是从施工过程方面进行分析是否达到质量验收规范要求；三是从防渗防漏的原材料方面进行分析是否达到设计要求。总之，对建筑工程防渗防漏要从多方面原因进行分析，严格按规范要求进行质量验收，质

10、量验收合格后才进行下一项工序进行，要在施工过程中做好建筑工程防渗防漏。dkagtgkqcwa3p tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgk tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2

11、ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2 tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbyc

12、udxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgq

13、v7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknb

14、ycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2 tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn6

15、0eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3

16、xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50cl

17、mtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dk

18、aghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi

19、92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7x

20、av2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycu

21、dxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaggeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgq

22、v7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknby

23、cudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav hhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxq

24、a7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i

25、30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycud