高考英语必备—专题十五　书面表达

1、第六部分 书面表达 专题十五 书面表达,高考英语（课标专用）,考点清单,清单一写作基础知识,一、基本句型,舍我其谁五大基本句型在写作中的作用 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,但英语中最基本的句型只有五种,其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型转换而来的。五种基本句型如下: 1.主语+谓语 本结构由“主语+不及物动词”构成,不及物动词后不能有宾语,用来表示主语的动作。主语可以有定语来修饰,谓语也可以有状语来修饰。 典句引领 I work in a computer firm.Every day I get up early in the morning. After breakfast, I go

2、 to work by bike.,我在一家电脑公司工作。每天早上我都很早起床。早饭后,我骑自行车 去上班。 雕词琢句 (1)(一些著名的中国艺术家将会表演)on that day.(2017课标全国) (2)(我们能出发) early so that well have more time to read and select books.(2016课标全国) (3)一句多译 这个训练营将于7月20号开营。 a: (will do) b: (is going to do) c: (be to do),答案(1)Some famous Chinese artists will perform

3、(2)We can set out/set off (3)a:This training camp will open on July 20th. b:This training camp is going to open on July 20th. c:This training camp is to open on July 20th.,2.主语+谓语+宾语 本结构由“主语+及物动词+宾语”构成,谓语动词是主语发出的动作,但是意思还不完整,后面需要跟宾语,即动作的承受者。充当宾语的有:名词、代词、从句等。 典句引领 I took an English exam yesterday. I h

4、ad prepared it for two weeks. Before I turned in the paper, I checked it carefully. 昨天我参加了一场英语考试。我为此已经准备了两周的时间。在上交试卷之前,我仔细地检查了一下。,答案(1)You can find some original poems (2)We would especially welcome those articles,雕词琢句 (1)(你可以找到一些原创诗歌)of famous poets, such as Li Bai and Du Fu. (2017课标全国) (2)(我们尤其欢迎那

5、些文章)about how Ameri-cans spend their holidays and festivals.(2015课标全国),3.主语+谓语+双宾语 即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。如果把直接宾语放在间接宾语前,需要借助介词to或for。 需要借助介词to的动词有:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,send,show,teach等。 需要借助介词for的动词有:buy,cook,get,make等。 典句引领 Mr.Smith has taught us English for 3 years.Yesterday was his 50th b

6、irth-day. Every one of us bought him a present and I even told him an interest-ing story. 史密斯先生教我们英语已经三年了。昨天是他50岁生日。我们每个人都给他买了一个礼物,我甚至给他讲了一个有趣的故事。,雕词琢句 (1)(它向青少年提供了一个机会)to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. (2)我希望这个变化不会给你造成太多的麻烦。(2016课标全国) (3)那真给了我们很大的成就感。,答案(1)It offers teenagers a chanc

7、e (2)I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble. (3)That really gave us a great sense of achievement.,4.主语+系动词+表语 本结构由“主语+系动词+表语”构成,主要用来说明主语的特征、状态、类属和身份等。系动词可以分为以下几类: (1)表示特征和存在状态的:be,appear,feel,look,seem,smell,sound,taste等; (2)表示状态延续的:remain,stay,keep等; (3)表示状态变化的:become,get,go,turn,gro

8、w等。 典句引领 My English is much better than before. I feel very happy. I am very grate-ful for your help. 我的英语比以前好多了。我感到非常高兴。我非常感激你的帮助。,雕词琢句 (1)Some compromises were unavoidable, but (这 个视频后来证明很完美). (2)The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper(非常受欢迎) among us students.(2015课标全国),答案(1)the video pro

9、ved perfect(2)is very popular,5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 本结构中宾语后面需要有成分对其进行补充说明,这就是宾语补足语。可以作宾补的有:形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词和过去分词。 典句引领 The old man had a lovely daughter. He named her Lily. He made her very happy every day and wanted her to become an artist.这个老人有一个可爱 的女儿。他给她取名为莉莉。每天他都让她很高兴并且想让她成为一名艺术家。,雕词琢句

10、(1)I(认为他的建议非常有用),although many peo-ple are against it. (2)你的贡献(contribution)一定会使这次活动获得巨大的成功。 (3)(我写信是为了邀请你参观)the paper-cutting exhibition. (2017课标全国),答案(1)consider his advice/suggestion very useful (2)Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. (3)I am writing to invite you to vi

11、sit,二、齐头并进,抑扬顿挫并列句在写作中的运用 并列句是由并列连词连接分句而组成的句子,其基本结构是:简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列句中的分句根据逻辑关系可分为以下几种: 1.表并列或递进:常用连词是and和not only.but also(不仅而且)。 典句引领 He is not only the first Chinese to go to space,but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. 他不仅是第一个到达太空的中国人,而且是世界上最伟大的航天员之一。,雕词琢句 (1)If you are able to co

12、me with us,please let us know(我们将会等你) at the school gate at 9 in the morning. (2)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming sum-mer vacation(并且我想让你帮我一个忙). (3)剪纸是中国的传统之一,而且我确信你会喜欢它的。(2017课标全国),答案(1)and well wait for you (2)and I want you to do me a favor/help me (3)Paper-cutting

13、is one of Chinese traditions and I am sure you will like it.,2.表转折:常用的连词是but和yet。 典句引领 Secondly,voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors,but rather on how many social-networking resources they have.第二,这种投票并不取决于竞争者的优势,而是取决于他们掌握了多少社交网络资源。 雕词琢句 (1)Maybe the training i

14、s a bit difficult for you, (但是你可以迅速提高你的技能)through it. (2)Everyone in our society should help those in need,(但是更重要的是真诚).,答案(1)but you can improve your skills quickly (2)but it is more important to be sincere (3)I would love to go to a museum,but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.,(3)我想去

15、博物馆,但是我的同班同学绝大部分想去野餐。,3.表“选择”:用并列连词or,意为:否则。 典句引领 Hurry up,or youll be late for the meeting. 快点,否则你开会会迟到的。 雕词琢句 (1)Seize the opportunity,(否则你会后悔的). (2)I will respect the opinion of most students,(否则我很难和他们处好关系). 答案(1)or you will regret it (2)or its difficult for me to get along well with them,4.表原因:常

16、用的连词是for。 典句引领 He will recover soon,for he is young. 他很快就会恢复,因为他年轻。 雕词琢句 他阅读有困难,因为他的视力不好。 a:(for连接的并列句) b:(The reason is that.) c:(Thats because.),答案 a:He has trouble reading,for his sight is poor. b:He has trouble reading.The reason is that his sight is poor. c:He has trouble reading.Thats because

17、his sight is poor. 5.表对比:常用的连词是while。 典句引领 At school,some students are active while some are shy. 在学校,有些学生很积极,而有些学生很害羞。,雕词琢句 (1)Good habits can contribute to high learning efficiency,(而坏习惯效果却恰恰相反). (2)Some people are fond of enjoying movies at the cinema (而有些人更喜欢在网上看电影). 答案(1)while bad ones lead to

18、the opposite (2)while some prefer to watch movies on the Internet,三、句里乾坤,一锤定音定语从句在写作中的运用 在英语写作中使用复杂的句式是提高书面表达档次、增加语言亮点的主要途径之一,而定语从句就是复杂句式中的重要一项。因此,在写作中巧妙地运用定语从句可为我们的文章“增光添彩”。书面表达中定语从句的常用形式如下: 1.关系代词that、which、who、whom、whose或as引导的定语从句。 典句引领 This reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she

19、 can to let me have the best. 这使我想起了我的妈妈,她一直竭尽全力让我拥有最好的东西。 I can learn all the important things that have happened during the week.,我能够了解这周内发生的所有重要的事情。 As is known to us all,if we are in trouble,it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out. 众所周知,当我们处于困境中时,不是我们的手机而是我们的朋友能真正帮我们摆脱困境

20、。 雕词琢句 (1)用定语从句将句子整合为复合句 I am Li Jin.I am chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang Middle School. ,Team members are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions. It will benefit them a lot. Material collecting took us a whole week. During it we interviewed our teachers and took p

21、ictures of every aspect of school life. (2017北京) I am grateful to Mr. White. Without his help I couldnt have made so much progress in my English study. (2)用定语从句完成或翻译下面的句子 Finally,we took pictures with the old craftsman and the dough figurines (我们制作的).,This summer I intend to take up a part-time job

22、in a foreign company,(借助它我想开阔我的视野)and gain some working experience. (如图所示), the box-office income of Chi-nese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth slowed down in 2016. 任何感兴趣的学生都欢迎参加。(2016课标全国) 去年我参加了在北京举行的夏令营,这不仅开阔了我的视野,也提高了我的英语口语水平。,答案(1)I am Li Jin who/that is chairman of t

23、he Student Union in Chenguang Middle School. Team members are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions, which will benefit them a lot. Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. I am grate

24、ful to Mr. White, without whose help I couldnt have made so much progress in my English study. (2)that/which we made through which I would like to broaden my horizons As is indicated in the graph,Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. Last year, I joined the summer camp in Beijing,

25、 which not only broad-ened my horizons but also improved my oral English. 2.关系副词where,why和when引导的定语从句。 典句引领 The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her mom. 这张图片向我们展示了一个感人的时刻,一个小女孩过来迎接她的妈妈。,雕词琢句 (1)I will join the Dragon Boat Training Camp (在那儿我可 以参加各种活动). (2)学校已经创造了

26、一种可以让我们自由发展自己的爱好的氛围。 答案(1)where I can take part in various kinds of activities (2)The school has created an atmosphere where we can develop our own interests freely.,四、四大名花,锦上添花名词性从句在写作中的应用 名词性从句包括宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。在写作中我们可以巧用名词性从句来为我们的文章“锦上添花”。 1.主语从句在写作中的应用 典句引领 What I want to stress is that you

27、 should make it a rule to practice speaking Mandarin. 我想强调的是你应该养成练习说普通话的习惯。 雕词琢句 (1)(给我印象最深的) is his famous saying,“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”,(2)我们想做的第一件事是和老人们一起包饺子。 (3)我想推荐你旅游的地方是泰山。 答案(1)What impresses me most (2)What we want to do first is to make du

28、mplings with the elderly people. (3)What I want to recommend you to visit is Mount Tai.,2.宾语从句在写作中的应用 典句引领 I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.在帖子上我得知你想提高你的普通话水平。 雕词琢句 (1)I dont even know(是否有事情)to pay attention to. (2)I have been told (我们校队正在招收新队员). (2017课标全国),(3)一句多译:我知道

29、我是如何取得成功的。 a. (success) b. (succeed) c. (successful) d. (make it) 答案(1)if there is something (2)that our school team is recruiting new members (3)a.I know how I became a success/achieved my success. b.I know how I succeeded. c.I know how I became successful. d.I know how I made it.,3.表语从句在写作中的应用 典句引

30、领 From him,I realize the secret to success is not where you were born,but what you are doing in your life. 从他身上,我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你生于何处,而在于在生活中你在做什么。 雕词琢句 (1)The main reason for my choice is(我倾向于牺牲自己的利益) for the groups benefit.,(2)将下面的两个句子整合为含有定语从句和表语从句的复合句。 (3)那就是我认为长江之旅会是一个更好的选择的原因。(2017北京) 答案(1)that I

31、tend to sacrifice my own interest (2)The reason why I want to interview Yang Liwei is that he has made great contributions to the development of China. (3)That is why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.,4.同位语从句在写作中的应用 典句引领 There is no denying the fact that the environme

32、nt is getting polluted more and more seriously. 不可否认,环境污染越来越严重了。 雕词琢句 (1)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide,I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason(我喜欢阅读,并且有很多书).,(2)一句多译:多数人认为教育能改变一个人的命运。 a. (believe that.) b. (What.believe is that.) c. (hold the beli

33、ef that.) 答案(1)that I love reading and I own a large number of books (2)a.Most people believe that education can change ones fate. b.What most people believe is that education can change ones fate. c.Most people hold the belief that education can change ones fate.,五、强势出击,一句千钧强调形式在写作中的运用 在英语写作中有时为了强调

34、某一成分,突出表达效果,我们常常采用强调的形式。下面把写作中常用的强调形式做一下简要总结。 1.用感叹句来表示强烈的感情,突出说话人的情感。 典句引领 How time flies!时光飞逝! 雕词琢句 (1)于敏是一个多么无私的科学家啊! (2)当欣赏视频的时候,所有的人是多么的兴奋呀!,答案(1)What a selfless scientist Yu Min is! (2)How excited all the people were when they enjoyed the video. 2.用助动词“do/does/did+动词原形”对谓语动词进行强调。 典句引领 If you n

35、eed any further information,do let me know. 如果你需要进一步的信息,一定要让我知道。 雕词琢句 (1)Without hesitation,I decided to follow them and(我们的确玩得很高兴) that day. (2)我真的希望你能尽快返回天津。(2017天津),答案(1)we did have lots of fun/we did enjoy ourselves (2)I do hope you can return to Tianjin as soon as possible. 3.用强调句型“It is/was+被强

36、调的部分+that/who+其他部分”来对句子的主语、宾语和状语进行强调。 典句引领 It was not until the end of the 19th century that shooting became a sport. 直到19世纪末期射击才成为一项运动。 雕词琢句 (1)Not the story itself but what is reflected in the story counts. (用强调句型),(2)重要的是那些遵守规则的人。 (3)一句多译 正是由于我对运动的极大兴趣,我才密切关注将于8月末在天津举行的第13届全国运动会。 a.(because of) b

37、.(because),答案(1)It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. (2)It is the people who obey the rules that matter. (3)a.It is because of my great interest in sports that I pay close attention to the 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August. b.It is b

38、ecause I have great interest in sports that I pay close attention to the 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August.,4.通过使用such.that.,so.that.等固定搭配达到强调的目的。 典句引领 It was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. 这是如此美丽的一天以至于他们将永远记住它。 雕词琢句 (1)用倒装句升级下面的句子 The sights a

39、long the Yangtze River are so amazing that they appeal to visi-tors from all over the country. ,(2)(生活将会如此丰富多彩) in ten years that I will live more happily. 答案(1)So amazing are the sights along the Yangtze River that they ap-peal to visitors from all over the country. (2)Life will be so rich and vari

40、ed 5.通过使用排比、反复等修辞手法对句子进行强调。 典句引领 I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world;I love him because his poems let me enjoy the beauty of the English language;I admire him because his keen sights set me thinking and teach me how to lead a meaningful life!,【赏析】作者通过使用like,

41、love和admire三个动词使语气层层递进,通过使用三个because引导的排比句充分说明了自己喜欢他的原因。,六、活用非谓,句句精彩非谓语动词在写作中的运用 非谓语动词是高中的重要语法,运用它可以简化句子结构,使语言表达更加简洁和生动。 1.主语或宾语:动名词和不定式在句中可作主语或宾语 典句引领 I had trouble solving the problem,but I kept trying by using various ways. 解决这个问题对我来说有点难,但我利用不同的方法不断尝试。 雕词琢句 (1)Besides,well spend some fun time tog

42、ether(表演节目) such as(唱歌和跳舞)in order to make them happy.,(2)Whats worse,some drivers do not think it vital (遵守交 通规则). (3)有时候,放弃一点意味着获得更多。 (4)购买或下载一些听力材料将是一个好主意。 (5)在热烈讨论后,我们同意制作视频记录我们在学校的经历。(2017北京),答案(1)putting on performances;singing and dancing (2)to obey traffic rules (3)Sometimes giving up a litt

43、le can mean getting more. (4)It will be a good idea to buy or download some listening materials. (5)After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.,2.表语:过去分词、动词的-ing形式和不定式在句中可作表语 典句引领 So exciting was the news that we couldnt help jumping up.这个消息如此激动人心,以至于我

44、们都禁不住跳了起来。 雕词琢句 (1)Many questions have to be settled and much remains(被做) in our educational work. (2)My dream is(成为一名设计师)in 10 years.,(3)The news was (如此鼓舞人心)that we all felt very excit-ed after hearing it. (4)另外,沿河的风景令人惊叹。 答案(1)to be done (2)to become a designer (3)so inspiring (4)Moreover, the sc

45、enery along the river is amazing.,3.定语:过去分词、现在分词、动名词和不定式在句中可作定语 典句引领 I think the boy sitting at the table is very hard-working. 我认为坐在桌子旁的那个男孩很勤奋。 雕词琢句 用恰当的非谓语动词完成下面的句子 (1)It carries articles which were written by foreign friends about the cul-tures of their home countries.(2015课标全国) It carries artic

46、les about the cultures of their home countries.,(2)To be honest,I dont know the boy who is giving the speech. To be honest,I dont know the boy. (3)The meeting which will be held next week is of great importance. The meeting next week is of great importance. 答案(1)written by foreign friends (2)giving

47、the speech (3)to be held,4.宾语补足语:过去分词、现在分词和不定式(有时省略to)在句中可作宾语补足语 典句引领 My father encourages me to major in English in college. 我爸爸鼓励我在大学主修英语。 雕词琢句 (1)在空格处填入非谓语动词的恰当形式 Just then,the teacher found that the boy was cheating in the exam.,Just then,the teacher found the boyin the exam. Its said that an in

48、teresting film will be put on in the lecture hall. An interesting film is said in the lecture hall. Its reported that a hurricane has hit that village. A hurricane is reported that village. (2)这次参观能帮助我们提高关爱老人的意识。 答案(1)cheating to be put on to have hit,(2)This visit can help us raise the awareness of

49、 caring about the elderly. 5.状语:过去分词、现在分词和不定式在句中可作状语 典句引领 Entering the classroom,Ms. Li was surprised to find we were standing in a line,clapping hands and saying, “Happy Teachers Day!” 进入教室后,李老师惊讶地发现我们站成一排,拍着手说:“教师节快乐!” 雕词琢句 用非谓语动词改写下列句子 (1)Im writing you the letter and hope you can give me some he

50、lp. Im writing you the letter,. (2)I feel proud when I know your interest in Chinese history., I feel proud. (3)I am an outgoing girl,and I get along well with my classmates. ,I get along well with my classmates. (4)I was encouraged by what he had said and was determined to study harder than before.

51、 ,I was determined to study harder than before. (5)My English teacher entered the office and he was followed by 2 stu-dents. My English teacher entered the office, . (6)We got up early so that we could catch the first bus. ,we got up early.,(7)I hurried to the airport but found the plane had taken o

52、ff. I hurried to the airport the plane had taken off. (8)The boy is so young that he cant go to school. The boy is too young . 用非谓语动词翻译句子 (9)因为知道你渴望打乒乓球,所以我想知道你是否想加入。(2017课标全国) 答案(1)hoping you can give me some help (2)Knowing your interest in Chinese history (3)Being an outgoing girl,(4)Encouraged b

53、y what he had said (5)followed by 2 students (6)To catch the first bus (7)only to find (8)to go to school (9)Knowing you are keen on playing table tennis, I wonder if youd like to join. 6.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构在写作中的应用 典句引领 With the final exam approaching,we are all busy going over the lessons. 随着期末考试的临近,

54、我们都在忙着复习功课。,雕词琢句 用with的复合结构改写下面的句子 (1)Our school is surrounded by trees and it is very beautiful. ,it is very beautiful. (2)The dough figurine was finished and I was extremely excited. ,I was extremely excited. (3)Because there was nothing to do,we set out to play computer games. ,we set out to play

55、 computer games. (4)Because everything is considered,our new plan is more practical. ,our new plan is more practical. 用with的复合结构翻译句子,(5)随着大学入学考试的临近,我忙着为它做准备。 答案(1)With trees surrounding our school (2)With the dough figurine finished (3)With nothing to do (4)With everything considered (5)With the col

56、lege entrance examination approaching/drawing near, I am busy preparing for it.,七、倒装省略,风景独好倒装和省略在写作中的应用 倒装和省略是丰富句式、增加语言表现形式的重要手段。在写作中常用的倒装和省略形式主要有以下几种。 1.具有否定意义的词或介词短语或含有否定词的连词放于句首时句子要采用部分倒装。 典句引领 Not only can traveling relax us,but also it can broaden our horizons. 旅游不仅能使我们得到放松,而且可以开阔我们的视野。 Hardly

57、had he finished his talk when he was surrounded by the excited fans. 他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的粉丝们围了起来。,雕词琢句 (1)句型升级:用not only.but also.倒装结构升级下面的句子 The two-week communication has helped the Chinese students have a bet-ter understanding of English culture and made us become good friends. (2)句型转换 I didnt realise th

58、e importance of studying hard until I failed in the exam. (not until位于句首的倒装结构) (not until的强调句型),(3)单句翻译 你不仅可以欣赏剪纸的美,而且可以更多地了解中国。(运用倒装结构) 答案(1)Not only has the two-week communication helped the Chinese students have a better understanding of English culture,but also it has made us become good friends

59、. (2)Not until I failed in the exam did I realise the importance of studying hard. It was not until I failed in the exam that I realised the importance of studying hard. (3)Not only can you enjoy the beauty of paper-cutting, but also you can learn more about China.,2.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时,句子或主句要用部

60、分倒装。 典句引领 Only after all the fish died could the villagers realise the importance of pro-tecting the environment.只有所有的鱼都死光后,村民们才能意识到保护环境的重要性。 雕词琢句 (1)Only(你意识到英语的重要性时)can you put your heart into it. (2)只有努力学习,我们才能不断取得进步。(倒装结构),答案(1)when you realise the importance of English (2)Only if we study hard