组织学与胚胎学_组培_英语词汇表_双语

1、.GlossaryEpithelial Tissue ,epii:lil tiju上皮组织covering epithelium被覆上皮simple squamous epithelium skweims单层扁平上皮endothelium ,endui:lim内皮mesothelium ,mesui:lim间皮simple cuboidal epithelium kju:bidl单层立方上皮simple columnar epithelium klmn单层柱状上皮pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium假复层纤毛柱状上皮stratified s

2、quamous epithelium strtifaid复层扁平上皮transitional epithelium变移上皮cell coat细胞衣microvillus(microvilli) ,maikruvils微绒毛cilium(cilia) silim纤毛tight junction紧密连接intermediate junction中间连接desmosome dezmsum桥粒gap junction缝隙连接basement membrane基膜plasma membrane infolding plzm质膜内褶hemidesmosome半桥粒Connective Tissue结缔组织

3、connective tissue proper固有结缔组织loose connective tissue疏松结缔组织dense connective tissue致密结缔组织reticular tissue ritikjul网状组织adipose tissue dipus脂肪组织fibroblast faibrubl:st成纤维细胞macrophage mkrufeid巨噬细胞plasma cell浆细胞mast cell肥大细胞fat cell脂肪细胞ground substance基质collagenous fiber kldns胶原纤维elastic fiber弹性纤维reticula

4、r fiber网状纤维reticular cell网状细胞cartilage k:tilid软骨cartilage tissue软骨组织hyaline cartilage hailain透明软骨elastic cartilage弹性软骨fibrous cartilage/fibrocartilage纤维软骨chondrocyte kndrsait软骨细胞isogenous group aisdins同源细胞群perichondrium ,perikndrim软骨膜bone骨osseous tissue/bone tissue sis骨组织bone matrix骨质osteoprogenitor

5、 cell骨祖细胞osteoblast stiublst成骨细胞osteocyte stisait骨细胞osteoclast stiuklst破骨细胞circumferential lamella lmel环骨板osteone骨单位Haversian system哈弗斯系统interstitial lamella间骨板periosteum ,peri,stim骨外膜endosteum endstim骨内膜Blood 血液serum sirm 血清blood plasma 血浆Wrights stain 瑞氏染色hemocyte hi:msait 血细胞erythrocyte irirusait

6、红细胞hemoglobin(Hb) ,hi:mulubin, ,hem- 血红蛋白reticulocyte ritikjulusait 网织红细胞leukocyte lju:kusait白细胞granulocyte rnjulusait 有粒白细胞agranulocyte eirnjulusait无粒白细胞azurophilic granules grnju:ls嗜天青颗粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) nju:trfil 中性粒细胞eosinophil ,i:sinfil,-fail, -fil 嗜酸性粒细胞basophil beisfil 嗜碱性

7、粒细胞monocyte mnusait 单核细胞lymphocyte limfusait 淋巴细胞blood platelet pleitlit 血小板Muscle Tissue 肌组织muscle fiber 肌纤维sarcolemma ,s:kulem 肌膜sarcoplasm s:kplzm 肌浆sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆网skeletal muscle skelitl 骨骼肌epimysium ,epimisim 肌外膜perimysium ,perimiim, -zim肌束膜endomysium ,endmizim肌内膜striated muscle stra

8、ieitid横纹肌myofilament ,maiufilmnt 肌丝isotropic band ,aisutrpik I带anisotropic band n,aisutrpik A带sarcomere s:kmi 肌节myofibril ,maiufaibril 肌原纤维transverse tubule (T tubule) 横小管longitudinal tubule ,lnditju:dinl纵小管terminal cisternae t:minl sist:ni:终池triad traid, -d 三联体cardiac muscle k:dik心肌intercalated dis

9、c 闰盘diad daid 二联体smooth muscle 平滑肌Nervous Tissue 神经组织nervous cell 神经细胞neuroglial cell 神经胶质细胞neuron njurn 神经元soma sum 胞体neurite njurait 突起dendrite dendrait 树突axon ksn 轴突Nissls body 尼氏体neurofibril ,njurufaibril 神经原纤维neurofilament ,nurfilmnt 神经丝microtubule ,maikrutju:bju:l 微管synapsesainps, 突触axosomatic

10、 synapse 轴体突触axodendrite synapse 轴树突触chemical synapse 化学性突触presynaptic element ,pri:sinptik突触前成分synaptic vesicle vesikl 突触小泡synaptic cleft 突触间隙postsynaptic element 突触后成分glial cell lail 胶质细胞astrocyte strsait 星形胶质细胞oligodendrocyte liudendrsait 少突胶质细胞microglia maikrlai 小胶质细胞ependymal cell epend,meri 室管

11、膜细胞Schwanns cell 施万细胞neurilemmal cell ,njurlmtik 神经膜细胞satellite cell stlait 卫星细胞nerve fiber 神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber mailineitid, 有髓神经纤维unmyelinated nerve fiber 无髓神经纤维central axon ksn 轴索myelin sheath 髓鞘neurilemma 神经膜Ranviers node 郎飞结internode intnud 结间体nerve 神经epineurium ,epinjurim 神经外膜perineurium

12、 ,pernju:rim 神经束膜endoneurium ,pernju:rim 神经内膜sensory nerve ending 感觉神经末梢free nerve ending 游离神经末梢encapsulated nerve ending inkpsleitid 被囊神经末梢tactiletktail corpuscle k:psl 触觉小体lameller corpuscle k:psl 环层小体muscle spindle spindl 肌梭motor nerve ending 运动神经末梢somatic sumtik motor nerve ending 躯体运动神经末梢viscer

13、al visrl motor nerve ending 内脏运动神经末梢motor end plate 运动终板Circulatory System循环系统Cardiovascular system ,k:diuvskjul心血管系统 heart心walls of heart心壁endocardium ,enduk:dim 心内膜endothelium ,endui:lim内皮subendothelial layer lei内皮下层subendocardial layer心内膜下层Purkinje fibers浦肯野纤维 myocardium ,maiuk:dim心肌膜epicardium ,

14、epik:dim心外膜 artery :tri动脉medium-sized artery 中动脉muscular artery 肌性动脉tunica intima tju:nik intim内膜 internal elastic membrane内弹性膜 tunica media中膜 tunica adventitia ,dventii外膜external elastic membrane外弹性膜large artery大动脉elastic artery弹性动脉small artery小动脉arteriole :tiriu微动脉capillary kpilri, kpi-毛细血管continu

15、ous capillary连续性毛细血管fenestrated finestreitid capillary有孔毛细血管 discontinuous sinusoidal ,sinsidl capillary不连续毛细血管blood sinusoid血窦 vein vein静脉lymphatic ,limftik system 淋巴系统lymphatic capillary毛细淋巴管 lymphatic vessel vesl淋巴管 lymphatic trunks淋巴干 lymphatic ducts淋巴导管Immune imju:n System免疫系统lymphoid limfid or

16、gan淋巴器官central lymphoid organ中枢淋巴器官peripheral prifrl lymphoid organ周围淋巴器官lymphatic tissue淋巴组织diffuse lymphoid tissue弥散淋巴组织 lymphoid nodule ndju:l, -du:l淋巴小结immune cell 免疫细胞thymus aims胸腺capsule kpsju:l被膜interlobular septum小叶间隔thymocyte aimsait胸腺细胞epithelial reticular cell上皮网状细胞thymic epithelial cell胸

17、腺上皮细胞thymic corpuscle胸腺小体lymphoid node淋巴结trabecula小梁cortical sinus sains皮质淋巴窦subcapsular sinus被膜下淋巴窦peritrabecular sinus小梁周窦superficial ,sju:pfil cortex k:teks浅层皮质paracortex zone prk:teks 副皮质区thymus dependent area胸腺依赖区medullary cord medlri髓索medullary sinus髓窦spleen脾white pulp plp白髓periarterial lympha

18、tic sheath动脉周围淋巴鞘central artery中央动脉splenic corpuscle k:psl脾小结red pulp红髓splenic cord脾索splenic sinus脾窦marginal zone m:dinl边缘区 palatine pltain tonsil tnsil腭扁桃体mononuclear ,mnunju:kli phagocytic ,fsitik system单核吞噬细胞系统Digestive System消化系统digestive didestiv tract消化管mucosa mju:kus粘膜lamina propria固有层muscula

19、ris mucosa粘膜肌层submucosa粘膜下层muscularis肌层adventitia ,dventii外膜tongue t舌lingual liwl papilla ppil舌乳头filiform papilla丝状乳头fungiform filif:m papilla菌状乳头circumvallate ,s:kmvleit papilla轮廓乳头esophagus i:sfs食管stomach胃fundic fndik gland胃底腺chief cell主细胞zymogen cell zaimudn胃酶细胞parietal cell praiitl壁细胞oxyntic ksi

20、ntik cell泌酸细胞mucous mju:ks neck cell颈粘液细胞small intestine intestin小肠plicae plaik circularis环行皱襞absorptive bs:ptiv cell吸收细胞striated border纹状缘goblet cell杯状细胞endocrine cell endukrain,内分泌细胞small intestinal gland小肠腺Paneth cell潘氏细胞undifferentiated cell未分化细胞intestinal vilus肠绒毛large intestine大肠digestive glan

21、d消化腺pancreas pnkris胰exocrine portion ekskrain外分泌部pancreas islet ailit胰岛glucagon lu:kn胰高血糖素insulin insjulin胰岛素somatostatin,sumtsttin,生长抑素liverliv肝hepatic hiptiklobule/liver lobule/lbju:l/肝小叶hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocyteheptsait,肝细胞Kupffer cell库普弗细胞hepatic sinusoidsainsid肝血窦Dis

22、se space狄氏间隙perisinusoidal space窦周隙bile bailcanaliculus,knlikjuls胆小管portal canal area门管区interlobular vein小叶间静脉interlobular artery小叶间动脉interlobular bile duct小叶间胆管Respiratory resprtri,System呼吸系统tracheatrki:, treiki气管lungl肺conducting portion导气部lobar bronchusbrks叶支气管small bronchus小支气管bronchiolebrkiul细支气

23、管terminal t:minlbronchiole终末细支气管respiratoryresprtri, portion呼吸部respiratory bronchiole呼吸性细支气管alveolar lvil duct肺泡管alveolar sac肺泡囊pulmonary, plmnri acinussins肺泡alveolar epithelium肺泡上皮type alveolar cell型肺泡细胞type alveolar cell型肺泡细胞surfactants:fktnt表面活性物质alveolar septumseptm肺泡隔alveolar pore肺泡孔pulmonary m

24、acrophage肺巨噬细胞dust cell尘细胞blood-air barrier血气屏障respiratory membrane呼吸膜Urinaryjurinri System 泌尿系统kidney kidni 肾renalri:nl cortexk:teks 肾皮质renal medulla medl 肾髓质cortical labyrinth lbrin 皮质迷路medullary ray 髓放线uriniferous tubule 泌尿小管nephron nefrn 肾单位renal corpuscle 肾小体vascularvskjul pole 血管极urinary pole

25、尿极renal glomerulus lmerjuls 肾小球mesangium mesndim 血管系膜mesangial cell 系膜细胞mesangial matrixmeitriks 系膜基质renal capsule kpsju:l 肾小囊parietal layer praiitl 壁层visceral layer visrl 脏层capsular space 肾小囊腔podocyte pdsait 足细胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtrationfiltrein membrane 滤过膜filtration barrier 滤过屏障renal tubule 肾小管p

26、roximalprksiml tubule 近端小管thin segment semnt 细段distal tubule distl 远端小管pars convolute knv,lu:t 曲部pars recta rekt 直部proximal convoluted tubule 近曲小管brush border 刷状缘lateral process 侧突basal striation 基底纵纹distal convoluted tubule 远曲小管collection tubule 集合管juxtaglomerular ,dkstlmerjul complex 球旁复合体juxtaglo

27、merular apparatus ,preits 肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell 球旁细胞renin ri:nin, re- 肾素macula mkjul densa 致密斑extraglomerular mesangial cell 球外系膜细胞Skin 皮肤epidermis,epid:mis表皮dermisd:mis真皮stratumstreitm, basale基底层stratum spinosum棘层stratum granulosum颗粒层stratum lucidum透明层stratum corneumk:nim角质层melanocytemelnusait黑

28、素细胞Langerhans cell朗格汉斯细胞papillaryppilri layer乳头层reticular layer网织层hypodermis,haipud:mis皮下组织Eye 眼eyeball 眼球fibrous tunic tju:nik 纤维膜vascular tunic vskjul 血管膜retina retin 视网膜cornea k:ni 角膜corneal epithelium 角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina 前界层corneal stroma strum 角膜基质posterior limiting lamina 后界层corneal e

29、ndothelium 角膜内皮layers of retina 视网膜的分层pigment pimnt epithelium layer 色素上皮层layer of rods and cones 视杆视锥层layer of bipolar baipul cell 双极细胞层layer of ganglion cell lin 节细胞层pigment epithelial cell 色素上皮细胞visual cell vizjul 视细胞photoreceptor cell ,futurisept 感光细胞rod cell 视杆细胞cone cell kun 视锥细胞bipolar cell b

30、aipul 双极细胞ganglion cell 节细胞Endocrine System endukrain, -krin内分泌系统endocrine gland内分泌腺nitrogen- naitrdn containine hormone h:mun cell含氮激素细胞steroid secretory sikri:tri cell类固醇分泌细胞thyroid gland airid甲状腺thyroid hormone甲状腺激素follicular flikjul epithelial cell滤泡上皮细胞thyroglobulin ,airulbjuli iodination ,aiud

31、inein碘化的甲状腺球蛋白colloid klid胶体thyroxine airksi:n, -sin甲状腺素triiodothyronine(T3)三碘甲状腺原氨酸tetraiodothyronine(T4)四碘甲状腺原氨酸parafollicular cell滤泡旁细胞calcitonin ,klsitunin降钙素parathyroid ,prairid甲状旁腺chief cell主细胞parathyroid hormone甲状旁腺激素oxyphil cell嗜酸性细胞adrenal dri:nl gland肾上腺 zona glomerulosa球状带mineralocorticoi

32、d ,minrluk:tikid盐皮质激素aldosterone ,ldusterun醛固酮zona fasiculata束状带Glucocorticoid ,lu:kuk:tikid糖皮质激素corticosterone,k:tikstrun皮质酮zona reticularis网状带chromaffin krumfincell嗜铬细胞adrenalinedrenlin epinephrine,epinefrin肾上腺素norepinephrine/noradrenaline去甲肾上腺素pituitary gland pitju:itri垂体basophilic cell,beisfilik

33、嗜碱性细胞thyrotroph促甲状腺激素细胞thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin促甲状腺激素adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph促肾上腺皮质激素细胞adrenocorticotropindri:nu,k:tikutrpin促肾上腺皮质激素gonadotroph促性腺激素细胞 adenohypophysis,dnuhaipfisis腺垂体pars distalis 远侧部acidophilic cell,sidufilik嗜酸性细胞 somatotroph sumttruf生长激素细胞somat

34、otropin/growth hormone(GH)生长激素mammotroph/prolactin cell促乳激素细胞mammotropin,mmutrupin促乳激素 follicleflikl stimulatingstimjuleiti hormone(FSH)卵泡刺激素luteinizinglu:tiinaiz hormone(LH) h:mun黄体生成素interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH)间质细胞刺激素chromophobe cell嫌色细胞pars intermedia中间部melanotroph促黑素激素细胞melanocyt

35、e stimulating hormone(MSH)黑素细胞刺激素pars tuberalis 结节部neurohypophysis,njuruhaipfisis神经垂体 pars nervosa神经部pituicytepitju:isait垂体细胞Herrings body赫林体hypothalamus,haipulms下丘脑supraoptic nucleus,sju:prptik视上核paraaventricular nucleus室旁核vasopressin(VP) ,veizupresin加压素antidiuretic hormone(ADH) nti,daijuretik抗利尿激素

36、oxytocin(OT) ,ksitusin, -t-催产素 infundibulum,infndibjulm漏斗 Male Reproductive System ,ri:prdktiv 男性生殖系统testis testis 睾丸seminiferous tubule ,seminifrs 生精小管interstitial tissue 间质spermatogenic epithelium ,sp:mtudenik, 生精上皮spermatogenic cell 生精细胞spermatogonium ,sp:mtuunim, 精原细胞primar spermatocyte sp:mtusa

37、it, 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞spermatid sp:mtid 精子细胞spermatozoon ,sp:mtuzun 精子sustentacular cell ,sstentkjul, 支持细胞interstitial cell 间质细胞androgen 雄激素Female Reproductive System 女性生殖系统ovary uvri 卵巢superficial epithelium 表面上皮ovarian cortex k:teks 卵巢皮质ovarian medulla medl 卵巢髓质hilus cell hails 门细胞follicle flikl 卵泡primordial follicle praim:djl 原始卵泡primary cocyte 初级卵母细胞oogonium ,uunim 卵原细胞follicular cell flikjul 卵泡细胞primary follicle 初级卵泡zona pellucida 透明带corona krun radiata