高中英语语法宾语补足语20张

1、the Object Complement,宾语补足语,We found the ruins,most interesting,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,概念,宾语补足语,常常放在宾语之后，说明,宾语的,状态、特征,的成分,补充说明,宾语,怎么了,和宾语一起构成,复合宾语,1. We call,her,Jenny,2. The sun keeps,us,warm,3. He ordered,them,away,4. Make,yourself,at home,5. They wish,you,to go,with them,6. I heard,him,singing,7. Speak loud

2、er to make,yourself,heard,名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词,类型：可以用作宾语补足语的有,_,_,名词、形容词、副词、介词短语,动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词,n.,adj.,adv.,to do,doing,done,prep.,1,名词、形容词、副词和介词短语作宾语补足语,1) _,作宾语补足语,常见的能接名词作宾语补足语的动词有,consider, find,make, elect, name, call, think, choose,等,We _Lin Tao,monitor,of our class,我们选林涛当我们的班长,We

3、_ it,our duty,to help others,我们认为帮助别人是我们的职责,made,think,名词,They elected John _ of the committee,A. a chairman,B. chairmen,C. the chairman,D. chairman,当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的,头,衔、职位,时，前面一般,不用冠词,这些名词有,chairman / monitor / president / governor,mayor,等,2)_,和,_,作宾语补足语,常见的能接形容词和副词作宾语补足语的动词有,consider,get, mak

4、e, keep,等,Liu Ming finds_to practise speaking English,every day,刘明发现每天练习说英语很重要,Keep the dog _,让那条狗待在外面,形容词,副词,it,important,it,为形式宾语,out,3) _,作宾语补足语,常见的能接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词,短语,有,regard, treat, look on, consider, take, find,等,We regard labour,_ a matter of honour,我们认为劳动是光荣的,Keep the books _ the shelf,把书放在书

5、架上,介词短语,as,on,2,现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语,1)_,作宾语补足语表示动作,_,或,_,常见的能接现在分词作宾语补足语的,动词有,have, keep, catch, find, leave, get, see, watch,等,I heard them,_,an English song in the classroom,我听见他们正在教室里唱一首英文歌曲,I saw some peasants _trees over there,我看见一些农民正在那边种树,现在分词,singing,正在进行,状态的持续,planting,考题印证,2,2010,湖南高考,List

6、en! Do you hear someone _,for help,A,calling,B,call,C,to call,D,called,解析,选,考查非谓语动词。由,listen,可知，此处用,hear sb. doing sth,听到某人正在做某事,calling,在,句中是现在分词作动词,hear,的宾语补足语,A,2)_,作宾语补足语可表示,_,或动作,_,常见的能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有,have, keep,find, leave, get, make, see, watch,等,He found the room,_,他发现房间已被打扫过了,过去分词,cleaned,被

7、动完成,已完成,考题印证,3,3,1,2012,四川高考,Before driving into the city, you are,required to get your car _,A,washed,B,wash,C,washing,D,to wash,解析,选,考查非谓语动词。考查过去分词作宾语,补足语。此题中使役动词,get,后接的宾语,car,与作宾语,补足语的动词,wash,之间为被动关系，构成短语,get,sth. done,故选,A,项。句意：在驱车进城之前，你必须,将你的车洗了,A,3) _,作宾语补足语,带,to,的不定式。常见的能接带,to,的不定式作宾语补足,语的动词

8、有,warn, ask, invite, persuade, tell, order, beg,require, teach, force, encourage, allow, forbid,等,Miss White told me _on the wall again,怀特小姐让我不要再往墙上写字了,I warned Lin Tao _in the river alone,我警告林涛不要单独去河里游泳,不定式,not to write,not to swim,不带,to,的不定式。常见的能接不带,to,的不定式作宾语补,足语的动词有,感官动词,短语,see, look at, observe

9、, watch,notice, hear, listen to, feel,等和,使役动词,make, let, have,等,I noticed a strange man _the post office,我注意到一名古怪男子从邮局经过,Who had the little boy _the windows,是谁要那个小男孩擦洗窗户的,pass by,clean,3. Though he had often made his little sister,_, today he was made _ by his little sister,A.cry; to cry B. crying;

10、crying,C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry,A,五看,notice observe, see, watch, look at,三使,let, have, make,二听,hear, listen to,一感,feel,吾看三室,使,两厅,听,一感觉,点津,1,若感官动词和使役动词用于,被动语态,时，作主,语补足语的不定式,要带,to,He was made _ the car for the boss for free,他被迫为老板免费洗车,2,感官动词后接不定式作宾语补足语强调动作的,_,接现在分词作宾语补足语强调动作,_,试比较,I saw him,clean,th

11、e classroom,I saw him,cleaning,the classroom,to clean,全过程,正在进行,我看见他扫教室了,我看见他正在扫教室,二,either . or,和,neither . nor,的用法,1,either . or,意为,_,表示两者之一，连接句子中两个,_,的成分,When the girl is happy, she,_,sings,_,dances,那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳,点津,either.or,连接两个,_,时，其谓语动词应与,最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的,_,原则,Either you or I _ goi

12、ng there tomorrow,明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里,Either you or he _ lunch at school,或者,或者,；“不是,就,是,并列,either or,am,主语,就近,does,其一般疑问句应为,_ either you or I going there tomorrow,_ either you or he have lunch at school,是你还是他在学校吃午饭,Are,Do,考题印证,4,2009,湖南高考,Either you or one of your students_to,attend the meeting that is

13、due tomorrow,A,are,B,is,C,have,D,be,解析,选,考查主谓一致,either . or,连接两个代词,或名词作主语时，谓语动词依其最近的代词或名词确定,即谓语动词的形式遵循就近一致原则,B,2,neither . nor,表示,_,其含义是否定,的，可连接句中的两个并列的成分,She likes _ butter _ cheese,她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪,Neither dad nor mum _ at home today,今天父母都不在家,既不,也不,neither nor,is,若将,neither.nor,句型变为肯定句，只需把,neither.no

14、r,改为,both.and,即可，同时谓语动词必须,用复数形式,Both dad and mum _ at home today,今天父母都在家,are,neither,单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个,即,_,否定,Neither of them _ football,他们俩都不喜欢足球,当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一,类事时，可用,neither,或,nor,进行简略陈述，其结构,为,Neither / Nor,助动词,情态动词,be,动词,主,语,He doesn,t go to school by bike,_,他不是骑自行车上学，我也不,是,They didnt go t

15、o the park yesterday,_,昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去,likes,完全,Neither/ Nor do I,Neither/ Nor did I,主谓一致,主谓一致是指一个句子的,主语,和,谓语,动词在人称和数等方面要保持一致。主谓,一致一般要遵循三个原则，即,语法一致原,则、就近原则及逻辑意义一致原则,1,语法一致原则,语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持,一致,1,由,and,连接的两个名词作主语，表,示不同的人或事，谓语,动词用复数,and,连接的两个名词,指同一个人或物时，谓语动,词用单数,What he said and what he did_,h

16、ave/has) greatly encouraged the other students,他的话语和行为鼓舞了其他同学,The famous writer and poet _(give) a,talk twice a day,那位著名的作家兼诗人每两天作一场报告,have,gives,2,由,no . and no ., each . and each ., every . and,every ., many a,许多,. and many a,等构成复合主,语时,谓语动词用,单数,Every student and every teacher _ (be)in the,classroo

17、m,每个学生和每位老师都在教室里,No boy and no girl,_ (like,it,没有哪个男孩或女孩喜欢它,was,likes,3,主语中有,with, together with, along with, except, but, like, as,well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including,such as, as much as, in addition to,等引起的短语，适用于,就前原,则,Mr Green, together with his wife and children,_,h

18、ave,come to China,格林先生和妻子、孩子一起来到了中国,60 students as well as their Chinese teacher _ (be,going to Beijing tomorrow,明天,60,个学生和他们的语文老师都将去北京,has,are,考题印证,5,2012,陕西高考,The basketball coach, as well as his team,_ interviewed shortly after the match for their,outstanding performance,A,were,B,was,C,is,D,are,解

19、析,选,考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于杰出,的表现，在比赛之后不久，篮球教练和他的队员接受了,采访。主语后接,as well as, along with, together with,等构,成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。故此处,用单数谓语动词，排除,A,D,两项。根据语境判断，此处,表示过去的事情，故选,B,B,5,one of,复数名词”后的定语从句关系词作主语时，从,句,谓语动词用复数；而,the only one of,复数名词”后的,定语从句关系词作主语时，从句谓语动词却用单数,He is,one of,the students who _,have,been to,Sh

20、anghai,他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个,He is,the only one of,the student who _,have,been to,Shanghai,他是那些学生中唯一去过上海的,have,has,6,many a,more than one,和,one,名词单数,or,two,作主语时，谓语动词用单数,Many a,teacher _,have,that kind of,opportunity,很多老师都有那种机遇,More than one,person_,be,involved in this,与此事有牵连的人不止一个,One,spelling mistake,or

21、two,_,have,been,found in your composition,One or two,spelling mistakes _,have,been,found in your composition,has,is,has,have,考题印证,6,2010,陕西高考,It is reported that many a new house,_ at present in the disaster area,A,are being built,B,were being built,C,was being built,D,is being built,解析,选,考查语态和主谓一致。

22、句意：据报道,目前在灾区人们正在建设大量新房屋,many a,名词作,主语，谓语用单数，根据,at present,可知，时态为现在时,D,2,就近一致原则,在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语,保持一致,1,当两个主语由,either . or ., neither . nor,whether,or ., not only . but also ., not. but,连接时，谓语动词,和邻近的主语一致,_,be)either,you,or,he good at English,是你还是他擅长英语,Either you or he _(be) good at English,不是

23、你就是他擅长英语,Are,is,Not only,the students,but also,the,teacher _ (want)to go climbing,学生和老师都想去爬山,wants,2)there be,句型中,be,动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如,果其后是由,and,连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个,主语保持一致,There,_,two chairs and a desk in the room,There,_,a desk and two chairs in the room,房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子,are,is,3,逻辑意义一致原则,逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词中的数必须

24、和主语的意义一,致,因为有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形,式为复数，意义却为单数,1)all of, most of, a lot of, some of, half of, the rest of, plenty,of, part of, two,thirds of, the majority of,百分数等加名词,作主语时，谓语动词的,数应根据后面名词的数而定,The rest of,the boys,_,be,out,其他的男孩子出去了,All of,the work,_,have,been done,所有的工作都做完了,were,has,考题印证,7,7,1,2011,湖南高考

25、,One,third of the country _,covered with trees and the majority of the citizens,_black people,A,is; are,B,is; is,C,are; are,D,are; is,解析,选,考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家的三分,之一被树覆盖，而且大多数公民是黑人,one,third of,the country,指“一个国家的三分之一”，后面的谓语动,词应用单数形式,the majority,后面的,citizens,为复数意,义，故谓语动词用复数形式,A,7,2,2011,安徽高考,The factory

26、used 65 percent of the raw,materials, the rest of which _ saved for other,purposes,A,is,B,are,C,was,D,were,解析,选,考查主谓一致和时态。句意：这家工厂,使用了,65,的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。后半,句中的,the rest of which,中的,which,指的是,raw,materials,所以谓语动词用复数，再结合前半句中的时,态可判断,D,项正确,D,2)all,单独作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示物,时，谓语动词用单数形式,All,_,have,gone to

27、Beijing,所有的人都去了北京,All,_,be,going well,一切顺利,have,is,3,形复意单”的名词作主语时的主谓一致,表示时间、重量、距离、金钱等的名词作主语时，往,往看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数,Fifteen miles,_,seem,like a long walk to me,走十五英里对我来说好像太远了,One hundred dollars,_,be,not a large sum of,money,一百美元不算一大笔钱,seems,is,一些科学名词是以,ics,结尾，如,mathematics, politics,physics,以及,news, works,等，都属于形式上像复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用,单,数,形式,The paper works _(be)built in 1990,这家造纸厂建于,1990,年,I think physics _(be) not easy to study,我认为