高二升高三英语阅读专练之说明文 教师版

1、高二升高三 英语 阅读专练之说明文、议论文及应用文 （一） 2012 四川 E Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（预测）in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems. Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, chan

2、ging some living patterns, scientists say. Increased carbon dioxide（CO2）in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth. X kb 1. c m “Predicting species reaction to cl

3、imate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researches of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services. Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cy

4、cle studies The study, published on theand experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估）the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times. “Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance for both lea

5、fing and flowering that results from temperature increases,” the study said. The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said. Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthe

6、sis（光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet. Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979. So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of

7、planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this century a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels. 57. What is the key

8、 information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1? A. Plants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem. B. The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation. C. Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns. D. Food chains have been seriously d

9、amaged because of weather. Nature website that _. 58. We can learn from the study published on the A. plants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing B. there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents C. scientists should improve the design of the experiments D. the experiments failed to pred

10、ict how plants react to climate change 59. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because _. A. they can prove the climate change clearly B. they are very important in the food chains C. they play a leading role in reducing global warming D. they are growing and flowering much faste

11、r than before 60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature? A. It has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979. B. Its change will lead to weather extremes. C. It is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1990. D. It needs to be controlled within 2 in this century. 进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。文

12、章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前生长开花，本文为科普类文章。【本文要点】57. B 细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。 58. C 推理判断题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估）the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leaf

13、ing by 4 times”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。 59. B 细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。 60. D 推理判断题。从倒数第二段“has risen by about 0.8 since 1900

14、, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。 （二）2012浙江卷C Two friends have an argument that bleaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events h

15、appen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. Given that this is

16、 the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit? First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most viole

17、nt incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isnt in the sandwich,

18、 but in the way students deal with the conflict. Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-

19、calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fir On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control. After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows th

20、e two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speakers position. Then the two people should change roles. Finally, students need f. co

21、nsider what they are hearing. This doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the ot

22、her person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid off As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesnt, careful thought helps both sides figure out

23、a mutual solution. There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesnt mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, 4 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom;

24、 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill t

25、hat should be taught in schools across the country. 50. This article is mainly about . A. the lives of school children B. the cause of arguments in schools C. how to analyze youth violence D. how to deal with school conflicts 51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that_ . A. violence is more likely to oc

26、cur at lunchtime B. a small conflict can lead to violence C.students tend to lose their temper easily D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight 52. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5? To get ready to buy new things. B. To find out who to bl

27、ame. A. C. To make clear what the real issue is. D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match. 53. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that_. A. there was a decrease in classroom violence B. there was less student cooperation in the classroom C. more teacher

28、s fell better about themselves in schools the teacher-student relationship greatly improved D. 54. The writers purpose for writing this article is to_. B.teach students different strategies for school life A. complain about problems in school education C.advocate teaching conflict management in scho

29、ols D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence 【考点】日常生活类议论文【文章大意】 学生在学校和同学发生冲突在所难免，那么究竟该如何应对呢？本文进行了分析并给大家提供了一些有效的应对策略。 50.【答案】D 【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句Given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars,

30、 or stay physically fit?和整体理解，可知答案D符合文意。 51.【答案】B 【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的整体理解，一个小小的三明治都可以导致学生间冲突，由此可以以推知答案B符合文意。 52.【答案】C 【试题解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段的第二句：It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.，可以推断出答案C符合文意。 53.【答案】A 【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句：4 percent of the teac

31、hers reported less physical violence in the classroom;可知答案A符合文意。 54.【答案】C 【试题解析】目的意图题。根据文章第一段的最后一句Given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?可知答案C符合文意，其它各项均不符合文意，故排除。 【难度】一般 【长难句解析】Given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?鉴于事实情况确实如此，那么我们为什么不像教学生算数学、开车或者保持健康那样来教育学生应对同学间的冲突和摩擦呢？they are taught to solve math problems是定语从句，关系