英语时态(全).ppt

1、Verb: a content word that denotes an action or a state,Verb,aspect (体态),voice (语态),mood (语气),tense (时态),Tense,1. A general survey of English tenses 2. The ten commonly-used tenses, Tense and aspect Tense (时态): a grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time and aspect. Time: pas

2、t time, present time, future time it sometimes rains a lot. 4. 她几乎从来不在午夜之前就寝。She hardly ever (almost never) goes to bed before midnight. 5. 我通常投民主党的票，而我的室友几乎总是投共和党的票。I usually vote for a Democrat, but my roommate almost always votes for a Republican. 6. 我听说老亨利昨晚死了。 I hear that Old Henry died last ni

3、ght. 7. 巴特尔把球传给姚明。姚明投篮！好球！ Bater passes the ball to Yao Ming. Yao shoots! A fine shot!,simple past，past indefinite tense 表示过去某时间的动作或状态。 谓语动词形式：规则（V-(e)d）、不规则 past time present time future time,2. 一般过去时,1) past time the event / state past: a single event or state happening or existing at a definite p

4、oint or period of time in the past. The children went out just now. Marys grandfather died ten years ago. adverbials of past time (then, at that time, just now, three days ago) or adverbial clause of past time introduced by when, while. the habitual past: a habitual or recurrent action in the past.

5、He came to see me every day last week. My father worked in a chemical plant all his life., adverbials of place indicating a past time: I lost my wallet at the theatre. Where did you get this red tie? simple past: having no connection with the present moment, no longer existing: My father was a gener

6、ous man.,2) present and future time the attitudinal past (表态性过去时): a question, request, suggestion, etc. I wondered if you could lend me your car. Did you want it? the hypothetical past (假设性过去时): non-fact in that-clauses following such structures as “Its time ”, “I wish ”, “Id rather ” and unlikely-

7、to-be-fulfilled condition in adverbial clauses. It is about/really/quite time we returned home. How I wish you were here with us! If she loved him, she would marry him. He talks as if he was/were a professor.,present continuous/progressive tense 谓语形式：由be的适当形式（am, is, are) + v-ing an action in progre

8、ss at the moment of speaking / at a period of time including the present They are making an experiment now. Professor Wang is attending an international conference in Paris. a planned/arranged future happening v.: go, come, leave, arrive, begin, end adverbials of future time He is coming here next w

9、eek and is staying here until August.,3. 现在进行时, an action in the immediate past communication verbs: tell, talk, say, exaggerate, I dont know what you are talking about. a polite request v.: hope, wonder Im hoping youll give us some advice. Im wondering if I may have a word with you. Cf. I wondered

10、if you could lend me your car., 注意： 1）不用于进行时态的动词： (1)表示事实状态的动词 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 e.g. I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. (2)表示心理/感觉状态的动词 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recogni

11、ze, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 e.g. I need your help. He loves her very much. He is listening to the radio, and he hears the speech of the president.,(3)瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse e.g. I accept your advice. (4)系动词 see

12、m, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。 e.g. You seem a little tired. 这些动词转其他意思使用时，有些可用于进行时态了。 e.g. I am seeing Mary tomorrow. He is thinking about the problem. He is feeling for matches., 注意： 2）短暂进行时（momentary continuous） be的进行时态+ 动态形容词（dynamic adjective）有时可表示在某一相对短暂时刻人们的

13、活动和行为。 You are being foolish. I know Im being selfish. He is being generous. 3）习惯进行时（habitual continuous） 现在进行时有时可与always, constantly, forever等词连用，含有感情色彩，常常用于表示某种令人不悦的情况。 You are always finding fault with me. John is forever losing things.,past continuous/progressive tense 谓语形式：was/were + v-ing an a

14、ction in progress at a definite point or period of past time adverbials of past time: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while We were talking about you a moment ago. I was playing the piano when she came in. I was learning Japanese in those mon

15、th.,4. 过去进行时, a past habitual action He was getting up at five every day that week. (temporariness) Cf. He got up at five every day. He was constantly/always/forever worrying about a very small thing. (annoyance/disapproval) a planned/arranged future happening in the past They were leaving a few day

16、s later., a polite request verbs: hope, wonder, want I hope you can send me some books. I hoped you could send me some books. I am hoping you can send me some books. I was hoping you could send me some books. hypothetical meanings in clauses after I wish, Id rather, its time, etc. and conditional cl

17、auses. I wish they were not talking so loudly. If they were leaving tonight, Id like to go with them. It is time we were leaving. (=It is time we left.),politer,注：过去进行时可用于描述一件事发生的背景： 一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left

18、the station. 典型例题 1） Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 2） As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read；fell 过去进行时还常常用于对故事中情节的描述。 It was a dark night and a strong wind was blowi

19、ng.,simple future, future indefinite tense 表示相对于讲话时间将要发生的动作或情况（futurity: the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future ）。 future tense Vs. future time?,5. 一般将来时,表示将来时间的形式： will / shall + v. all three persons (AmE) first person (BrE) 常跟一个表示将来时间的状语（so

20、on, next week, tomorrow )。 e.g. Next month, my daughter will be eighteen. I will (shall) return you the book as soon as possible. It will rain later. model meanings (情态意义): prediction, willingness / volition, intention: Will we clone a dinosaur? What will be the 10 hottest jobs? All right, Ill forgi

21、ve you. If you ask him, he will help you. I will say no more on these matters, important though they are. Will you join me for a drink?,(prediction),(willingness),(intention),表示将来时间的其它形式： 1) be going to do: What are you going to do this evening? Close your eyes. Im going to give you a surprise. The

22、traffic is terrible. Were you going to be late. Oh, my dear! Theyre going to bump against that tree!, 表示最近打算要做的事情（intention）。,表示预见有迹象表明要发生的事情（prediction）。,Cf. be going to unfinished: action/state extending） 谓语形式：had + v-ed John had learned some Chinese before he came to China. By the end of last yea

23、r, I had worked in this college for ten years. He found the book that he had lost. 常用一个由by, before等介词或连词引导的表示到过去某一时间为止的时间状语。 这一时态常用于宾语从句或定语从句及由when/before/after/until等引导的从句中。,10. 过去完成时,Hypothetical meanings (imaginary use) (1) In if, if only, as if, I wish, Id rather clauses: a hypothetical conditio

24、n, a unlikely wish, a non-fact: p143 (2) In clauses with such verbs as intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think, propose, wish, etc.: unfulfilled wish/intention: I had intended to see you, but I was busy. She had hoped that he would come to date her, but he didnt show up. A: Are you gl

25、ad you came to China? B: Yes. Indeed. Id considered going to Tokyo or Singapore, but Ive never regretted my decision.,future perfect(ive) tense 构成：will have done 通常用于by+ 将来的某一时间 用法： a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的 动作之前，已经完成的动作。 Y

26、ou will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.,将来完成时,The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising,1. You will hardly believed it, but this is the third time tonight someone _ me.