B3Module 3　The Violence of NatureGrammar 导学案 （2）

1、B3Module 3 The Violence of NatureGrammar 导学案 （2）高一英语组一语法突破探究过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语过去完成时的被动语态是历年高考热点的考查内容。学习时要牢牢记住过去完成时的被动语态的意义和构成。间接引语主要考查tell, say, ask等后面的宾语从句的语序和时态、语态。. 过去完成时的被动语态【观察领悟】 By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed.Coghlan travelled back to Canadaafter he had been

2、buried in Texas! By the end of last year, 20, 000 cars had been produced. 【自我归纳】 1. 构成：_。2. 意义：某_在过去某时或某动作之前已发生或一直发生。在句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。【拓展延伸】 过去完成时的被动语态的用法：1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought，found等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。She said (that) she _ _ _ _ _Paris. 她说从来没有人

3、领她参观过巴黎。(she和show之间是被动关系，且show这个动作发生在said之前，所以用过去完成时的被动语态)2. before, by the time, until , when, after, once, as soon as等引导的状语从句中的谓语是一般过去时，以及by， before, until后面接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。By the time he was twelve, my brother _ _ _ to America. 我哥哥12岁前就已经被送到了美国。(by the time相当于befo

4、re，表示“在之前”，从句中的动作表示过去，主句中的send这个动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以用过去完成时的被动语态)100 cars _ _ _ by the end of last year. 到去年年底我们已生产出100辆汽车。(此处表示在去年年底之前，且主语cars和谓语动词produce之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态)【活学活用】1. 用所给动词的准确形式填空When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother _ already _ to hospital. (send)We _ five English songs b

5、y the end of last term. (learn)By the end of 1976, many buildings _ in the city. （build）2. 单项填空George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding? No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invitedD. didnt invite (2012四川高考)They are li

6、ving with their parents for the moment because their own house _. A. is being rebuiltB. has been rebuiltC. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt . 间接引语【观察领悟】 She said, “I am very happy to help you. ”She said that she was very happy to help me. He asked me, “Do you like playing football? ”He asked me if/whether

7、I liked playing football. The captain ordered, “Be quiet. ”The captain ordered us to be quiet. He asked Lucy, “Where did you go? ”He asked Lucy where she went. 【自我归纳】 1. 直接引语：_间接引语：_。2. 直接引语是_别人的原话，放在引号内；间接引语是自己的话加以_，被转述的话不放在引号内。 【拓展延伸】 直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等。1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，

8、由连词_引导。She said, “I am very happy to be with you. ” She said (_) she was very happy to be with me. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语，由连词_或_ 引导。He asked me, “Do you like watching TV? ”He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV. 注意：大多数情况下， if和whether 在引导宾语从句时可以互换，但后紧跟or not时, 一般只用whether。例如：She asked me whether o

9、r not he could do the work. / She asked me whether he could do the work or not. 3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的连接词who, whom, what, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。4. 直接引语是祈使句，其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气)，tell(一般语气)，order (命令语气)或warn, advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成。例如：He said, “Please come here again tomorrow. ”He _

10、 me to go there again the next day. 5. 直接引语变间接引语时，如果引述动词为过去式，需注意时态要“向后退一步”：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 (过去完成时时态不变) 情态动词也要变成相应的过去式： cancould; maymight; mustmust/had to【名师指津】 1. 直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，主句尽管是过去时态，变成间接引语时，时态仍然用一般现在时态。2. 直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要

11、作相应的变化。但是，如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方，或在说话的当天，就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等。总之, 对这些变化不能机械理解，应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化。3. 间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。 【活学活用】1. 句型转换。(直接引语变间接引语)“A friend in need is a friend indeed, ”mother said to me. _Father said to me, “Come back before 10: 00. ”_The government reported, “Several earthquakes have ta

12、ken place in this area. ”_He said, “What a beautiful girl she is! ”_The teacher said, “Columbus discovered US in 1492. ”_2. 用正确的词填空“I never eat meat. ” he said. He said that _ never _ meat. “I took it home with me. ” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her. “I met her yesterday. ” he said to

13、me. He _ me that he _ met her the day _. “You must come here before five. ” he said. He said that I _ _ go _ before five. 3. 单项填空(2012北京高一检测)John asked his mom _. A. where did she put his coat B. where she put his coatC. did she put his coat whereD. where was she putting his coat(2012重庆高一检测)These sh

14、oes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost 三课时达标训练. 用所给动词(短语)的正确形式填空 1. I _ (clean) the clothes before you came back. 2. She _ (leave) already when you arrived. 3. She told us she _ (not be) to Beijing yet. 4. He

15、asked me how many books _ (read) already. 5. He said that when to leave _ (decide). . 句型转换1. She said, “Are you from the south? ” She asked _ I _ from the south. 2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie. ”Mom _ me _ _ tell a lie. 3. Mr. Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” Mr. Paul _ us t

16、hat light _ faster than sound. 4. He asked, “How do you find it, mother? ”He asked his mother _ _ _ it. . 单项填空1. (2012晋江高一检测)If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken2. (2012抚州高一检测)He asked Tom, “Have you finished your home

17、work? ” He asked Tom _. A. if had he finished his homeworkB. whether he had finished his homeworkC. if he had finished your homeworkD. if you had finished your homework3. (2012枣庄高一检测)Mary went to the booking office at lunchtime, but all the tickets _ out. A. would sellB. had soldC. have sold D. were

18、 selling4. He said, “Dont do that again. ” He _ me _ that again. A. said to; not to do B. said to; dont doC. told; dont do D. told; not to do5. On hearing the news that her lost daughter _, the excited mother burst into tears. A. were foundB. has been found C. would be foundD. had been found6. It is said that the old coins _ under the earth for about 100 years by the time they were discovered. A. had buriedB. had been buriedC. buried