(完整版)虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题(最新整理)

1、虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句if1. 动词过去式(或 were)2. 助动词（过去式）+动词原形shouldwould+动词原形couldmightifhad the time, john would make a trip to china to see the great wall. if i were you, i would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句if

2、1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were to+动词原形shouldwould+动词原形couldmightif you should lose, what would you do?连接词条件从句结果从句ifhad+过去分词shouldwould+ have+过去分词couldmightif i were to see her tomorrow, i would tell her thetruth. if you went there next time, you would see what i mean. 三、与过去事实相反if id dnown that it was

3、going to rain, i would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉 if 的条件从句结构：had you asked me, i would have told you.(=if you had asked me,)2. 有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如： a true friend would not do such a thing. (=if he were a true friend, he.)(=if there were no water,)(

4、=if you hadnt helped me,)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：if he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. if i were you, i would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order,devid

5、e, ask, move, propose 等+that(should )+动词原形注意：在此结构中 that 不可省略；should 省不省均可。he suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。he made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果 that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。he insists that he is right.2、it is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that

6、引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative, advisable,it is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that(should) essential, strange,等动词完成式+动词原形it is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders. it is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish 的用法动词过去式或 were与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式与过去事实

7、相反助动词过去试+动词原形与将来事实相反i wish i were a pop singer.(=i am sorry i am not a pop singer.)i wish i had never stopped teaching.(=i am sorry i stopped teaching.) i wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish 与 hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） we hope they will come

8、,(we dont know if they can come.)（2） we wish they could come,(we know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如： he acts as if nothing had happened.i would rather you didnt tell him.5、its (high) time that+动词过去式或 should+动词原形，如：its time (that) you had a hair cut.its

9、 high time (that) we took some action.虚拟语气专项练习一（）1. if iyou, i would go by plane. flying is much faster.a. beb. wasc. wered. am（）2. i do not think those people are really english. if they were, theyspeak wish french accents.a. dontb. will notc. mustntd. wouldnt（）3.today, would we be able to get ther

10、e by tuesday?a. were we leavingb. if we leavec. would we leaved. were we to leave（）4. if jonetomorrow, what would you do?a. were not to comeb. will not comec. would not comed. had not come（）5. “she didnt ask me, so i didnt help her?”“you mean to say, you wouldve helped her ?”a. if she asked youb. if

11、 she were to ask youc.had she asked youc. were she to ask you（）6. they took the injured straight to the hospital. otherwise some of them.a. might have diedb. might diec. would died. could die（）7. if they had known him,to him?a. would they have talkedb. would they talkc.had they talkedd. they would t

12、alk（）8. if i lived in the city, itraveal in croweded buses, but ito see lots offilms.a. shall have to/shall be ableb. shall have to/am ablec. would have to/were abled. would have to/would be able（）9. i would have gone to the concert, if itime.a. had hadb. have hadc. hadd. would have had（）10.i know i

13、t, i would have told you.a. haveb. ifc. hadd. having（）11.your help, i would not have succeeded.a. becauseb. because ofc. butd. but for（）12. “what did mr smith say about his career?”“only that if hea millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”a. did not becomeb. had not becomec. does not becomed. has

14、not become（）13. “why didnt you help him?”“i would havei didnt have the money.”a. stillb. butc. otherwised. or（）14. “who should go to see li ying? he is ill today.”“i suggest wang hong.”a. goesb. would goc. god. went（）15. the housemaster was strict. he requested that wetelevision on week nights.a. no

15、t watchb. must not to watchc. not be watchingd. have not watch（）16. i cant speak japanese, but i do wish i.a. canb. couldc. hadd. speak（）17. “are you enjoying your stay here?“yes, very much. i wish ihave to leave so soon.”a. wontb. dontc. mustntd. didnt（）18. “what will you do during the summer holid

16、ays?” “i dont know, but its about timeon something.”a. im decidingb. ill decidec. i decidedd. id decided（）19. id rather youanything about it for the time being.a. sayb. didnt sayc. dont sayd. not say（）20. “why do you have to be there at six?” “the teacher demands that everyonein his seat at six.”a.

17、would beb. can bec. bed. will be（）21. he makes a note of the assignment lest heit.a. forgetsb. forgetc. will forgetd. will not forget（）22. “how does the librarian act?”“he acts as if hea walking dictionary.”a. wereb. bec. isd. has been（）23. there is a law that drunken driversseverely punished.a. wer

18、eb. arec. bed. will be（）24. i wish youinterrupt when im talking on the phone.a. will notb. would notc. do notd. did not（）25. henry talks to his dog as if ithim.a. understandsb. understoodc. understandd. would understand（）26. jeff looked as if hea ghost.a. sawb. has seenc. had seend. would see（）27. g

19、ive her my best regards,.a. should you see her todayb. if you saw her todayc. if you would see her todayd. should you have seen her today（）28. there was a suggestion by the teachers that the meetingpostponed for a week.a. had beenb. would bec. wasd. should be（）29. it is highly desirable that every e

20、ffortto reduce pollution in bei jing.a. was madeb. be madec. will be maded. would be made（）30. the manager would rather that his wifework in the same office as he dose.a. does notb. did notc. would notd. will not（）31. the teacher insisted that we allback by two oclock.a. beb. to bec. would bed. shal

21、l be（）32. i didnt go to the football match, but i do wish ithere.a. wentb. wasc. wered.had been（）33. it is high time wedrug trafficking.(贩毒)a. did away withb. do away withc. did awayd. should do away with虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案（1）c(2) d(3) d(4) a(5) c(6) a(7) a(8) d(9) a(10) c(11) d(12) b(13) b(14) c(15) a(16

22、) b(17) d(18) c(19) b(20) c(29) b(21) b(30) b(22) a(31) a(23) c(24) b(25) b(26) c(27) a(32) d(33) a(28) d关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点1. 如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致,这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气. 其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.1) if i had taken the medicine, i would be better now.如果我服用了那种药的话,现在就会好些了.2) if the weather ha

23、d been finer, the crops would be growing still better.如果(前些日子)天气更好些, 庄稼一定会长得更好.2. if it were not for / had not been for也是一种条件虚拟语气从句,译为 “要不是因为”.1) if it hadnt been for the doctor, he wouldnt have recovered so soon.2) if it were not for the lack of space, we would hold the sports meet today.3. 有些条件是由一

24、些短语引出的 (but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,)1) we couldnt have achieved so much without your help (= if we had not had your help).2) without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.3) with better equipment, we could have done it better.4) but for electricity (= if there were no el

25、ectricity), there would be no modern industry.5) i should have returned the book last week, but i was so busy that i forgot to do so.6) he was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.7) he felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.4. 在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中, 虚拟语气可通

26、过上下文表现出来. 谓语动词用虚拟形式.1) any men in his position would have done like that.2) you should (ought to) have come earlier.虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用在有些情况下, 条件从句中的谓语由”should + 原形动词” 构成, 这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气, 也可以是祈使语气.1. if it should rain, the plan will / would be called off.2. should anyone phone, please tell them im

27、 busy.3. even if (if) it should get stormy, i will go.表示要求, 建议, 命令的虚拟语气表示要求, 建议, 命令的从句中, 谓语动词要用 should + 原形动词, 其中可以 should 省略. 下列例句可以表示这种虚拟语气.a. 主宾语从句表示法: suggest, order, request, advise, require, insist, ask, demand, command, propose 等动词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词 should + 原形动词, 可以省略.1. the doctor advised that i

28、 (should) take a rest.2. the london dockers demanded that their wages (should) be raised.3. he insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.l 当 suggest, insist 等动词表示”暗示, 坚持说” 时, 其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气, 要用陈述语气.1. are you suggesting that i am not suited for the job?2. he insisted that he was innocen

29、t.b. 主语从句表示法: 当以上动词用在下列句型中时, 主语从句也应该用 should + 原形动词1. it is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.2. it is ordered that the work (should) be started at once.l 在 it is (was) strange (necessary, wonderful, important, etc.) that句型中, strange, necessary 等后面的主语从句中用 should + 原形动词, should 可以省略

30、.3. it is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the party.4. it is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.5. it is important that we should learn from toehrs.e. 表语从句表示法.suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand 等名词作主语时,其后面的表语从句中也用虚拟语气, 即should +原形动词, should 也可以省略.1) my advice is

31、 that you (should) give up smoking.c. wish 后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气.e.g.i wish thatshe were here with me and that we werent sick.i wish i had sent the old man to hospital in time.d. 在 as if 引起的从句中,动词一般用虚拟语气, 通常用 weree.g. people treat me as if i were a dangerous person.i remember the whole thing as if it

32、happened yesterday.f. 同位语从句表示法.that evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.虚拟语气中常见的句型有1. it is (high / about) time that 这一从句的谓语动词用过去式或 should + 原形动词, 其中 should 不可以省略. 此句型译为”该是时候了”.2. would rather sb. did sth. / had done sth.此句型表示”宁愿让某人”, 如果是没有发生的动作, 从句用过去时; 如果是已经发生的事, 从句用过去完

33、成时. 1) id rather you left tomorrow.2) id rather they hadnt gone to school yesterday.3. if only 此句型表示”要是就好了”. 其后面句子的时态与wish 引导的宾语从句相同, 既:如果虚拟现在, 要用一般过去时; 如果是虚拟过去, 要用过去完成时; 如果是虚拟将来, 则应该用 would 或could 加原形动词.1) if only i were a bird!2) if only i had worked hard as a student! 3) if only i could land on t

34、he moon!4. 连接词 in case 可用来引起的虚拟语气. 形式通常为: in case + 主语 + should +动词原形. in case 句中should 的可以省去, 也可以不用虚拟语气, 而用陈述语气.1) he took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.2) he doesnt dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.虚拟语气专项练习二20. the sun rises in the east and sets in the w

35、est, so it seems as if the sunround the earth.a. were circlingb. circlesc. is circlingd . be circling21. i wish that iwith you last night.a. wentb. have gonec. could god. could have gone22. i wish iwith her.a. would beb. amc. wasd. were23. i wish that ithe concert last night.a. couldb. have attended

36、c. could have attendedd. attended24. the picture exhibition bored me to death. i wish ito it.a. had not goneb. have not gonec. did not god. can not have gone25. i wish youme to put these things away, he said.a. will helpb. helpc. are helpingd. would help26. if the watergate incidentnixon would not h

37、ave resigned from the presidency.a. did not occurb. had not occurredc. was not occurringd. be circling27. i hadnt expectedjames to apologize but i had hoped .a. him calling meb. that he would call mec. him to call med. that he call me28. george would certainly have attended the meeting,.a. if he did

38、nt get a flat tireb. if the flat tire hadnt happenedc. had he not had a flat tired. had the tire not flattened itself29. the teacher suggested that her studentsexperiences with esp.a. write a composition on theirb. to write composition about thec. wrote some compositions of his or herd. had written

39、any compositions for his30. he speaks chinese as fluently as if hea chinese.a. wereb. had beenc. isd. has been31. as usual, he put on a show as though his tripa great success.a. had beenb. has beenc. wered. was32. looking round the town, he felt as though heaway for ages.a. has beenb. wasc. isd. had

40、 been33. john is so strongly built that he looks as if heas elephant.a. liftsb. is liftingc. liftedd. could lift34. he described the town as if heit himself.a. had seenb. has seen c. sawd. sees35. at that thought he shook himself, as though hefrom an evil dream.a. wokeb. wakesc. would waked. had wok

41、e36. most insurance agents would rather youanything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.a. dob. dontc. didntd. didnt do37. although most adopted persons want the right to know whotheir natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.a.

42、hadntb. didnt have hadc. hadnt had d. hadnt have38. it is important that the toefl officeyour registration.a. will confirmb. confirmc. confirms d. must confirm39. without electronic computers, much of todaysadvanced technology.a. will not have been achievedb. have not been achievedc. would not have

43、been achievedd. had not been achieved40. he speaks chinese as fluently as if hea chinese.a. wereb. had beenc. isd. has been41. it is time that the governmentmeasures to protect the rare birds and animals.a. takesb. tookc. has takend. taking42. some people are too particular about school records, ins

44、isting that every applicantall diplomas from elementary school to university.a. hasb. will havec. should haved. must have43. he was very busy yesterday, otherwise heto the meeting.a. would comeb. camec. would have come d. had come44. i must say he reads very well, and i shouldnt be surprised if heac

45、ting for a living one day.a. had taken upb. takes upc. have taken upd. would have taken up45. if i had seen the movie, iyou all about it now.a. would tellb. will tellc. have told d. would have told46. i hadnt expectedhenry to apologize but i had hoped .a. him to call me upb. him calling me upc. that

46、 he would call me upd. that he will call me47. i had hoped that johna year in africa, but he stayed there only for three months.a. spendsb. spentc. would spendd. will spend48. i had hoped that jennifera doctor, but she wasnt good enough at science.a. will becomeb. becamec. would become d. becomes49.

47、 id rather youanything about it for the time being.a. dob. didnt doc. dontd. didnt50. id just as soonrudely to her.a. that you wont speakb. you not speakingc. you not speakd. you didnt speak51. its high time theythis road.a. mendb. mendedc. must have mended d. will mend52. its about time peoplenotic

48、e of what women did during the war.a. takeb. tookc. have takend. will take53. everybody has arrived. its time wethe class.a. shall startb. would startc. had startedd. start54. the english examination i would have gone to the concert last sunday.a. in spite ofb. but forc. because ofd. as for55. marym

49、y letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.a. has receivedb. ought to have receivedc. couldnt have receivedd. shouldnt have received56. john did not feel well yesterday; otherwise heto see his classmates off.a. cameb. would comec. would have comed. should be coming57. hes working hard for

50、 fear that he.a. should fall behindb. fell behindc. may fall behindd. would fall behind58. without the dreams of the youth, this invention mightfor a century.a. have been postponedb. has been postponedc. postponed. be postponed59. in the past men generally preferred that their wivesin the home.a. wo

51、rkedb. would workc. workd. were working60. for a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child psychologically ready for the new idea.a. isb. werec. bed. would be61. toms father, as well as his mother,in new york for a few days more.a. ask him to stayb. ask

52、he to stayc. asks he staysd. asks he stay62. your advice thattill next week is reasonable.a. she waitsb. she waitc. wait shed. she waited64. it was essential that we lease before the end of the month.a. singb. singedc. had signedd. were signing65. it is appropriate that some timethorough study of th

53、e results of the apollo mission.a. devotes tob. devoted toc. is devoted tod. be devoted to参考答案20（a）as if 引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be 动词用 were）或 would(could 等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（a）是正确答案。21d 22d 23c 24a 25d26（b）had not occurred 表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用 should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。27（b）had hoped 是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气 would+动词原形。 28（c）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为 would(should, could, m