欧洲文化入门复习题

1、欧洲文化入门复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek CultureI. 填空1. European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2. Greek culture reached a high point of developm

2、ent in the 5th century.3. In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, king of Macedon.4. In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.6. Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have be

3、come the worlds foremost amateur sports competition.7. Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.8. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9. The Odyssey deals with the return of

4、 Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, island of Ithaca.10. Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho and Pindar.11. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.12. Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victor

5、ies at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympic odes.13. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.14. Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.15. Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King, Electra, and An

6、tigone.16. Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and Trojan Women.17. Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B. C. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.18. Herodotus is often called “Father of Histor

7、y”. He wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians.19. Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.20. Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.21. Pythagoras was the founder of

8、scientific mathematics.22. Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything else had arisen.23. The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.24. Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about

9、the atomic structure of matter.25. In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they are the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics.26. Euclid is well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry.27. To illustrate the principle of the level, Ar

10、chimedes is said to have told the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”28. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called t

11、he Corinthian style.29. The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years.30. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyces modernist masterpiece Ulysses.II. 选择1. Which culture reached a high

12、point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2. In _ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200 B. C.B. 700 B. C.C. 146 B. C.D. The 5th century3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A.

13、Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King6. Which of the fol

14、lowing is the play written by Euripides?A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”?A. PythagorasB. Herac

15、leitusC. Aristotle9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. EpicurusIII. 名词解释1. Aeschylus2. Plato3. The CynicsIV. 简答与问答1.

16、What are the major elements in European culture?2. What were the main features of ancient Greek society?3. Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write?4. Tell some of Platos ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5. Give some examples to show

17、 the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature. Roman CultureI. 填空1. The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire.2. The Roman writer Horace said: “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”.3. In 2

18、7 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus.4. The Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkable phenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana.5. In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium, rename

19、d it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).6. In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the West Roman Empire.7. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.8. Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military c

20、ampaigns he took part in and these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin.9. Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the Aeneid.10. The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C. And reconstructed

21、in the 2th century A. D.11. She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.II. 选择1. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus Tullius Cicero2. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is _.A. VirgilB. Julius Caes

22、arC. HoraceD. Lucretius3. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A. The ColosseumB. The PanthenonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard4. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. HoraceIII. 名词解释1. Julius Caesar2. The Pax RomanaIV. 简答与问答1. What did t

23、he Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief difference between them?2. What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is the book linked with the Greek past?3. Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero?Division Two: The Bible and Christ

24、ianity The Old Testament 填空题1. Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the most influential in the West.2. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes, which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.3. Some 3800

25、years ago the ancestors of the Jews the Hebrews wandered through the deserts of the Middle East.4. About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms.5. The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the

26、 form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament.6. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.7. The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are first five books, call

27、ed Pentateuch.8. When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to the top of the mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments.9. Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament.10. In Babylon in the 6th cen

28、tury B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues to practise their religion.II 选择题1. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_A. Buddism B. Islamism C. Christianity D. Judaism2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are t

29、he first five books, called _.A. Exodus B. Commandments C. Amos D. Pentaeuch3. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_A. Honour your father and your motherB. Do not commit suicideC. Do not desire your neighbours wifeD. Do not take the name of God in vain4. When in Babylon

30、 the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? _A. in 169 B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C. D. in the 6th century 名词解释1. the Bible2. the Pentateuch3. Ten Commandments 简答与问答1. What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization?2. Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are

31、 closely related?3. What are the Ten Commandments about? Rise of Christianity 填空题1. At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist.2. Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation.3. Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of t

32、he first Roman Emperor Augustus.4. Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda.5. In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal.6. In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the o

33、fficial religions of the empire and outlawed all other religions.7. After Jesus died, St. Peter and St. Paul led the disciples of Jesus to spread gospel in the Mediterranean regions. 选择题1. After the _ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixth B. fifth C. second D. third2. Which of the following em

34、perors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? _A. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine I D. Nero Caesar3. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? _A. Augustus B. Thedosius C. Nero D. Constantine I

35、4. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _.A. St. Peter B. St. Paul C. John Baptist D. John Wycliff 名词解释1.The Edict of Milan 简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change? The New Testament 填空题1. By 300 A.D. each local church was called

36、 a parish and had a full time leader known as priest.2. Towards the end of he fourth century four accounts were accepted as part of the New Testament, which tells the beginning of Christianity.3. When as Jesus mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of

37、 the Holy Ghost4. Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda and caught at the Last Supper. Translations of the Bible 填空题1. Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew. And the New Testament was ori

38、ginally written in a popular form of Greek.2. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint, as according the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days.3. The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate

39、edition, which was done in 384 405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common peoples language.4. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.5. The most important and influential of English B

40、ible is the “Authorized” or King James version, first published in 1611. 选择题1. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _languages.A. 228 B. 974 C. 1202 D. 1542. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as _.A. the Latin Vulgate B. the AristeasC. the “Authorize

41、d” D. the Septuagint3. When printing was invented in the 1500s, the _ Bible was the first complete work printed.A. English B. Latin C. Aramaic D. Hebrew4. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _A. 1885 B. 1611 C. 1901 D. 1979Division Three: The Middle Ages Manor and C

42、hurch 填空题1. In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.2. Between the fifth and eleventh centuries, West Europe was the scene of frequent wars and invasions.3. The Middle Age is a period in which classical,

43、 Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged.4. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding a system of holding land in exchange for military service.5. In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service.6. The center of medieval life und

44、er feudalism was the manor.7. By the 12th century manor houses came to be called castle, which were made of stone and designed as fortress.8. As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known

45、as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.9. In the medieval days a knight was trained for war by fighting each other in mock batters called tournaments.10. After 1054, the Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.11. The most

46、 important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who lived in North Africa in the fifth century.12. Under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants.13. The Pope not only ruled Roman and parts of Italy as a king, he

47、 was also the head of all Christian churches in western Europe.14. In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court the Inquisition to stamp out so-called heresy.15. One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind people that Christ had died to redeem man.16. To ex

48、press their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.17. With a return attack against the Moslems, the Western Christians launched a series of holy wars called the Crusades. 选

49、择题1. In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? _A. the Mongolians B. the HunsC. the Turkish D. the Syrians2. The Middle Ages is also called the _.A. “Age of Chris

50、tianity” B. “Age of Literature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit” D. “Age of Faith”3. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _A. To be loyal to his lord B. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of nobl

51、e birth4. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler B. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler D. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler5. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern

52、 Orthodox Church?_A. after 1066 B. after 1296 C. after 1054 D. after 4766. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is NOT true?_A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C. As a kn

53、ight, he was pledged to fight for the church.D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight.7. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _A. At the age of 14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.C. At a special

54、 ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.8. Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering the monastery according to the Benedictine Rule?A. They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.B. They could promise

55、 to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.C. They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.D. They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.9. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?_A. clergy, knights and serfs B. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasants D. knights, nobles and serfs10. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades and rule