Section2TheCranialNerves脑神经医学课件

1、Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,1,Section 2 The Cranial Nerves(脑神经,I. Olfactory n. (嗅神经) II. Optic n. (视神经) III. Oculomotor n. (动眼神经) IV. Trochlear n. (滑车神经) V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神经) VI. Abducent n. (展神经) VII. Facial n. (面神经,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy,

2、Medical College, Qingdao University,2,The Cranial Nerves,一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽， 十是迷走十一副，再加舌下十二全,VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. (前庭蜗神经) (位听神经) IX. Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神经) X. Vagus n. (迷走神经) XI. Accessory n. (副神经) XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神经,Oh. oh. oh. to touch and feel very green vegetablesAH,Systema

3、tic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,3,Introduction,A. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (感觉神经): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (运动神经): III, IV, VI, XI, XII. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神经): V, VII, IX, X,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qing

4、dao University,4,Introduction,B. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers 感觉(传入) 纤维 1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (一般躯体感觉纤维): skin nerve endings (皮肤神经末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,5,Introduction,2) specia

5、l somatic sensory fiber (SSA) (特殊躯体感觉纤维): visual (视), hearing (听), balance organs (平衡,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,6,Introduction,3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (一般内脏感觉纤维): all viscera (全部内脏) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊内脏感觉纤维): olfa

6、ctory (嗅器) and taste (味器,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,7,Introduction,2. Motor (efferent) fibers 运动 (传出）纤维 1) general somatic motor fiber (GSE) (一般躯体运动纤维): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao Uni

7、versity,8,Introduction,2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (一般内脏运动纤维): smooth mm. (平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心肌), glands (腺体,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,9,Introduction,3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊内脏运动): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (

8、源与鳃弓的骨骼肌) I 鳃弓 咀嚼肌 II 鳃弓 面肌 III-VII 鳃弓 咽喉肌, 胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,10,I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神经)SVA,olfactory bulb (嗅球,olfactory filaments (I) (嗅丝,cribriform foramina,olfactory cells (嗅细胞) within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity (在

9、鼻腔内嗅区上皮,anosmia 嗅觉丧失 hyposmia 嗅觉减退,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,11,II. The Optic Nerve (视神经) SSA,rod cells (视杆细胞) cone cells (视锥细胞,ganglionic cells (节细胞,II,optic chiasma (视交叉,optic canal (视神经管,photoreceptor cells (感光细胞,total blindness 全盲,bipolar cells (双极细胞

10、,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,12,. The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经) GSE, GVE,midbrain （中脑） 脚间窝,III superior branch(上支,superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris (上直肌,上睑提肌,inferior rectus medial rectus inferior oblique (下直肌,内直肌,下斜肌,superior orbital fissure (眶上裂

11、,III inferior branch(下支,strabismus 斜视 损伤:眼睑下垂, 瞳孔扩大 , 眼球转向外下, 复视,sphincter pupil, ciliary m. (瞳孔括约肌,睫状肌,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,13,. The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经) GSE, GVE,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,14,. The T

12、rochlear Nerve (滑车神经) GSE,midbrain (中脑) 背侧,IV,superior oblique （上斜肌,sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,15,. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE,V,maxillary n (上颌神经,ophthalmic n (眼神经,mandibular nerve (下颌n,pons (脑桥,lacrim. n(泪腺,frontal (额)

13、 n,nasociliary(鼻睫) n,眶上神经,lacrimal gland(泪腺,鼻背,腔,筛窦,眼球,V ganglion (三叉神 经节,额皮,infraorbital(眶下) n,sup. alveolar(上牙槽) n,auriculotemporal n,buccal (颊) n,lingual (舌) n,inf. alveolar n,眼口间皮肤,上牙,牙龈,颞部皮肤,颊部皮肤,粘膜,舌前 2/3 一般感觉,Taste.舌前2/3味觉,mental 颏n,下唇皮肤,lower teeth下牙,牙龈,masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支,mastic.mm.咀嚼肌,trige

14、minal neuralgia 三叉神经痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封闭,鼓索,下颌舌骨肌N,Zygomatic n.(颧神经,颧部皮肤,滑车上神经,VII,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,16,. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,17,. The Trigeminal

15、Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,18,. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE,V1,V2,V3,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,19,. The Abducent Nerve (展神经) GSE,pons （脑桥,VI,lateral rectus （外直肌,strabismus 斜视 dip

16、lopia (double vision) 复视,sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,20,CN I. The Olfactory Nerve (SVA) olfactory bulb I olfactory filaments (I) olfactory cells CN II. The Optic Nerve (SSA) optic chiasma II ganglionic cells bipolar cells rod & con

17、e cells CN III. The Oculomotor Nerve (GSE,GVE) superior br. superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris inferior br. inf. rectus, medial rectus, & inferior oblique CN IV. The Trochlear Nerve (GSE) midbrain IV superior oblique CN V. The Trigeminal Nerve (GSA,GVA,SVE) ganglion 1. ophthalmic n. (V1)

18、lacrimal n. lacrimal gland frontal n. supraorbital n. frontal skin supratrochlear n. frontal skin nasociliary n. nose, eyeball, & ethmoidal sinus,Summary of CN I - VI,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,21,2. maxillary n. (V2) infraorbital n. skin between eye and

19、mouth zygomatic n. zygomatic skin pterygopalatine n. nasal cavity, palatine & tonsil superior alveolar n. superior teeth 3 mandibular n. (V3) auriculotemporal n. temporal skin buccal n. buccal skin and mucosa lingual n. anterior 2/3 part of tongue inferior alveolar n. mental n. mental skin inferior

20、teeth, gingiva submandibular ganglion mylohyoid and digastric mm. masticatory branches masticatory mm. CN VI. The Abducent Nerve (GSE) pons VI lateral rectus,Summary of CN I - VI,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,22,VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE,

21、pons (脑桥) 延髓沟,geniculate ganglion (膝神经节,VII,VII,stapedius (镫骨肌,taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue (舌前味觉,facial mm. (面肌,lingual n(舌神经,tympanic chord(鼓索,stapedial n (镫骨肌神经,temporal branches (颞支,zygomatic branches (颧支,buccal branches (颊支,marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘,cervical branch (颈支,V1 lacrimal n,lacrimal

22、 gland nasal glands palatine glands (泪,鼻腔,腭腺,submandibular gland, sublingual gland (下颌下腺,舌下腺,facial paralysis 面神经瘫 facial spasm 面痉挛,pterygo- palatine ganglion,greater petrosal n (岩大神经,腭,蝶腭N,internal acoustic pore,stylomastoid foramen,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao Unive

23、rsity,23,VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,24,VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,25,. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蜗神经) SSA,nervo

24、us deafness 神经性耳聋,brain stem (脑干) 延髓脑桥沟,vestibular n. (前庭神经,cochlear n. (蜗神经,vestibular ganglion (前庭神经节,spiral ganglion (螺旋神经节,头位置,听觉,maculae of saccule(椭圆囊) maculae of utricle(球囊) ampullary crest(壶腹嵴,spiral organs （螺旋器,Int.acous. meatus & pore (内耳道,内耳门,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical Co

25、llege, Qingdao University,26,. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蜗神经) SSA,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,27,. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经,SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA,IX,medulla oblongata (延髓,sup. ganglion,inf. ganglion,tympanic n(鼓室,otic gang,parotid gland(腮腺,ca

26、rotid sinus branch,carotid sinus & glomus,lingual br (舌支,post. 1/3 of tongue (taste,pharynx,stylopharyngeal br (茎突咽肌支,stylopharyn.(茎突咽肌,tonsillar br.(扁桃体支,palatine tonsil(腭扁桃体,post.auricular br(耳后支,pharyngeal mm,pharyngeal branch(咽支,post. auricul. skin(耳后皮肤, other sensory,jugular foramen,Systematic

27、Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,28,. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,29,. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA,medulla oblongata,X L R,sup. ganglion,inf. ganglion,sup.lar

28、yng.n(喉上N,phary.br.(咽支,sup.cerv.card.br.(颈上心支,inf.cerv.card.br.(颈下心支,rec.laryng. n.(喉返N,inf.laryng.n(喉下N,bronc.br.(支气管支,esophag.br.(食管支,ant.vagal tr.(前干,post.vagal tr.(后干,int.br.(内支,laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜,cricothyroideus(环甲肌,phary.mm(咽肌, mucosa(粘膜,cardiac plexus (心丛,heart mm (心肌,laryng.mm喉肌, mucosa(粘膜,eso

29、ph.br(食管支,trac. br(气管支,食管腺,肌,气管腺,肌, mucosa(粘膜, mucosa(粘膜,hepat.br.(肝支,ant.gast.br(胃前支,post.gast.br(胃后支,celiac br.(腹腔支,hepat. plx,gast. plx,gast. plx,celiac plx,肝腺,肌,sens,sens,sens,sens,胃腺,肌,胃腺,肌,肠腺,肌,pulmonary plx,esoph. plx,支气管腺,肌,食管腺,肌, mucosa(粘膜, mucosa(粘膜,sense,耳支耳廓,硬脑膜,ext.br.(外支,jugular forame

30、n,C,T,A,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,30,. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,31,XI. The Accessory Nerve (副神经) SVE,medulla oblongata (脑干,spinal cord (脊髓,cranial root (颅根,spinal roo

31、t(脊根)XI,sterno-cleido-mastoideus (胸锁乳突肌) trapezius(斜方肌,pharyngeal mm. laryngeal mm(咽喉肌,X,jugular foramen,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,32,XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve(舌下神经) GSE,medulla oblongata (延髓,XII,lingual branches(舌支,mm of tongue (舌肌,descending br(降支,ans

32、a cervicalis (颈袢,infrahyoid mm (舌骨下肌群,hypo- glossal canal 舌下 神经管,cervical plexus (颈丛,paralysis of tongue mm. 舌肌瘫痪 (伸舌时舌歪向患侧,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,33,Summary of CN VII - XII,CN VII. The Facial Nerve (SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA) pons VII geniculate ganglion deep

33、petrosal n. greater petrosal n. n. of pterygoid canal pterygopalatine ganglion lacrimal gland 1. stapedial nerve stapedius 2. tympanic chord lingual n. taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue ganglion submandibular & sublingual gland 3. temporal branches frontal muscle, orbicularis oculi 4. zygomatic branch

34、es zygomaticus, orbicularis oculi 5. buccal branches buccinator, muscles around the mouth 6. marginal mandibular branch muscles of lower lip 7. cervical branch platysma 8. posterior auricular n. auricular muscles and occipitalis CN VIII. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (SSA) 1. vestibular n. vestibular

35、ganglion maculae of saccule & utricle, ampullary crest 2. cochlear n. cochlear ganglion spiral organs,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,34,Summary of CN VII - XII,CN IX. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ) (SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion parotid gland otic ganglion inferior ganglion tympanic n. tympanic plexus lessor petrosal n 1. carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & carotid glomus 2. lingual branches posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and other sensory) 3. pharyngeal branch pharyngeal mucous 4. stylopharyngeal branch s