高中英语it的用法课件-(详细有高考题-精品

1、It的用法,Mr Liu,it可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象,一、基本用法,1. it作人称代词,it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物， 以避免重复,Ningbo is a beautiful city, isnt it,也可以指动物或婴儿(不知性别/未知性别的婴儿或孩子,Is this your dog？No, it isnt,也可指抽象事物,It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that,用来泛泛的指某件事,It is a shame, isnt it,You

2、 are going to be married this time？When is it,2.非人称代词it,it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等， 称为非人称的it,指天气,It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy,指时间,It was nearly midnight when she came back,指环境,It was very quiet in the caf,指距离,It is half an hours walk to the city centre,二、形式宾语,1. S+ think + it + neces

3、sary +( for sb. ) to do sth,The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(05全国) A. that B. it C. this D. him,Sentence patterns,B,find,possible,feel,important,clause,形式宾语1,形式宾语2,I think it his duty to clean the blackboard,Sentence patterns,Sentence patterns,形式宾语句

4、型,6 主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1 形式宾语it； 2 宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3 真正宾语的三种形式： 不定式短语动名词短语引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days,形式宾语归纳,该句型中的it 作形式宾语，记忆方便-“61

5、23结构,I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全国) A. this B. that C. it D. one,点拨:这是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词(如like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate等)或包含介词的动词短语(如see to, depend on等)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句,I like (enjoy, hate) it when. I would appreciate it if see to (depend o

6、n) it that,Sentence patterns,C,形式宾语特殊用法1,enjoy, like,/ love, dislike, appreciate hate, dontmind, befondof, feellike, seeto/ depend on / insist on,动词+it+that + clause,例: IhateityoucandancesowellbutIcant,动词+ it+as+noun/adj. + 从句 (把.视为.,accept, regard,take, see,view 例:Thespeakertakesitasencouraging whe

7、nmanystudentsattendhislecture,形式宾语特殊用法2,动词+it+to sb.+that oweittosb.that把归功于 leaveittosbthat把留给某人去做 takeitforgrantedthat把想当然 keepitinmindthat把记在心里 例1.Dontbothertotidy your room. Justleaveittometodo . 他想当然的以为女朋友会再回来。 He took it for granted that his girlfriend would come back again,形式宾语特殊用法3,三、形式主语,1.

8、 _is necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having the answers ready will be of great help. 2. The Foreign Minister said, “_is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” 3. _is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month,形式主语,高考真题,It,It,It,形式主语,该句型中it

9、是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear,1. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that,该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， c

10、areless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， silly ， stupid good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth.,2. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth,It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so,该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如

11、果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如,3. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth,It is important for her to come to the pa

12、rty. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party,该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词,4. It is important ( necessary， strange， natural.) that,It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these

13、words,该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为是（正是）的时侯,5. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that,该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形） ，should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种 意义时，则不用虚拟语气,It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that

14、he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾,6. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that,It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed,该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into

15、orbit,7. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that,该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求， 建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours,8 It is said (reporte

16、d， learned.) that,该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词,9. It is the first ( second . ) time that,该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚 拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓 语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成 时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结 构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换常译为“是第一 （二）次,It is the first time I have been

17、here. = This is the first time I have been here,10. It happens (seems， appears, comesabout,turnsout, looks) that,It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来,It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died,11. It is . when .,

18、该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指 时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为“当的时候，是,It was 5 oclock when he came here,12. It be . before,该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过 去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为“之前,It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job,1

19、3. It is +一段时间+since,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果 主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时,It doesnt matter if they are old,14. It takes sb. . to do sth,该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直 接宾语是时间，常译为做要花费某人,It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall,15. It is no good (use ) doing sth,该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语

20、可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。常译为 “做 没用,It is no good learning English without speaking English,16. It doesnt matter whether ( if ),该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 不论（是否）没关系,It seemed as if he were dying,17. It looks ( seems ) as if,该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，“ 看起来好象如

21、果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气,It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了,It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病,四、it引导强调句型,Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who) 用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当 被强调部分是人时也可以用who,强调句型,It is the ability to do the job not where you come from or what you are _ matters. A. one B. that C. what D. it,It is / was + 被强调的部分 +that / w

22、ho+句子其他成分,强调句型,高考真题,is或was永远用单数. It is books that he bought yesterday. It was yesterday that I met your father in the street,只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday,1.It is / was + 被强调的部分 +that / who+句子其他成分,使用该句型有以下几点请注意,强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。 It is I

23、who am responsible for the project It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night,被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。 1) It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday 2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday,注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is wasthat为强调句标志，

24、去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只 是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征,要点点拔,第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten oclock last night”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when,比较,1) It was ten oclock when we got home last night,我们昨晚到家时已十点了,2) It was at ten oclock that we got home last night,我们昨晚是在十点到家的,I didnt realize she

25、 was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses,2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that,该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式,It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star,Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was

26、 a famous film star,It was _ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go In which play is _ your brother appears? A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where It was in t

27、he lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which ; where C. that ; where D. which; that,强调句型,被强调的部分是not until引导的时间 状语,强调句型用于疑问句, 被强调的部分是特殊疑问词或从句引导词,In which play is it that,It is that,Is it that,I dont know in which play it is that,强调句型和各种从句,高考热点,It

28、was a new book he wanted to buy. It was Tom I met in the street. 3. It was during the holiday he got to know that girl. 4. It was in the park I saw Kate crying last night. 5. It was he who late yesterday. 6. It was the teacher together with the boy students who in the classroom. 7. 将1.2.句变为一般疑问句 8.将

29、3.4.5.句变为特殊疑问句,was,was,that,that,who,that,9. is it has made Peter success? A .What that B. That what C. What what D. That that How was it that she turned down our help? Where was it that When was it that. Who was it that Which book is it that Whose nose is it that,A,A.在强调句型中考查主谓一致 It was not luck bu

30、t difficulties that him success. A. makes B. make I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girl, who to blame. Is B. are,A,B,B.强调句型中的be动词与情态动词的结合 It might have been John bought it for Mary yesterday. What B. since C. that D. when It may be next week she leaves for London. What B. since

31、 C. that D. when,C,C,C.强调句型中含有名词性从句（主语从句， 宾语从句， I have forgotten you put the dictionary. A. that it was where B. where was it that C. that where it was D. where it was that It was at the beginning Mr.Fox made the decision he should go for a visit to the chicken. When which B. where that C.then so D.

32、 that that,D,D,D.强调句型中含有定语从句 It was in the small house was built with stones by his father he spent his childhood. which that B. that where C. which which D. that which It was playing computer games cost the boy plenty of time he ought to have spent doing his lessons,A,that,that/which,E .强调句型中含有状语从句

33、 正因为他病了他才没有来。 It was because he was ill that he didn come. 正是她妈妈进来时她才开始哭的。 It was when her mother came in that she began to cry,五、it固定用法,How is it with your study? 学习好吗？ Thats it . 这就对了。 It went hard with him. 他身遇不幸。 It is all over with me. 我完蛋了。 We must fight it out.我们必须坚持到底。 I cant help it. 我没有办法,

34、1. It的一些习惯用法,2.在一些固定用法中考查,常见的固定用法有: make it 成功，安排在或定在某时间 forget it 别提了，忘了它吧 Dont mention it 别提了，表示不用谢 It doesnt matter 没关系 It(That) depends 视情况而定 You guessed it 你猜着了 Its hard to say 很难说 Its up to you to do sth.由你来决定做某事,Exercise Bar,The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before

35、they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 2. Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 3. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those,易误辨析,it / one / that,B,A,C,the house t

36、hat the Parkers bought,a house,the air,1.Its years _(since, before, after, that) I painted this beautiful picture. 2.It will be years _(since, before, after, that) I paint this beautiful picture. 3.It was years _(since, before, after,that) I painted this beautiful picture. 4.Its for years _(since, b

37、efore, after, that) I have painted this beautiful picture,易误辨析,表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为“自从.以来已多久了,It is +时间段+since(过去时,表示从过去某一时间到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才/就做了,It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时,表示从现在起到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才会/就会做,It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时,_,_,_,_,Translate th

38、e following: 过了很久他才回来. 2. 我们很久后才会见面的. 3. 我离开这所学校已经很久了,It was long before he came back,It will be long before we meet again,It is long since I left this school,It is +时间段+since(过去时,It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时,It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时,易误辨析,走进高考,1. (2005, 全国) The doctor advised Vesa strongly tha

39、t she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. A. it B. she C. which D. he 正确答案：A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。 2. (2004,全国) -Do you like_here? -Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice. A. this B. these C. that D. It 正确答案：D。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用于不确定指代或模糊指代。 3. (2000,上海) Someo

40、ne is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序,4. (2007, 全国)Have you heard the latest news? No, what _? A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those 正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的latest news。 5. (2006,全国) If I can help _, I dont lik

41、e working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 正确答案：C。help是“阻止、避免”的意思，it指代下文的事情。 6. (2002,北京) -He was nearly drowned once. -When was _? -_ was in 1998 when he was in Middle School. A. that, It B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This 正确答案：A。it指时间。 7. (2005，浙江) Weve been looking at the hou

42、ses but havent found _ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D.them 正确答案：A。表示任意一幢房子,8.（2005，江苏）Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 正确答案：C。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代the air，且有in the city后置定语修饰。 9. (2004,北京) The Foreign Minister sa

43、id, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. A、This is B、There is C、That is D、It is 正确答案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。 10. (2005,上海)_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. I

44、t requires 正确答案：C 。it为形式主语，在此结构中done为required/suggested/demanded/recommended等时，从句必须用should + 动词原形，且should可以省略,11. (2004,上海春) It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to 正确答案：B。短语辨析题，refer to有“参考”的意思

45、，符合句意。 12. (2006,全国) It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。 13. (2007,天津)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these 正确答案：C。it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。 14. (2006,湖南)As the busi

46、est woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it 正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式,15. (2005,江苏)Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. will not be sent; that B. not

47、be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 正确答案：B。表示“理应如此”需用should动词原形，should可以省略。在做it形式宾语和形式主语的复合句中如果从句表示的是“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，需用should动词原形，should可以省略。 16、(2004,全国) I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A、this B、that C、it D、one 正确答案：C。love/enjoy/hate和lik

48、e的用法相同，后接宾语从句时需用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置,17、(2003,上海) I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. A、until B、if C、when D、that 正确答案：B。 18. (1998，上海) Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. A. take as granted B.

49、 take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted 正确答案：D。take it for granted that 意为：想当然的认为某事。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。另外我们也应该注意：depend(rely) on it（相信某事）和see to it（负责某事）的用法。 19. (2008,全国) It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 正确答案：A。将

50、it was去掉句子结构完整，易知是考查it的强调句型,20. (2004,福建) It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. A. because B. which C. since D. that 正确答案：D。 21. (1997,全国) Was it _ that I saw last night at the concert? A. you B. not you C. yourself D. that yourself 正确答案：A。强调句型的一般疑问式的基本结

51、构为：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that将该句恢复为陈述语序，去掉It is/wasthat结构，易判断是强调you的强调句型。 22. Is _student _was caught smoking in the classroom? A. it that, that B. that it, it C. it it, that D. it which, that 正确答案：A,23. (2004,上海) Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say? A. What is it that B. What it is that

52、C. How is it that D. How it is that 正确答案：A。强调句型的特殊疑问式的基本结构为： wh- +is/was it that +其它成分，故选B。 24. (2005,山东)-_ that he managed to get the information? -Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it 正确答案：C,25. (2007,浙江) It _ we had stayed together for a coupl

53、e of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A. was; when B. was that; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 正确答案：D。易判断这是考查not until的强调形式。 26. (2008，重庆) It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. A. that B. when C. while D. as 正确答案：A。 27. (2007,山东)Where did you get to know her?

54、 It was on the farm _we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where 正确答案：D。答句完整形式应为：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her,28. -Who made such a stupid mistake? -_Tom. A. It was B. He was C. That was D. There was 正确答案：A。答句完整形式应为：It was Tom who made such a stupid mistake. 29. It was the university _ he was teaching _ sent him to America. A. which; that B. where; that C. that;