高中英语语法复习专题——非谓语ppt课件

1、Non-finite Verb,1. to do 2.-ing 3.done,非谓语动词复习专题,一、 什么叫非谓语动词？ 与谓语动词有什么区别,找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式 1. Dont teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧,dont teach，谓语动词否定式,2. He had a good memory like an elephant. 他以前有很好的记忆力。 3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa. 建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱,1,had，谓语动词过去式 would be，

2、附加情态动词的动词原形,4. Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播速度快得多。 5. When asked why, please just keep silent. 当问到原因时，就保持沉默,1,travels，谓语动词单数形式 keep，动词原形,6. The president was warmly welcomed by the residents. 总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎,1,was welcomed，动词的被动形式,1,谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式。 也就是说谓语动词应该有完整的_ 和

3、_ 非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词,时态,语态,Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce

4、north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. 5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 7. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother. 8. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。,找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语,学习指导（learne

5、rs Guide,顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动词。非谓语动词的构成和用法并不简单，由于汉语中并没有谓语动词的形式变化也就不存在谓语动词和非谓语动词之分，所以中国学生学起来存在语言差异上的障碍。 非谓语动词主要分为三种: 不定式、动名词和分词 （现在分词和过去分词,非谓语,不定式,过去分词(v-ed,动名词,分词,现在分词(v-ing,to do,v-ing,学前诊断（Pre-test,1.I am used to _ (get) up early. 2._ (not receive) a reply, I sent her an e-mail again. 3.All the tea

6、chers consider her _ (be) the best teacher. 4. His brother is said _ (study) in the US, where he received a doctors degree. 5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ (not make) it more difficult. 6. The young man, _ (make) several attempts to beat the world record in high jumping,

7、Not having received,getting,to be,to have studied,not to make,having made,7. Bob works hard. He is often seen _(sweat) heavily before his teammates have arrived at practice. 8. Why dont you try to do that kind of work? I cant risk _ (do) something new now. 9. _ (get)out of the difficult situation, t

8、he restaurant is now making efforts to improve the quality of service. 10.My shoes are worn. They need _ (repair). 11. _ (expose) to sunlight for so much time, his skin got badly hurt. 12.Do you find it necessary for us _ (learn) at least a foreign language,sweating,doing,To get,repairing/to be repa

9、ired,Exposed,to learn,13. What do you think of this film? Its very funny. I think its worth_（see）. 14. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very and I think he means _(make) trouble. 15. _ (give) more time, I would have done much better. 自我评价（self-evaluation）levels: 8 poor 9-11 so-so 12-13 G

10、ood 14 Excellent,seeing,to make,Given,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。 高考主要考察非谓语动词的作用和形式。也就是说：动名词，现在分词，不定式与过去分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式,考点解密,二、 非谓语动词有哪些？ 有哪些具体的不同形式,非谓语动词的形式（以do为例,三、 不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么,弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在,在谓语表

11、示的动作之后,与谓语表示的动作同时发生,在谓语表示的动作之前,to do/to be done,to do/to be done/doing/being done,done; to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done,四、 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分,不定式,1.主语 2.表语 3.宾语 4.宾补 5.定语 6.状语,作用,形式,1.否定式：_ 2.一般式：_ 3.完成式：_ 4.疑问词+to do 5.不定式的复合结构： for/ of sb. to do sth,not to do,to do/ to b

12、e done,having done/ having been done,At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the mens 110-metre hurdles. 在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中成为第一个获得金牌的亚洲人，使全亚洲人兴奋不已,不定式,不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。 (1) 作主语 To see is to b

13、elieve. 眼见为实。 (百闻不如一见) To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语作主语) 上山很艰难而下山却很好玩。 To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun. 在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，我们常用it作形式主语，而把不定式移至句末，以保持句子平痕。 Its not easy to find your way around the town. 在这个小镇上想要找到路很不容易。 Its difficult to find a mor

14、e inhospitable place than the South pole. 找一个比南极更不宜居的城市是很难的,2）做表语 His ambition is to become an actor. 他的理想是成为一名演员。 每周一篇阅读理解是为了加强我们的解题能力。 A reading comprehension everyday is to strengthen our ability to solve problems. 你现在的首要目标是全身心投入到学习当中. Your primary goal is to be devoted to your study whole-hearte

15、dly. （注意） 当主语当中有动词do的时，作表语的不定式可省略to. All she could do was go back home. 她所能做的就是回家,3）作宾语 常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有： afford，aim, ask, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare,decide, demand, desire, determine, except, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, o

16、ffer, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, remember,threaten, try, want, wish等。例如： He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe. 他很高兴遇到外国人，于是想全面了解欧洲。 You should continue to learn as long as you live. 要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语,当不定式作宾语而其后又有宾补的时候，常用it作形式宾语，而将作宾语的不定式后置。 常见结构为：

17、consider/ feel/ find/ make/ think.+ it +宾补+ to do sth. 例如： He felt it necessary to learn Spanish. 他觉得有必要学习西班牙语。 He found it impossible to get everything ready in time. 他们发现不可能按时做好一切准备。 他规定课上只能讲英语。 He made it a rule only to speak English in class. 这两个女孩如此相似以至于陌生人觉得难以区分。 The two girls are so alike tha

18、t strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other,4) 作宾语补足语 常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： advise，allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn. I was in

19、terested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. 我对天文学很感兴趣，他叫我对全班作口头陈述。 我的导师鼓励我暑期上课来提高我的写作水平。 My advisor encouraged me to take a summmer course to improve my writing skill,有些感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时，通常不带to。 四看（see，watch，notice，observe） 三使役（let，have，make）二听（hear，listen to）一感觉（feel）

20、 They made me waite while they checked everyones air tickets. The doctor had her assistant _ (pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. （全国卷） 用于被动语态，感官动词和使役动词make，作主 补的不定式要把to带上。 Tom doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works hard,pick,help后的不定式作宾补可带to也可不带 The interesting study course can help y

21、ou avoid difficulty in communication. Xie Leis preparation course is helping her to get used to academic requirements of a Western university. 谢蕾的预科课程帮助她适应西方大学的学业要求。 They hope David to make a speech about his experiences in China. （注意）在汉语里，我们常说希望某人做某事 但是在英语当中没有“hope sb. to do sth.” 而应该用从句表达hope that

22、. They hope (that) David will make a speech about his experiences in China,wish/ want,5) 作定语 I am always the first person to get to the office. There are lots of interesting things to see there. There are many ways to make people laugh. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay awa

23、y. If there is a lot of work to do, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. The last one to arrive pays the meal. Agreed. Give me a pen to write . 澳大利亚有这么多的危险动物，你也许会认为在这里居住活到这里旅游很不安全。 You might think thath with all these dangerous animals, Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit,不定式作

24、定语时，如果与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而不定式动词又是一个不及物动词时，则不定式后要加上相应的介词,6) 不定式作状语 多表示目的，也表示结果原因。 Im surprised to find that business in France dont run in the weekends. To do a good job, we must have the right tools. To make friends easily, you need to be very kind. The poor girl has been collecting seashells to mak

25、e a living. 表目的时to = in order to = so as to 可将in order to 置于句首强调但 so as to一般位于句中。 为了规劝人们去做某事，广告常常激起人们的希望、梦想和情感。 In order to persuade people to do something, advertisements often appeal to our hopes and dreams or our emotions,注意) 在so. as to, enough to, only to, too.to 等结构中，不定式表示结果。 Will you be so kin

26、d as to open the window? He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off. 不定式与only连用做结果状语，表示一种意外的结果。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky,不定式的时态和语态,非谓语动词的时态重要性在于体现了动作先后 不定式的一般式表示的是其动作与谓语动词的动作同时或之后；进行式表示正在与谓语动词的动作同时进行；完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前。 Peo

27、ple began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 不定式to wonder表示的动作和began的动作同时发生。 She pretended to be reading when her mother came in. 不定式to be reading 表示read这一动作在谓语pretended的动作发生时正在进行。 Robert is said to have studied abroad,but I dont know which country he studied in. 不定式to have studied 表示study这

28、一动作发生在谓语is said之前,He is thought _ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 他被认为行事愚蠢，现在丢了那份工作，他只能责怪自己了。 The engine just wont start. Something seems _ (go) wrong with it. (2) 不定式的语态 不定式的主动式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者；不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受着,to have acted,to have gone,James Ry

29、an is the fourth brother to be involved in the Second World War. 詹姆斯是被卷入第二次世界大战漩涡的第四个兄弟。 不定式的逻辑主语是the fourth brother, 与involve是被动关系。 It is believed by many people to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500. 许多人认为它（古楼兰城）在公元200年至500年期间渐渐被沙城暴所覆盖。 不定式的逻辑主语是it,与cover是被动关系，且动作

30、发生在is believed之前，故用不定式的完成被动式,His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story. 注意 不定式主动表被动的情况 1.在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable 等形容词做表语或构成复合宾语时，其后不定式用主动形式表被动。be+adj.+to do This sentence is difficult to translate. They found the lecture hard to understand. 2.to blame 作表语时，用主动形式表示被动含

31、义。 I resent it when something went wrong in the house Im always the one to blame,to be published,3. 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。 Ill give you a book to read. Please lend me a pen to write with. Do you have anything to buy? He will show you the right path to take. 4. There be结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动

32、式和被动式皆可。 There is a lot of work to do/ to be done. 如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式。 There is nothing for me to do today,不定式的复合结构 It is brave of you to do that. It is easy for you to do that,当下列表示人物特征的形容词同of 后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系时，常与o f 搭配。brave, careful, careless, clever, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, right,

33、wrong ,rude, stupid, silly, wise, thoughtful, etc,It was very kind of you to come to help me. = You were very kind to come to help me,下列表示事物性质的形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但与句中的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的主表关系，常与 for 搭配。easy, hard, heavy, necessary, impossible, possible, important, difficult, etc,Its hard for

34、him to get rid of his bad habits . = For him to get rid of his bad habits is hard,疑问词+ 不定式”结构 I didnt know how I could get back to the village. I didnt know how to get back to the village. 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how等后加上不定式相当于名词性从句。同样一句话，可用从句或者是不定式结构来表达，意义没有区别。 第一个句子，宾语从句，较为正式。 第二个句子，简洁，较为口语化。

35、He told us whether we have a picnic was still under discussion. = He told us whether to have a picnic was still under discussion,动名词“v+ing”与现在分词的构成完全相同，动名词具有动词的特征也具有名词的特征。所谓的动词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语，名词特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。 Drinking enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair. 饮用

36、足量的水可改善你的肌肤，保持头发健康。 动名词起名词的作用，在句中作主语，有宾语。 We looking forward to writing to you about Orlando and his familys progress and achievements. 我们期待给你写信，谈谈奥兰多及其家庭的进展和成就。 动名词起名词的作用，在句中作介词宾语，有状语,动名词,动名词的功能和用法,1）作主语 Traveling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. 普通市民去太空旅行将会很普遍。 Preparing a delicious s

37、nack does not have to be too difficult. 准备美味的点心，不一定很难办。 _ felt funny watching myself on TV. 在It is no use/good (doing sth.). 后习惯接动名词作真正主语。 Its no use crying over spilt milk,It,在标志语中常常用到动名词的惯用语。 No smoking. No parking. (2) 作表语 My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which

38、 is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. 我的工作是为基拉韦厄火山的数据库搜集信息，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。 My favorite part was seeing the grizzly bear in the mountains. 我最喜欢的一段旅程就是在山里看到灰熊,3) 作动词宾语 常见的能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,allow, avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape, fancy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,

39、miss,suggest,practise,resist,risk,stop,ect. 短语动词有give up, insist on, feel like,get down to, look forward to. He will keep trying out new ideas so he can help farmers around China. 他（袁隆平）将不断地试验新想法，以帮助全中国的农民。 每一次当你想要吸烟的时候，就提醒自己对我承诺了什么。 Everytime you feel like smoking a ciegarette, remind yourself what

40、 youve promised to me,4)作介词宾语 They developed new methods of growing food, hunting and moving around. 他们掌握了种植、狩猎和迁徙的新方法。 After eating breakfast at the cafeteria I go by minibus to the university lecture halls or the library. 在食堂吃过饭后，我乘坐公共小汽车去大学的报告厅或是图书馆。 (5) 作定语 The Iron Curtain was Churchills term f

41、or the dividing line between eastern and western Europe. 铁幕是政治家丘吉尔使用的术语，指东欧和西欧的分界线,3. 动名词的否定式 Victor apologized for _ (not be) able to inform me of the change in the plan. 维克多对没能通知我计划中的变化表示抱歉。 for是介词 后跟动名词。 很抱歉我没有按时交作业。 Im sorry for not handing in my homework on time,not being,not+doing,动名词的时态和语态,1）

42、动名词的时态 动名词的一般式通常表示动作的发生与谓语动词的动作同时，动名词的完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前。 When I asked him, he avoided giving me a definite answer. 我问他时，他不愿给我确切的答案。动名词giving表示give这个动作与谓语动词avoided的动作同时发生。 I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you. 我不知道他竟然会干出这种事来与你对抗。动名词having done表示do这一动作发生在谓语动词have的动作之前,2）动名词的语态 动名词的主

43、动形式表示其逻辑主语是名词动作的执行者；动名词的被动形式表示其逻辑主语是名词动作的承受者。 Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. 弗雷迪和他的乐队走到哪里都会有人跟随。动名词的逻辑主语是Freddy and his band,与follow是被动关系。 Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 很多消费者抱怨那家商店缺斤少两。 动名词的逻辑主语是customers，与give是动宾关系，且gi

44、ve动作发生在谓语动作complain之前，故用完成被动式,_ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. 动名词作主语，且逻辑主语skin与expose是被动的关系，故用动名词的被动式。 I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ (promote) when we talked on the phone. mention 后接动名词作宾语，不接不定式。逻辑主语he(Tom)与promote是被动关系，且promote表示动作发生在mention之

45、前，故用动名词的完成被动式,Being exposed,having been promoted,1. want, require, need等动词后面的动名词常用主动形式表被动意义。 The library needs repairing, but it will have to wait until Sunday. 图书馆需要修缮，但要等到礼拜天。 接不定式要用被动语态。 The car needs repairing. The car needs to be repaired. The shoes want mending. The shoes want to be mended. 2.

46、 worth后接动名词，用主动形式表被动意义。 The book is worth reading a second time. 这本书值得读第二遍,动名词的复合结构,动名词有时带有自己的逻辑主语，这样就构成了动名词的复合结构，即：“名词所有格/物主代词+动名词”，可在句中作主语，表语，宾语。 Marys coming late made the teacher very angry. Do you still remember my first meeting with you? At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ _(open a

47、nd close) could be heard outside the classroom. 动名词与其逻辑主语desks构成复合结构作介词of的宾语。desks与open，close是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式,being opened and closed,Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried_ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. 下列情况使用动名词与不定式作宾语意义不同。 try to do 尽力做某事 try doing 尝试做某

48、事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 I regret to tell you that I cant come. I regret telling you the truth. regret doing 已发生 regret to do 未发生 forget doing 已发生 forget to do 未发生,living,现在分词(v.+ing) 有双重性，一方面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一方面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语、补足语、定语、状语，表示主动或正在进行的动作，例如： My mother is in the kitch

49、en making coffee . 现在分词起副词的作用，在句中作状语，有宾语。 现在分词的功能和用法 （1）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征。 Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. 身体语对于任何学习者来说多具有吸引力,现在分词,It is believed that if a book is _ (interest), it will surely _ (interest) the reader. (2) 作补足语 现在分词在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, h

50、ave, get等动词后补足语。 She could feel her heart beating with fear. 她能感觉她的心因害怕而跳动。 I looked up and noticed a snake _ (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. snake与wind之间为主动关系，且wind这个动作正在进行，故用wind的现在分词形式,interesting,interest,winding,4) 作状语 现在分词作状语多表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等。 Having realized that I could use

51、a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment. 我意识到可以用风筝来吸引闪电，于是决定做个实验。 Wang Peng sat in his empty restuarant feeling very frustrated. 王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到十分的沮丧。 Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ (use) the sun and the stars. 像古代的水手一样，鸟能够利用太阳和星星寻找方向,using,_ (press) from his par

52、ents, and _(realize) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. 逻辑主语the boy与realize为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作原因状语。 A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,_ (kill) all four people on board. 分词作结果状语，逻辑主语与kill之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示一种顺其自然的结果。 _ (see)

53、that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed,Pressed,realizing,killing,seeing,T or Entering the house, the window was found broken. 现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，下面这句话一般认为是错误的。是谁走进了屋子，显然不是the window. 所以应该更正为 Entering the house, I found the window was broken. Judging from her a

54、ccent, she must be American. 这句话被看做是正确的，这类分词被称为“悬垂结构” 常见的悬垂分词还有 strictly speaking(严格地说) generally speaking, personally speaking,F,现在分词的否定式 “not+v.ing” The king takes the woman to his palace and marries her, not knowing that she is a wicked witch. 国王不知道这个女人是个巫婆，他把她带到宫殿，娶她为妻。 Not even having the time

55、to put all her clothes on, she ran out of the door the second she felt the shaking of the house. _ (not,complete) the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks,Not having completed,现在分词的时态和语态,1、时态 现在分词的一般式表示其动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生，现在分词的完成式表示其在谓语动作之前发生。 Walking down the street, he hears s

56、omeone calling him. 现在分词walking表示walk这一动作与谓语hears的动作同时发生，现在分词calling表示call这一动作正在进行。 Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. 完成式表之前。 The sun began to rise in the sky, _ (bathe) the mountain in golden light. I got to the office earlier that day, _ (catch) the 7:30 train from Paris,bathing,hav

57、ing caught,2、现在分词的语态 现在分词的主动形式表示其逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者；现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。 Being caught by two gentlemen,Eliza made great progress. 由两位绅士辅导，伊丽莎白进步很快。 _(show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see Birds Nest for the Olympic Games. 分词做时间状语，逻辑主语we与show是被动关系， 且分词发生在句子谓语动词之前，故用现在分词的被动语态,Having been shown,过去分词的形式有规则和不规则之分。规则动词的过去分词由“v+ed”,不规则的过去分词要逐一记忆。 过去分词也有双重性，既有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，又具有形容词和副词的特征。可以充当表语、补足语和定语、状语。过去分词表示已完成的动作或被动的含义。 Built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old. 这座博物馆建于1910年，快100年了。 过去分词在句中作状语，表被动,过去分词,过去分词的功能和用法,1）作表语 过去分词作表语多表示主语所处于的状态。 Father,dont be upset. Every