高考作文之结构—记叙文

1、记叙文是英语作文中最常用、最基本的一种文体。也是高考英语书面表达中常考 的文体。它以记叙和描写为主要手段，通过写人、记事、写景来表达作者思想或 感情。常见的高考记叙文包括故事、人物介绍、游记、新闻报道等。常考题多以 看图作文或根据故事情节写作文的形式出现。记叙文的写作要点1. 六要素：要交待清楚记叙文“六要素”，即时间、地点、人物、事件起因、经过、结果（whe n，where，who，why，what，how）。2. 叙述方式：事情的叙述通常有四种手法：顺叙、倒叙、插叙和夹叙夹议。最 常用的是顺叙。3. 时态：时态通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去 完成时和过去将来时。4

2、. 人称：通常用第一人称或第三人称写作，第一人称主要写自己的经历，可增 强文章的真实感和感染力；第三人称主要写他人的经历或事迹。高考记叙文的篇章结构开头the beginning交待必要的背景。如：时间、地点、人物等。中间the middle交待故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生、发展和前 因后果。结尾the en di ng事情的结果或感想、愿望等范例一记事2008天津卷假设20XX年2月12日是你父亲的生日，下面三幅图描绘的是你给父亲买完 礼物后乘坐地铁回家时经历的一件事。 请根据图示，用英语写一篇日记记叙这件 事，并谈谈自己的感受。1. 词数不少于100 ；2. 可适当加入细节，以使

3、行文连贯参考词汇：地铁（列车）-subway trainFebruary l2h, 2008One possible vers ion:Februay 12 th, 2008The day is my Dad s birthday. This after noon I went to the shopp ing cen ter dow ntow n, and bought a prese nt for him. Then I took the subway train home. Sitt ing on the train, I thought my dad would be very hap

4、py whe n he saw the prese nt. At the n ext stati on, an old lady with two heavy bags got on the train and stood in front of me. She looked tired. I hesitated for a mome nt, and the n offered my seat to her. The old lady tha nked me a lot and sat dow n. Seeing her smile, I felt happy. I will always b

5、e ready to help others in the future.记叙文之人物介绍人物介绍属于记叙文的写作范畴， 写作时要围绕人物组织材料。所 写短文中应包括人物、 时间、地点、主要事件（who，when , where ， what ）等内容。人物介绍的写作要点写作时，要做到主题鲜明，内容清楚，并注意结构的完整性。1仔细审题，明确写作目的和中心思想，每段都应始终围绕主题 展开叙述。2. 合理判断使用哪种人称，句子时态要在上下文中有相关性、连续性，要与表达内容一致。3. 合理安排短文的结构层次，组织好所提示内容表达的先后顺序，并用英语思维，整理写作要点。4. 审题后要先列出简明扼要的提

6、纲，其次写出草稿，经过修改之 后，再正式成文。人物介绍的篇章结构名人篇姓名、童年及出生地 t家庭及教育背景 t成就 t评价 路人篇姓名、身份及外貌特征 t要点提示中的人物特点 t评价范例二写人马克吐温是美国著名作家。请根据下面提供的内容写一篇人物简介。马克吐温(1835 1910)生于美国Missouri。他是美国19世纪著名的作 家之一。他的家乡位于密西西比河畔。成年后，他曾在密西西比河的船上当水手。 马克吐温是他的笔名。他写过很多小说，其中最著名的是汤姆索耶历险记( Tom Sawyer)。 他的作品被译成多国文字，深受世界读者喜爱。词数：100-120。One possible vers

7、 ion:Mark Twain(1835 1910), one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century, was born in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.Mark Twains hometow n lay on the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spe nt his childhood. Whe n he grew up he worked as a sailor on a river

8、boat for some time. Mark Twa in was his pen n ame.Mark Twai n wrote a lot of no vels, one of which is The Adve nture of Tom Sawyer, the masterpiece which brought him fame and honor. Some of his writi ngs have bee n tran slated into many lan guages. He and his works are deeply loved by readers throug

9、hout the world.常用的词组及句子:1. Birthday and birth place:was / were born inon was / were born in / into a poor / rich familyeg He was born in Poland on Nov 13, 19872. Family backgro undHis / her family was so poor thathis / her father was very strict with himBorn in a poor family, he had to.When he was a

10、 small boy, he showed a great in terest in whe n he was a small boy / youngas a child / as a boy of 15duri ng his / her childhoodspe nd his childhood in live a happy / hard lifeeg. Abraham Lin col n, the son of a poor family, was born in Ken tucky on February 12, 1809.Born of a poor clerks family, C

11、harles Dicke ns had little schooli ng.3. Educati on backgro undbe admitted to - collegegraduatefrom department ofuniversitywhe n at college, he majored inreceive a doctors degreego abroad for further studiesThanks to the help of ., he was able to continue his educati on.Betwee n and ., he studied at

12、.From . to ., he first worked as ., and the n he became.4. Big eve nts in on es lifebe in terested in / be fond of work hard at serve as devote his lifetime / himself toconcen trate himself to do research about / into made great con tributi ons to make up on es mi nd to do sth.do sth with great dete

13、rm in ati on and persevera neebe strict in sth.have a way of doing sthtry on es best to do sth.en courage sb to dofight for, give up on es life for sb / sthwin a prize / the first prize incompetitio nreceive / obta in / win the Nobel Prize forbe good at do well in be crazy about enjoy make rapid pro

14、gress in set a new world record ofequal the world recordwin(won) a gold / silver / bronze medalbe awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scie ntific achieveme nts.be selected to / become a member of study hard train hardgo through hardshipovercome many difficultieshave a gift / tale nt for Ian

15、 guage, etc5. Evaluati onone of the best / most importa ntset a good example for a model teacher / workerbe respected by every onePeople speak / think highly ofbe honored as (an excelle nt athlete)his hard work brought him great successhe is the pride of China.His heroic story spread all over the ci

16、tymake great con tributi ons to Con siste ncy / Persevera nee is the key to success. be famous / known / regarded asbecome a world champi on at Champi on shipsremember sb forevera new chapter of history has bee n tur nedLei Feng has bee n praised for his com munist spirit.an in spiri ng leadersb. is

17、 con sidered to be one of the greatest.Well known as., sb.人物外貌和性格特征描写词汇good-look ingfunny-look ingugly-look ingwhite-hairedtalln aughty smartwarm-heartedkin d-heartedbad-temperedn ear-sightedfar-sightedbrightdilige ntcharm ing attractivetalkativecon fide neepatie neeordin ary-look ingshort pretty wi

18、seabse nt-min deda stro ng willlazyhealthy humorousin depe ndent有关“起”的词语，用语开篇或引出扩展句1. at first/ in the begi nning 起初2. at prese nt现在；当今3. rece ntly / lately最近9. for one thi ngfor ano ther/ also首先，其次10. prese ntly此刻；现在4. first/ firstly/ first of all第一11. to begin with/ to start with首先；5. gen erally s

19、peak ing般地说第一6. on the whole总的12. in gen eral说来般来说7. It is well un derstood that13. on the one handon the other ha众所周知，一方面，另一方面8. There goes a say ing that.14. As the say ing goes,俗话俗话说，说，有关“承”的词语，用来承接上下文1.by this time11.i n the same way同样地此时12.obviously明2. at the same time同显地时13. no doubt无3. after

20、a while疑地过了一会儿14. for example/ for in sta nee例如4. after a few days几天15. therefore以后因此5. sec ond/ sec on dly第二；16. indeed第二点的确6. in additi on17. uni ike另外不像7. besides/ whats more另外18. certai nly8. by the way当然顺便提一句19. for ano ther9. in other words换句其次话说20. still10. in particular/ particularly特别地仍然11.

21、 worse still更21.similarly糟的是同样地有关“转”的词语,用来表示不同或相反的意见1. in/ by con trast对比之下9. fortun ately幸运地2. unfortun ately不幸地10. however然而3. though/ although尽管11. in spite of尽管；虽4. eve n though即使然5. any way无论12. at the same time同时；然而如何13. otherwise否则6. after all毕14. on the con trary相反竟15. especially尤其7. all the

22、 same依然；照16. There are two sides to everyth ing.样任何事物都有两面性。8. i n fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上有关“合”的词语,用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容1. in a word/ all in all/ i n con clusi on10. accord in gly总之因此2. to con clude/ to summarize11. therefore/ thus因总之此3. in brief/ i n short/ in summary12. as has bee n no ted如前总之所述4.

23、on the whole13. as I have said如我总体来说所述5. above all14. by doing so如最重要的是此6. as a result15. to speak fran kly/ to be frank结果坦白地说7. obviously16. It is quite clear that很明显然显8. As far as rm concern ed,就我17. There is no denying that无可而言否认9. Taking all these into con siderati on18. Con sideri ng 考虑考虑到到根据衔接

24、词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下几类：一、表示因果关系as a result-He n ever studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last exam in ati on.as a result of -He is late for work as a result of traffic accide nt.accord in gly-He wan ted to buy a radio for study En glish, and accord in gly her mother bought it for him

25、.because(of)-We are delayed because of a traffic jam.due to-His success is due to his excelle nt work.owing to-Ow ing to his abse nee, our meet ing is not held.thanks to-Tha nks to a good teacher, she passed the exam in ati on.now that-Now that you have grow n up, you must earn for yourself.so long

26、as-You could realize your dream so long as you try it aga in and aga in.since-Since you are here now, you d better give a hand.in that-The policy is harmful in that it may en courage people to give up.so that-The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him. therefore-T

27、here is a calculat ing mistakes there, therefore, the an swer is wrong.二、表示解释关系as a matter of fact-I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10minu tes, drive from you.as well -I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.fran kly speak in g-Fra nkly speak in g, I am not ver

28、y satisfactory with your words.in this case-In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.、表示推理关系or else-Hurry up, or else you II be late.otherwise-You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.if so-lf so, it will make a great differe nee.四、表示递进关系in addition-l need yo

29、ur help. In addition, I also need her support.besides-First, we must work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind.and moreover-The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your ski n.that is to say-The stock price is deeli ning, that is to say, I am los ing mon ey.in o

30、ther words-l am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in thiscan tee n.equally importa nt-You should read more n ews from n ewspapers, and equallyimportant, keep an eye on the news from the radio.what s more is harmful to my health, and whats more, it is no good to my work.last but n

31、ot least-Last but not least, my tha nks should go to every member of my class.五、表示比较关系equally-As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.in the same way-It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.in con trast to-I n con trast to your belief, I quite disag

32、ree with you.in stead-If you dont go,门I go in stead.on the contrary-You thought I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.in contrast-It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast it s very cold at night.while-We are happy in Chi na, while most Africa ns live un happily.六、表示选择关系either orEither you or I w

33、ill go there.rather than-In this matter, the parents should be blamed rather than the children.in stead of -You should be read ing books in stead of lying there in bed.not bu-She is not an English teacher, but a German student.whether or no-l won der whether you will come or not this after noon.n ei

34、ther on-Neither you nor I will go there. He will come this after noon.七、表示转折关系although-Although he is old, he still work everyday.despite- will visit him despite the heavy snow.at the same time-The little kid brings troubles, but at the same time you cant helpliki ng him.eve n though-Eve n though sh

35、e is late, she walks slow.however-l planned to go there, however, the incident suddenly interrupts my normal work.in spite of-I n spite of the boys hon esty, the teacher is still very an gry.in stead-It is too hot to go shopp in g, lets watch TV at home in stead.on the con trary-I used to think that

36、 the result will be good. On the con trary, it tur ns out to be bad.still It s raining cats and dogs outside; still, I will visit him.though-I will visit him though it is raining there.while-Sadness is beautiful while Ioneliness is tragically.yet-He is sen time ntal sometimes, yet I still like him.八

37、、表示总结关系all in all-All in all, we must cope it wellbriefly-Briefly, I agree with you on the matter.in con clusi on-I n con clusi on, the first opin io n is much more reas on able tha n the latter idea.in summary-In summary, we cannot fully believe what we heard from others.to sum up-To sum up, teachi

38、 ng stude nt is not an easy task to perform.on the whole-On the whole, the book is extremely valuable.in all-In all, its great to be a father.in short-I n short, acti ons speak louder tha n words.in brief-I n brief, to help others is to help yourself.in a word-In a word, we will win while they will

39、lose.in terms-In practical terms, I believe it will work.in sum-ln sum, it is great to be a teacher.to summarize-To summarize, spare the rod, spoil the childre n,九、表示次序关系above all-Above all, remember to call me whe n you arrive.afterwards-We played the whole day and afterwards walked home together i

40、n the eve ning.first/firstly/first of all First(ly) /first of all, I ll mention the history.sec on d/sec on dly-Sec on d/sec on dly, I will men ti on the prese nt. furthermore-Furthermore, it is not good eno ugh in this respect. finally-Finally, I agree with you on this matter.last but not least-Las

41、t but not least, my pers onal effort also play a small role in the accomplishme nt of the task.to conclude-To conclude, life is not a battle if you want to be a normal man. lastly-Lastly, I must say it will be remembered by people around the world. in the en d-I n the end, they parted each other at

42、the cross road.十、表示强调关系above all-Above all, the good policy makes us dare to be rich.of course-Of course you will fall behind if you dont study harder.in deed-I am in deed very glad to see you are well and sound.most important-Most important, it is a book for sale first.十、表示过渡关系as to/as foShes very

43、uncertain as to where he is now.by the way-By the way, there is a letter for you in the preside nts office.with regard to -With regard to your score in last exam in ati on, I am afraid it is not a good n ews for you.talking of -Talking of philosophy, I know little about it.in cide ntally-l ncide ntally, your proposal has draw n most peoples atte