Beijing popularization and application of analysis of gas-fired air-conditioning

1、 Beijing popularization and application of analysis of gas-fired air-conditioning Abstract: The control of the design specifications, a point of order, for the design of household metering heating exist in a number of issues, including indoor temperature values, the indoor heat transfer between the

2、load and the total heat load of building the relationship between the household setting heat meters, heat thermostatic valve device (sensor) selection and setting, heating and hot water pipes buried in the flow rate control, the vertical riser of gravity head shared values, within the public space o

3、f residential heating systems and heat metering devices, settings, plastic pipe wall thickness selection and Notes written and thermal fee collection etc. have been serious thought and useful discussion, and made specific comments and suggestions. Keywords: gas-fired air-conditioning electric air co

4、nditioner clean energy A Beijing Energy Status and Planning 1.1 Beijing Energy Status Beijing is a place with more than 1200 million people, mega-cities, is also an account for a large proportion of heavy and chemical industrial city every year consume a large amount of energy. According to statisti

5、cs, in 2001 the citys final energy consumption was 43.127 million tons of standard coal, in which solid energy (including coke) is about 36.7%, liquid energy is about 22.4%, about 4% of gas energy, heat is about 2.7% , the power is about 31.1%, other energy sources account for about 3.1%. The vast m

6、ajority of the final energy in the electricity, heat is the citys coal-fueled power plants and heating plants produced, as well as about half of the electricity is redeployed outside the city. In the final energy consumption, the fuel consumption is about 21.3804 million tons of standard coal, inclu

7、ding coal, coke, coal washing and other solid fuels 14.0525 million tons, accounting for 65.7%; gas, coal, diesel and other liquid fuels 5.2982 million tons, accounting for about 24.8%; natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, artificial gas and other fuel gas 2.0297 million tons, accounting for about

8、9.5%. 1.2 Status and Planning of Beijing Municipal Natural Gas According to Beijing-2005 Natural Gas Development Plan of Beijing in 2000 to various users of natural gas with the gas load summarized in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 Gas Consumption Forecast for 2000-2005 of natural gas users table (unit: milli

9、on cubic meters) Residents, public service 1.3 Beijing power supply and use of the status quo The end of 1999, Beijing society as a whole amounted to 34.413 billion kwh electricity per capita electricity consumption of 3129 kwh per capita electricity consumption 324 kwh used in daily life. The large

10、st negative Heda 6022 megawatts of electricity. One, two, three electricity industry and residents accounting for 3.99:51.76:31.87:12.37. Beijing Electric Power Industry Bureau under Beijings economic and social development planning and historical electricity consumption growth in the use of sub-ind

11、ustrial output value of unit consumption to predict the net electricity consumption, such as Table 1.3. Table 1.3 Forecast for Beijing, the net electricity consumption (unit: billion kilowatt hours) Taking into account plant consumption (8%), electricity line losses (2%), and the Ming Tombs Pumped S

12、torage Power Station pumping power 904 million kwh / year, Beijings largest electricity load forecasting results in Table 1.4. Beijing changes in electricity load characteristics shown in Table 1.5. Table 1.4 Beijing, the largest electricity load forecasting comparative table (unit: MW,%) Table 1.5

13、Characteristics of change in Beijings electricity load forecasting results As the industrial structure adjustment, the third industry and the rapid growth of electricity residents, as well as electrical and air conditioning thermostat devices proliferate, so that Beijings peak load surge, since 1997

14、, Beijing, the summer peak electricity load is greater than the beginning winter peak time for big load increasing year by year, the annual average load smaller year by year, gradually increasing peak and valley difference is expected in 2005, the Beijing power load reached 9100 MW, the power in Bei

15、jing, less obstructed due to various reasons to contribute to After the power supply can actually participate in a balanced capacity of 3066 megawatts, in need of external power 6034 MW, accounting for 66%; By 2010, the power load in Beijing reached 12,400 megawatts, the region for 5258 MW power sup

16、ply is required from outside the region affected by electricity 8611 MW, accounting for 69.4%. In order to improve security and reliability of electricity supply the capital region, strengthening the power grid construction, in the relevant conditions permit under the premise of a certain capacity i

17、n the region, the appropriate construction of the gas-steam combined cycle peaking power plant is needed, is also required to vigorously the development and regulation of gas-fired air-conditioning to alleviate the summer peak load. Two gas-fired air-conditioning at home and abroad of the status and

18、 prospects of development 2.1 Development of Foreign Gas Air-conditioning With gas-to-energy air-conditioning gas air conditioning for short. Gas-fired air-conditioning on a broad variety of ways: direct gas turbine, gas boiler steam absorption chillers, gas boiler steam turbine-driven centrifuge, g

19、as absorption heat pump, CCHP (Building Cooling Heating and Power System). Gas direct-fired machine is used to provide direct burning of combustible gas cooling, heating and sanitary hot water. Gas Direct gas turbine energy conversion means of less mature technology and the industry is developing ra

20、pidly and popular sense, therefore conventional gas-fired air-conditioning refers specifically to gas turbine directly. A variety of combustible gases in the most abundant gas reserves and the most clean, so the universal gas direct-fired gas turbine natural gas. Gas air conditioning and electric ai

21、r conditioner compared to the following advantages: full-featured, high capacity utilization, integrated investment province; equipment, energy utilization, and high operating costs province; natural gas as clean energy, combustion produces harmful gases is small; mechanical moving parts less vibrat

22、ion, low noise, wear a small, long service life; refrigerant for the lithium bromide aqueous solution, inexpensive and pollution-free; the most important are: extensive use of gas-powered air conditioner will not only help to improve the tense situation, but also for improving the electric power loa

23、d rate, improving the power balance between the rate of peak and valley are very impressive results, which not only can solve the energy utilization to reduce the waste of resources, but also for improving the operation of electrical equipment, electrical equipment utilization and investment in effe

24、ctive control of blind growth, lower costs and stable electricity power supply capacity has a significant economic and social benefits; In addition, the extensive use of gas-fired air-conditioning for the season of peak-valley effective balance gas, improve gas pipe network utilization, reduce the c

25、ost of gas has played an integrated role of self-evident. As easy to use, the power has been the first choice for all kinds of machinery and equipment of energy, air-conditioning is also true. Until the late 20th century, 60, officially boarded the air-conditioning gas air conditioning refrigeration

26、 technology arena. The relative power of its many advantages with air conditioning gas air conditioning in just three decades, as the outstanding representative of Japan has been developing rapidly. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download 2.2 Development Status of Chinas gas-fired air-cond

27、itioning 2.2.1 Current Situation of Air Conditioning Since 1992, China produced the first 30 104kcal / h gas-fired double-effect lithium bromide chiller unit, in 1993 produced the first 30 104kcal / h oil-type absorption chiller unit, Chinas development is very gas-fired air-conditioning fast, in re

28、cent years, Chinas direct-fired lithium bromide absorption chiller rapid development of the development of the status quo as shown in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 Over the past 10 years, Chinas production of lithium bromide absorption chiller is the number of We can see from the table, straight gas turbines

29、 account for about 50% of absorption chillers in the direct-fired generating units in the national energy policy, due to the adjustment of the fuel unit from 98 years of 63.6% to 57.7%, gas-fired units from 98 years of 36.4 % to 42.3%. With the launch of Chinas natural gas projects as well as the fu

30、el policy adjustments, the proportion of gas-fired generating units will increase rapidly. Chinas gas-fired air-conditioning started late, but rapid development, especially in technological advances to make the production of Chinas absorption chillers from the slow development of the situation in th

31、e past, toward the international level. Chinas direct-fired machine after several years of development, quality performance into the worlds advanced ranks, production scale, the number has risen to second in the world. In 1999, worldwide production of 6830 units absorption chiller, China accounted f

32、or 31%. Domestic direct gas turbine performance has been close to or reached the world advanced level. China made many of the key indicators of direct gas turbine is close to or reach (and even some of the key indicators over), and on the United States and other developed countries advanced level. 2

33、.2.2 Current Situation of Air Conditioning China Gas Air Conditioning since 1994, put into operation in Beijing after the development of gas-fired air-conditioning in North China and Northwest as the development of city gas development, especially in gas-Shan in 1997, after the introduction of the B

34、eijing-Tianjin area, gas air-conditioning in the Beijing-Tianjin area to be more rapid development, and in 1997 and 1998, the Beijing-Tianjin region about central air conditioning gas air conditioning sales in the host 30% of total sales. However, in 1999, due to sharp drop in the Chinese electricit

35、y industry has experienced relative surplus power, the power sector to implement a series of preferential measures for the sale of electricity and gas sector due to Chinas cities are in the enterprise restructuring process, not yet aware of or have not yet had time to develop measures for the promot

36、ion of gas-fired air-conditioning. Therefore, in 1999 and 2000, sales of gas-fired air-conditioning market share decline, and many customers in turn tend to buy electric air conditioning air conditioning. In short, Chinas gas industry due to a late start, a few years ago the National Gas Development

37、 has been slower, gas air ratio of the total air-conditioning is still very low current consumption of gas by gas-fired air-conditioning accounts for a lower ratio of total consumption of gas. Gas-fired air-conditioning on the development of a better Beijing, the 2000 consumption of gas by gas-fired

38、 air-conditioning accounts for Beijing the ratio of total annual gas consumption of less than 2%. 2.3 The prospects for the development of Air Conditioning Depends primarily on the development of gas-fired air-conditioning gas itself, especially natural gas development, is now the worlds energy expe

39、rts have been fully aware that natural gas will be the 21st century, global energy. Because natural gas is a convenient, safe and reliable supply of eco-fuel (heat value is high, less pollution, the greenhouse effect is low), plus the enormous potential of its resources (the worlds known natural gas

40、 reserves are more than 100 years of life cycle recent years, almost a year of proven natural gas reserves increase exponentially). Some 20 countries around the world in the past decade or so of time substantial investment, or comprehensive revision of their energy policies to encourage use of natur

41、al gas. Into the 21st century, the use of natural gas will continue to increase dramatically. Natural gas in the world of economic development and socio-cultural processes will play an increasingly important role. Because of the huge gas-fired air-conditioning economic and social benefits have been

42、gradually understood and understanding of the world, gas air conditioning very broad prospects for development. The advantages of gas-fired air-conditioning is the worlds energy experts and air-conditioning experts unanimously agree that, in many countries have or are preparing to implement a series

43、 of gas-fired air-conditioning promotion measures. China has been the cause of the rapid development of natural gas as a very important state policy, the same understanding of gas air-conditioning has also been a breakthrough in the progress made in recent years, experts and government gas air condi

44、tioners are growing louder. Countries in the gas air-conditioning design, use, installation, fire, safety, quality, etc. are being developed for supporting laws and regulations; the development of urban gas-gas-fired air-conditioning is further clear energy policy, and actively encourage the promoti

45、on of gas-fired air-conditioning planners, financial, finance, taxation, investment, environmental protection, urban construction and other related aspects of a comprehensive initiative to support the power sector is also beginning to realize that the development of gas-fired air-conditioning power development on the tremendous positive impact. Chinas gas-fired air-conditioning technology by leaps and bounds over the past few years has been a world leader in the domestic gas-fired air-conditioning industry was healthy