IT项目管理术语对照

1、英文术语汉语翻译Accept验收Acceptance验收Acceptance Criteria验收标准Acquire Project TeamProcess获取项目团队Activity活动Activity AttributesOutput/Input活动属性Activity Code活动编码Activity DefinitionProcess活动定义Activity Description（AD）活动描述Activity Duration活动历时Activity Duration EstimatingProcess活动历时估算Activity Identifier活动标识符Activity L

2、istOutput/Input活动列表Activity-on-Arrow（AOA）AOA、双代号法Activity-on-Node（AON）AON、单代号法Activity Resource EstimatingProcess活动资源估算Activity SequencingProcess活动排序Actual Cost（AC）实际成本Actual Cost of Work Performed（ACWP）已执行工作的实际成本Actual Duration实际历时Actual Finish Date（AF）实际完成日期Actual Start Date（AS）实际开始日期Analogous Est

3、imatingTechnique类比估算Application Area应用领域Apportioned Effort（AE）分配的工作量Approval批准Approve批准Approved Change Request已批准的变更请求Arrow箭线Arrow Diagramming Method（ADM）箭线图As-of Date截止日期AssumptionsOutput/Input假设Assumptions AnalysisTechnique假设分析Authority职权Backward Pass逆向推算Bar ChartTool条形图（甘特图）Baseline基线Baseline Fin

4、ish Date基线完成日期Baseline Start Date基线开始日期Bill of Materials（BOM）材料单Bottom-up EstimatingTechnique自底向上估算BrainstormingTechnique头脑风暴Budget预算Budget at Completion（BAC）完工预算Budgeted Cost of Work Performed（BCWP）已执行工作的预算成本Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled（BCWS）计划工作的预算成本Buffer缓冲Buyer买方Calendar Unit日历单位Change Contro

5、l变更控制Change Control Board（CCB）变更控制委员会Change Control SystemTool变更控制系统Change Request变更请求Chart of AccountsTool账目图表Charter章程（宪章）ChecklistOutput/Input检查单Claim索偿、索赔Close ProjectProcess结项（结束项目）Closing ProcessesProcess Group结束（收尾）过程Code of AccountsTool账目编码Co-locationTechnique同地办公Common Cause共同原因Communicatio

6、n沟通Communication Management PlanOutput/Input沟通管理计划Communications PlanningProcess沟通规划Compensation补偿Component部（组）件Configuration Management SystemTool配置管理系统ConstraintInput约束（条件）Contingency意外、应急情况Contingency Allowance应急余量Contingency ReserveOutput/Input应急储备ContractOutput/Input合同Contract AdministrationPro

7、cess合同管理Contract ClosureProcess合同终止/收尾Contract Management PlanOutput/Input合同管理计划Contract Statement of Work（SOW）Output/Input合同工作说明书Contract Work Breakdown Structure（CWBS）Output/Input合同工作分解结构ControlTechnique控制Control Account（CA）Tool控制帐目Control Account Plan（CAP）Tool控制账目计划Control ChartTool控制图Control Lim

8、its控制范围Controlling控制Corrective Action纠正措施Cost成本Cost Baseline成本基线Cost BudgetingProcess成本预算Cost ControlProcess成本控制Cost EstimatingProcess成本估算Cost Management PlanOutput/Input成本管理计划Cost of Quality（COQ）Technique质量成本Cost Performance Index（CPI）成本绩效系数Cost-Plus-Fee（CPF）成本加附加费Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee（CPFF）Contract成

9、本加固定附加费合同Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee（CPIF）Contract成本加奖励合同Cost-Plus-Percentage of Cost（CPPC）成本加成本比率合同Cost-Reimbursable Contract成本偿还合同Cost Variance（CV）成本偏差CrashingTechnique压缩、赶工Create WBS（Work Breakdown Structure）Process创建工作分解结构Criteria准则/标准Critical Activity关键活动Critical Chain MethodTechnique关键链法Critical P

10、athOutput/Input关键路径Critical Path Method（CPM）Technique关键路径法Current Finish Date当前结束日期Current Start Date当前开始日期Customer顾客、客户Data Date（DD）数据时期Date时期、日期Decision Tree AnalysisTechnique决策树分析Decompose分解DecompositionTechnique分解Defect缺陷Defect Repair缺陷修复DeliverableOutput/Input可交付物DelphiTechniqueTechnique德尔菲技术De

11、pendency依赖关系Design ReviewTechnique设计评审Develop Project CharterProcess制定项目章程Develop Project Management PlanProcess制定项目管理计划Develop Project Scope Statement（Preliminary）Process制定项目范围说明书（初步）Develop Project TeamProcess项目团队建设Direct and Manage Project ExecutionProcess指导和管理项目执行Discipline学科、专业Discrete Effort离散

12、工作量Document文档Documented Procedure总结并记录下来的流程Dummy Activity虚活动Duration（DU or DUR）历时Early Finish Date（EF）最早结束时间Early Start Date（ES）最早开始时间Earned Value（EV）挣值Earned Value Management（EVM）挣值管理Earned Value Technique（EVT）Technique挣值技术Effort工作量Enterprise企业EnterpriseEnvironmental FactorsOutput/Input企业环境因素/事业环境因

13、素EstimateOutput/Input估算Estimate at Completion（EAC）Output/Input完工估算Estimate to Complete（ETC）Output/Input完工尚需估算Event事件Exception Report异常报告Execute执行Executing执行Executing ProcessesProcess Group执行过程Execution执行Expected Monetary Value（EMV）Analysis期望货币值分析Expert JudgmentTechnique专家判断Failure Mode and Effect An

14、alysis（FMEA）Technique失效模式和影响分析Fast TrackingTechnique快速跟进Finish Date结束日期Finish-to-Finish（FF）结束-结束Finish-to-Start（FS）结束-开始Firm-Fixed-Price（FFP）Contract固定总价合同Fixed-Price-Incentive-Fee（FPIF）Contract固定价格加奖励合同Fixed-Price or Lump-Sum Contract固定价格或总额合同Float浮动时间FlowchartingTechnique流程图Forecasts预测、预想Forward P

15、ass正向推算、正推法Free Float（FF）自由浮动时间Functional Manager职能经理Functional Organization职能型组织Funds资金Gantt Chart甘特图Goods货物、物品、商品Grade等级Ground RulesTool基本规则、条例Hammock Activity集合活动Historical Information历史信息Human Resource PlanningProcess人力资源规划Imposed Date强制日期Influence DiagramTool影响图Influencer有影响力的人Information Distr

16、ibutionProcess信息发布Initiating ProcessesProcess Group启动过程、开始过程Initiator发起人InputProcess Input输入InspectionTechnique审查Integral整体（构成整体所必须的）Integrated整体的Integrated Change ControlProcess整体变更控制Invitation for Bid（IFB）邀标书Issue问题、争端Knowledge知识Knowledge Area Process知识域过程Knowledge Area，Project Management知识域、项目管理L

17、agTechnique滞后Late Finish Date（LF）最迟结束时间Late Start Date（LS）最迟开始时间Latest Revised Estimate最新修订的估算LeadTechnique超前Lessons LearnedOutput/Input经验教训Lessons Learned Knowledge Base经验知识库Level of Effort（LOE）投入水平Leveling平衡Life Cycle生命周期Log日志Logic逻辑Logic Diagram逻辑图Logical Relationship逻辑关系Manage Project TeamProces

18、s管理项目团队Manage StakeholdersProcess管理项目干系人Master ScheduleTool主进度表Materiel物资Matrix Organization矩阵型组织Methodology方法论Milestone里程碑Milestone ScheduleTool里程碑进度Monitor监督Monitor and Control Project WorkProcess监督和控制项目工作Monitoring监督Monitoring and Controlling ProcessesProcess Group监督和控制过程Monte CarloAnalysis蒙特卡洛分析

19、Near-Critical Activity近关键路径/次关键路径Network网络Network Analysis网络分析Network Logic网络逻辑Network Loop网络循环Network Open End网络开放端Network Path网络路径NetworkingTechnique人际网Node节点Objective目标、目的Operations（日常）运营Opportunity机会Organization组织Organization ChartTool组织图Organizational Breakdown Structure（OBS）Tool组织分解结构Organizat

20、ional Process AssetsOutput/Input组织过程财富/组织过程资产Original Duration（OD）初始历时OutputProcess Output输出Parametric EstimatingTechnique参数式估算Pareto ChartTool帕累托图Path Convergence路径会聚Path Divergence路径发散Percent Complete（PC or PCT）完成百分率Perform Quality Assurance（QA）Process执行质量保证Perform Quality Control（QC）Process执行质量控制

21、Performance Measurement Baseline绩效测量基线Performance ReportingProcess绩效报告Performance ReportsOutput/Input绩效报告Performing Organization执行组织Phase阶段Plan ContractingProcess计划签约Plan Purchases and AcquisitionsProcess计划购买和获取Planned Finish Date（PF）计划结束时间Planned Start Date（PS）计划开始时间Planned Value（PV）计划值Planning Pac

22、kage计划包Planning ProcessesProcess Group计划过程Portfolio投资组合Portfolio ManagementTechnique投资组合管理/项目组合管理Position DescriptionTool职（岗）位描述Practice惯例Precedence Diagramming Method（PDM）Technique前导图法Precedence Relationship前导关系Predecessor Activity前置活动Preventive Action预防措施Probability and Impact MatrixTool概率和影响矩阵Pro

23、cedure流程Process过程Process Group过程组Procurement DocumentsOutput/Input采购文档Procurement Management PlanOutput/Input采购管理计划Product产品Product Life Cycle产品生命周期Product Scope产品范围Product Scope Description产品范围描述Program大型项目Program Management大型项目管理Program Management Office（PMO）大型项目管理办公室Progressive ElaborationTechniq

24、ue渐进明细Project项目Project Calendar项目日历Project CharterOutput/Input项目章程Project Communications ManagementKnowledge Area项目沟通管理Project Cost ManagementKnowledge Area项目成本管理Project Human Resource ManagementKnowledge Area项目人力资源管理Project Initiation项目启动Project Integration ManagementKnowledge Area项目整体管理Project Lif

25、e Cycle项目生命周期Project Management（PM）项目管理Project Management Body of Knowledge（PMBOK）项目管理知识体系Project Management Information System（PMIS）Tool项目管理信息系统Project Management Knowledge Area项目管理知识域Project Management Office（PMO）项目管理办公室Project Management PlanOutput/Input项目管理计划Project Management Process项目管理过程Proje

26、ct Management Process Group项目管理过程组Project Management Professional（PMP）项目管理专业人员Project Management SoftwareTool项目管理软件Project Management SystemTool项目管理系统Project Management Team项目管理团队Project Manager（PM）项目经理Project Organization ChartOutput/Input项目组织章程Project Phase项目阶段Project Process Groups项目过程组Project Pr

27、ocurement ManagementKnowledge Area项目采购管理Project Quality ManagementKnowledge Area项目质量管理Project Risk ManagementKnowledge Area项目风险管理Project ScheduleOutput/Input项目进度Project Schedule Network DiagramOutput/Input项目进度网络图Project Scope项目范围Project Scope ManagementKnowledge Area项目范围管理Project Scope Management Pl

28、anOutput/Input项目范围管理计划Project Scope StatementOutput/Input项目范围说明书Project Sponsor项目出资人Project Stakeholder项目干系人Project Summary Work Breakdown Structure（PSWBS）Tool项目概要工作分解结构Project Team项目团队Project Team Directory项目团队名录Project Team Members项目团队成员Project Time ManagementKnowledge Area项目时间管理Project Work项目工作Pr

29、ojectized Organization项目型组织Qualitative Risk AnalysisProcess定性风险分析Quality质量Quality Management PlanOutput/Input质量管理计划Quality PlanningProcess质量规划Quantitative Risk AnalysisProcess定量风险分析Regulation规章Reliability可靠性Remaining Duration（RD）剩余历时Request for Information征集资料/信息Request for Proposal（RFP）方案征集书Request

30、 for Quotation（RFQ）报价请求Request Seller ResponsesProcess请求卖方回应Requested ChangeOutput/Input已申请的变更Requirement需求Reserve预留Reserve AnalysisTechnique预留分析Residual Risk残余风险Resource资源Resource Breakdown Structure（RBS）资源分解结构Resource Calendar资源日历Resource-Constrained Schedule受限于资源的进度Resource Histogram资源图Resource L

31、evelingTechnique资源平衡Resource-Limited Schedule资源受限的进度Resource Planning资源计划Responsibility Assignment Matrix（RAM）Tool职责分配矩阵Result成果、结果Retainage保证金Rework返工Risk风险Risk AcceptanceTechnique风险接受Risk AvoidanceTechnique风险规避Risk Breakdown Structure（RBS）Tool风险分解结构Risk Category风险类别Risk Database风险数据库Risk Identific

32、ationProcess风险识别Risk Management PlanOutput/Input风险管理计划Risk Management PlanningProcess风险管理规划Risk MitigationTechnique风险缓解Risk Monitoring and ControlProcess风险监督和控制Risk RegisterOutput/Input风险登记表Risk Response PlanningProcess风险响应规划Risk TransferenceTechnique风险转移Role角色Rolling Wave PlanningTechnique滚动式计划Root

33、 Cause AnalysisTechnique根本原因分析Schedule进度、进度表Schedule Activity进度活动Schedule Analysis进度分析Schedule CompressionTechnique进度压缩Schedule ControlProcess进度控制Schedule DevelopmentProcess进度制定Schedule Management PlanOutput/Input进度管理计划Schedule Milestone进度里程碑Schedule ModelTool进度模型Schedule Network AnalysisTechnique进度

34、网络分析Schedule Performance Index（SPI）进度绩效指数Schedule Variance（SV）进度偏差Scheduled Finish Date（SF）计划结束时间Scheduled Start Date（SS）计划开始时间Scope范围Scope Baseline范围基线Scope Change范围变更Scope ControlProcess范围控制Scope Creep范围蔓延Scope DefinitionProcess范围定义Scope PlanningProcess范围规划Scope VerificationProcess范围验证S-CurveS曲线Se

35、condary Risk二次风险Select SellersProcess卖方（供方）选择Seller卖方、供方Sensitivity Analysis敏感度（灵敏度）分析Service服务Should-Cost Estimate理想成本估算Simulation模拟Skill技能Slack松弛量Special Cause特定原因Specification规格说明书Specification Limits规格限定Sponsor出资人、出资方Staffing Management PlanProcess人员配置管理计划Stakeholder项目干系人Standard标准Start Date开始时间Start-to-Finish（SF）开始-结束Start-to-Start（SS）开始-开始Statement of Work（SOW）工作说明书Strengt