过去分词作后置定语ppt课件

1、The Past Participle as the Attribute,过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。,1. 过去分词作定语的含义,a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义,a broken cup a wounded soldier,a cup which is broken,a soldier who was wounded,a grown woman a retired officer,a woman who has grown,a officer who has retired,b. 不及物动词的过去

2、分词，具有主动和完成意义。,B: Yes. And we had canned fish, smoked sausages, cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard. We also played a lot of games there. B: Indeed, to our delight, we helped a lost boy to find his mother.,单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；,过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。,单个过去分词,过去

3、分词短语,2. 过去分词作定语位置,已升起的太阳,有组织的旅行,a risen sun,an organized trip,单个过去分词和形容词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词时,也要放在这些词后面。,nothing reported something important something else,过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换。, a letter written in pencil the book borrowed by Jack,= a letter which

4、was written in pencil,= the book which was borrowed by Jack,3. 过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换,4. 形容词性化过去分词作定语,常见的有：amazed, embarrassed, disappointed, excited, encouraged, bored, interested, tired, worried, surprised, satisfied, pleased, moved, frightened等。,The _ children were opening their presents.,A. excited B.

5、exciting C. excite D. excites,excited,过去分词与现在分词作定语,1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。,an inspiring speech,the inspired audience,鼓舞人心的演说,受到鼓舞的观众,the falling leaves,落叶（正往下落的）,落叶（已经落到地面的）,the fallen leaves,2. 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。 过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”, Do you know

6、the boy _(lie) under the big tree? He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.,lying,respected,3.及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.,the problem discussed yesterday the problem being discussed,已经发生，完成,正在发生,Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarket

7、s has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011江苏) A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 解析：compare的动作是survey发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。,高考解析,The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这个观点本身一

8、样重要。the ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式作后置定语。,Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 解析：句中的主语Tsinghua University与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间1911年可知found动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置定语。,1. The

9、players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (湖南 2011 ) A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 2. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. （2010 课标全国卷） A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing,3. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily. （北京2010） A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 4. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. （四川2010） A. to question B. to be questioned C. questi