新概念英语第二册Lesson31~35课文注释

1、新概念英语第二册lesson3135课文注释 新概念英语第二册课文注释lesson311.before he retired, frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前，弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理，但他小时侯却在一家小铺里做工。(1)head在此处的意思不是人或动物的“头部”，而是“首领”、“头目”，一般出现在“the head of +名词”结构中：john is the head of the family.约翰是一家

2、之主。frank is the head of that firm.弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。(2) as在这里为介词，表不“当时”，as a boy相当于 as he was a boy。2.it was his job to repair bicycles他那时的工作是修理自行车it为“先行主语”，句子的真正主语为to repair bicycles。3.he saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年积蓄，于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。(1)for years表示“许多年”

3、。(2)of ones own为固定短语，表示“自己的”、“属于自己的”，own为代词：he wanted a room of his own.他想要一个自己的房间。do you have a house of your own?你有自己的房子吗?4.in ones twenties，(在某人)二十多岁的时候。ones twenties/thirties/forties，二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁10的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量，与所有格形容词(my等)连用时表示大约的年龄：my aunt jennifer is in her late thirties/early for

4、ties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.我的姑妈詹妮弗已接近四十岁/四十出头，但她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。5.frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路，微笑了。(1)hard意思很多，在这里指“艰难的”、“困苦的”：she lived a hard life in those years.那些年她的生活很艰难。(2)ones early years

5、指某人的早年(生活)，意义相近的表达方式为early in ones life。(3) the long road to success是一种比喻的说法，因为success是抽象名词。to在这里表示方向、目的地，意义为“朝”、“往”、“向”等，这个短语的字面意义为“通向成功的漫漫长路”。新概念英语第二册课文注释lesson321.people are not so honest as they once were. 人们不再像以前那样诚实了。(1)“not so + 形容词+ as”引导的是比较状语从句，表示较低的程度，通常译为“不如那样”。(cf.本课语法)(2)once表示“以前”、“曾经

6、”时只能与动词的过去式连用：he once worked at a large company.他曾经在一家大公司工作过。2.the temptation to steal is greater than ever before偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候都更强烈(1)不定式 to steal为 temptation的定语，说明是什么样的诱惑。to引导不定式和to作为介词的区别很大：the temptation to smoke is strong for him.对他来说吸烟有很强的诱惑力。(to smoke为不定式)the cake on the table is a great tempt

7、ation to the child.桌上的蛋糕对那孩子是个极大的诱惑。(to the child为介词短语)(2)ever用于表示比较的从句中时意义为“曾经”、“以往任何时候”。在这句话中，省略的成分比较多，与ever before相比的是隐含的时间now，从句中省略成分为 it was(在 ever之前)。大多数含有比较状语从句的句子都可以省略句中的成分。3.on monday mornings，在星期一上午。morning用复数形式是表示经常性的情况，它前面有修饰词monday，所以介词要用on。4.one monday, there were fewer people in the s

8、hop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. 有一个星期一，当这位妇女走进这家商场时，里面的人比往常少，因此，侦探比较容易监视她。(1)one在此处表示“某一个”，不能用a 代替。(2)这个句子较长，there were引导的是主句，when引导的是它的时间状语从句，so引导的是结果状语从句，在主句和结果状语从句中又分别隐含比较状语从句。在结果状语从句 中，it为先行词，真正的主语是不定式短语for the detective to watch her。不定式短语往

9、往较长，作主语时通常要用先行词it作为形式主语：it is easy for you to help me.你帮助我是很容易的。5.as quickly as possible，以最快的速度。asas possible为固定短语，表示“尽可能”：he went home as soon as possible.他尽快回了家。i have sent you as many books as possible.我已经把书尽可能多地给你送来了。6.then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without payi

10、ng. 然后，那妇女拿过包就走出了商场，根本没有付钱。simply表示“仅仅”、“只”，有加强语气的作用。连词and表示动作的连续，相当于 and then。withoug paying可以当成是整个句子的方式状语，即那妇女没有，就paying为动名词。7.the girlgaveher mother a free dress once a week! 那姑娘每星期“送”她母亲一件免费的衣服!(1) gave加引号，表示姑娘不是真正给，而是偷。(2) free在这里的含义为“免费的”、“不要钱的”：children under five years old travel free.5岁以下儿童

11、免费旅行。tom gave me two free tickets.汤姆给了我两张免费的票。(3)“once a+ 表示时间的名词”可以表示频率：he comes to the office once a day.他每天来办公室一次。frank writes to his mother once a month.弗兰克每个月给他母亲写一次信。新概念英语第二册课文注释lesson331.nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。(

12、1) 这句话有两个从句。before一直到结尾是句子的时间状语从句。在这个从句中，explain又有自己的宾语从句，what为这个从句的主语。(2) before在引导时间状语从句时，有时不一定译为“在之前”，虽然表达的是这个意思，如文中的这句话。类似的情况有：it will be months before he can come back.要过好几个月他才能回来。he ran off before his mother could stop him.他母亲还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。2.one afternoon she set out from the coast in a small

13、 boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。(1) 我们已经学过 set out表示“出发”：captain alison will set out at eight oclock.艾利森船长将于8点钟启航。set out from表示“从出发”。(2) be caught in表示某人“(突然)遇到/上(风暴等)”：he was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.他在回家途中遇到了大雨。3.then she swam to the shore after spending the wh

14、ole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。介词after的宾语是动名词spending及这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个结构在意义上等于 after she had spent the whole nightin the water。4.during that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段时间里，她游了8英里。(1)that time指上句话中提到的the whole night。(2)cover可以笼统地表示“行过(一段路程)”，根据上下文可具体译为“走过”、“飞过”、“游过”等：the bi

15、rd covered the distance in three minutes.这只鸟用3分钟飞完了全程。(3)表示具体的距离可以用“a distance of+ 具体长度”这个结构。5.high up on the cliffs，在高高的峭壁上。up为形容词，表示“在上面的”、“高高的”、“在较高处的”，high为副词，修饰up。6.on arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthe light she had seen.到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。(1)“on+ 动名词”相当

16、于 as soon as或 when 引导的时间状语从句：on reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.他一到机场就被警察逮捕了。(2)she had seen为 the light的定语从句，关系代词 that/which省略了。(3)up 在此处为介词，表示“沿着往上”。7.that was all she remembered. 她所记得的就是这些。that指前面(从第2句话开始)描述的内容。she remembered为all 的定语从句，关系代词that(不能用which)被省略了。新概念英语第二册lesson34课文注

17、释1.dan robinson has been worried all week. 丹鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期。worried 在这里可以当成是形容词，表示“焦虑的”、“担心的”。worry 也可以作及物动词，表示“使担心/发愁”等：she appears to be worried by/ about something.好像有什么事使她发愁。(用于被动语态时，过去分词与形容词意义差不多)2.the local police，当地警察局。local 可以表示“地方性的”或“当地的”、“本地的”：a local newspaper 地方性报纸local news 本地新闻local shop

18、s邻近的商店3.dan wondered why he was wanted by the police丹奇怪警察为什么找他(1) wonder表示“想知道”时后面往往跟疑问词引导的从句：she wondered who that man was/ what had happened. 她想知道那个人是谁/到底发生了什么事。(2) want用于被动语态时可以表示“想与(某人见面、谈话等)”或“缉拿”、“追捕”：please wait a minute. im wanted on the phone.请等一下。有我的电话。this is the man (who is) wanted by th

19、e police.这就是警察在追捕的那个人。4.a smiling policeman ，一位面带笑容的警察。smiling 为现在分词，作定语，其作用相当于形容词。还可以说：a sleeping dog 一只睡着的狗a worried face 一张焦虑的脸5.five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. 那位警察对他说，那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的。(1)这句话实际上是一个间接引语(cf.第15课语

20、法)，其正常语序应为： the policeman told him that five days ago the bicycle was picked up语序变化后，the policeman told him成了插入成分，引导从句的that也被省略，引述的部分被分割成两部分。(2) four hundred miles away修饰 village，相当于从句 which wasfour hundred miles away。(3) pick up的含义之一为“(偶然地、无意地)获得”、“找到”、“学会”：ive picked up a bad cold.我得了重感冒。i picked

21、up some french while travelling in paris.在巴黎游览期间我学了几句法语。he picked up the book in a small library.他在一个小图书馆发现了那本书。6.it is now being sent to his home by train.现在正用火车给他运回家来。这句话是被动语态用于现在进行时，其结构为“am/is/are+ be-ing+过去分词”(cf.第10课语法)：the clavichord is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这架古钢琴

22、。新概念英语第二册lesson35课文注释1.a short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and be has not regretted it.然而就在前不久，他开上了公共汽车，也并不为此而感到后悔。(1)while作名词表示“一会儿”、“(一段)时间”时常与a连用，有时也与the，this等连用：they havent seen each other for a long while.他们有很长时间没见面了。have you been in australia all this while?这段时间你一直在澳大利亚吗?i saw h

23、er a short while ago.我刚才还见到她了。(2)句尾的it代指 he became a bus driver这件事。2.far more exciting，令人兴奋得多。在形容词和副词的比较级与级前面，可以用far(相当于much)来表示强调：its for/ much colder today than it was yesterday.今天比昨天要冷得多。houses are far/ much more expensive these days.如今的房价贵多了。this is(by) far the most expensive bicycle in the shop.这是这家商店里最贵的自行车。(比其他的要贵好多)3. saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.看到两个小偷从一家商店里冲出来，奔向等在那里的一辆汽车。(1) see和其他一些感知动词(如 feel， hear，no