2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题：动词的语态（含答案）

1、重难点分析在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要多、要普遍，但大多数句子都使用主动语态。被动语态在英语中极为重要。高考中通常把时态和语态结合起来考查。动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：People speak English all over the world. 全世界的人都在讲英语。(the active voice)English is spoken by people all over the world. (the passive voice)一

2、、动词的被动语态构成一览表(以ask为例)常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成一般现在时am/is/are asked现在完成时have/has been asked 一般过去时was/were asked过去完成时had been asked 一般将来时will/shall be asked过去将来时would/should be asked现在进行时am/is/are being asked过去将来完成时would/should have been asked过去进行时was/were being asked含有情态动词can/must/maybe asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个

3、助动词或情态动词后面加not；短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：We are not allowed to smoke. 不允许我们抽烟。/ He is often made fun of by his classmates. 他经常被他的同班同学捉弄。/ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m. 过去报纸常常是上午10点被送到的。据说类动词，如：It is said/believed/supposed/r

4、eported that, It is generally considered that, It is well known that等，及It must be admitted/pointed out that等结构常以被动形式出现。以下主动形式常表被动意义：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。/ The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。/ The door wont shut/open. 这门不能关/开。/ The play wont act. 这部戏不能演。/ The clothes wash

5、 well. 这些衣服很好洗。/ The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。/ The dish tastes delicious. 这份菜尝起来很美味。/ Water feels very cold. 水摸上去很冷。不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等不能用于

6、被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外)：be, appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等

7、二、被动语态和系表结构的区别1. 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如：The cup was broken by a boy. 这个杯子是被一个男孩打破的。(被动语态)The cup is broken. 这杯子是破的。(系表结构)2. 前者可有多种时态，而后者通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：My bike is being / will be / was repaired. (被动语态) 我的自行车正在被修理/将被修理/被修理过了。He is/was interested in his work. (系表结构) 他对他的工作感兴趣。3. 被动语态可

8、跟by短语，表动作的执行者。如：The dress was made by my mother. 这件衣服是我妈妈做的。考点练透一、单句填空 用括号中所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空。1. When money _(spend), we can earn it back, but when time is lost, it will never return.2. Customers are asked to make sure that they _(give) the right change before leaving the shop.3. Great changes _(take

9、place) in the city, and a lot of factories _(set up).4. The police found that the house _(break into) and a lot of things _(steal).5. The discussion _(come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.6. The head teacher says that all the preparations for the party _(complete) by Friday.7. The we

10、t weather will continue tomorrow when a cold frost _(expect) to arrive.8. The careless driver is _(blame) for the traffic accident that _(happen) yesterday.9. Flowers usually _(sell) well on Valentines Day, so their flowers _(sell) in no time that day. 10. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I

11、_(tell) the cloth _(wash) well.11. Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) _(say) to have bought birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.12. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _(grade) now.13. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _(dis

12、cover) in science and technology.14. The work needs _(complete) by 6 p.m.15. The number of deaths from heart disease _(reduce) greatly if people are persuaded to eat more vegetables.16. We should get into the good habit of saving time and never leave what can _(do) today until tomorrow. 17. I hold t

13、he belief that more measures will _(take) to prevent loss of soil along the Yellow River. 18. In recent years, more and more highways and overpasses _(build up) in Guangzhou.19. Many man-made satellites _(send up) into space so far by many countries.20. Many more trees _(plant) next year.二、语法填空 阅读下面

14、短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There is no doubt that the job interview is an important part of job hunting, as the impression you create during the job interview can make the interviewer feel “with you” or “against you”. The job interview is the time to “sell” 1 by giving examples of experiences you

15、have had related to the job and 2 revealing (展现) your good point. In order to make 3 solid impression with success, you had better keep the following two rules in mind:One is to present yourself and your 4 (able) to do the job. However, dont exaggerate the truth; just be honest. Second, do more list

16、ening than talking. Listen carefully and get involved in 5 the interviewer is saying. A good 6 (listen) is often a considerate person and 7 (appreciate) by everyone staying with you. 8 it is important to talk about your successful experiences, dont come on too strong and sound like a boaster (吹嘘者).

17、9 you are not sure what the job will require of you, ask questions to see whether you do feel qualified. Most interviewers will appreciate your questions 10 your ability to listen and respond.助读词汇interviewer n. 面试官 solid adj. 可靠的 present vt. 呈现；介绍 exaggerate vt. 夸大 considerate adj. 体贴的 qualified adj

18、. 合格的appreciate vt. 欣赏 job hunting 求职 related to 与有关 keepin mind 记住get involved in 参与 There is no doubt that 毫无疑问三、佳作欣赏 下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，其中也包含有动词或动词短语，用心体会其用法。No doubt every grade three student wishes to be successful in the National College Entrance Examination. Yet what should

19、we do in order to achieve success? Here are some suggestions.First, its very important to have a right attitude, for a normal state of mind and self-confidence not only helps us to relax but also enables us to overcome difficulties bravely. Meanwhile, we should have a definite goal and a correct est

20、imation of ourselves. Only in this way will we not be easily pleased or disappointed with what we have known and done. Besides, wed better sometimes talk with our parents, teachers or classmates, who may help us out when were in trouble. Finally, striking a proper balance between study and rest keep

21、s us energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well.With these done, I think we can greatly improve our performance. 答案考点练透一、单句填空1. is spent 2. have been given 3. have taken place; have been set up 4. had been broken into; stolen 5. came 6. will have been completed 7. is expected 8. to blame; happened 9. sell; were sold 10. have been told; washes 11. is said 12. is being graded 13. has been discovered 14. completing / to be completed 15. will be reduced 16. be done 17. be taken 18