历年专八翻译真题.doc

1、历年专八英译汉翻译真题1995I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring onl

2、y that which is easily measured- the numbers on the money chart - and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter fo

3、r whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I dont want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasol

4、ine goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of

5、 town or excused as the whims of alien groups - when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities - the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rul

6、es and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。乡下有不用付报酬便可请来照看孩子的邻居，作为回报，我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间互相交换技能和劳动。但比之更重要的是，你如何来衡量那静谧与安详？如何来衡量自我价值呢？我无意将小地方的生活理想化。因为有时外面的世界会无情地侵入：比如汽油价格上涨，开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田；那里充斥着凶残和偏狭，大城市的种种卑劣行径，小地方也一应俱全。

7、不仅如此，当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为，而又不得不承认这一切是我们的一部分时，就更难以忽视它们。1996It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop o

8、f the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and

9、 television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military stre

10、ngth, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源，是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是，他们的候选人是罗纳德里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰F肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝

11、图的总统：一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。1997年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围） of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃） societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近

12、的，可达到的） to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）

13、 towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就） in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石） for all our eff

14、orts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.译文1：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支

15、付能力的人。然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，为了搏杀，而且还有一个目的，那就是动手作画。人们对文化的冲动，即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望，才是最根本的。在欧洲，人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作，实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是衡量人类努力程度的试金石，是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准，它们有着最深厚的寓意，并在人们彼此之间传播。译文2：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受，而且人们不可避免地要为此支付昂贵的费用。然而，只要你不放弃对社会权利的选择，高档享受不可

16、避免地成为富人的特有的领域。我们可以让歌剧和其他费用昂贵的文化形式面向那些个人承受不起费用的大众。然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、安全、健康与教育的必要性。但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，或者是单纯地为了搏杀，也可以是为了刻画。人们对文化的冲动，对表达的渴望，以及通过想象和表述对世界的探索等，才是最根本的。在欧洲，人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等杰作的成就形式实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是检验人类努力程度的标准，也是检验人类追求的思想和想象能力的标准，它们承载着丰富的信息，并得以在彼此之间相互传播。1998年: English to Chine

17、se：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggress

18、ive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent e. g. in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native product

19、s and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert（断言、声称）that it is completely unli

20、ke that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step（同步）. At any given moment（在任何时候） the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though

21、sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification（限制、限定、资格） to precede（领先、超前） the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree（唯一只是在程度上）, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount

22、 of divergence（分歧、差异） is a subtle （微妙的）affair, liable（有可能的） to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses （重要的感觉）grew out of his own, which in several ways（在有些方面）still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overl

23、appings（重叠） and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship(亲缘关系) yields to a sudden alienation（疏远关系）, as when we hail（打招呼） a person across the street, only to discover from his blank（没有表情的） response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.【参考译文二】谈到“美国”文学，并不是说它与欧洲文学完全不同。总体来说，美国和欧洲一直保持同步发展。旅游者在任何时候都能在两地看到（

24、城市里矗立的是）同一样式的建筑，（人们穿着的是）同一款式的服饰，摆放在书架上的是同一风格的书籍。思想观念也象人和商品一样可以自由地跨越大西洋，只是有时在时间上要慢得多。谈到美国人的习惯和思想等概念时，我想在“美国式”的前面再加上某个限制性的词语，因为在欧美之间（尤其是美英之间）的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，而且有的时候，差异的程度也很小，差异也几乎是微乎其微的。英国人看美国，很可能会让他们感到迷惑不解。感到他们看到的这个国家好象是从自己国家发展而来的，很多方面和他们自己的国家类似，然而却仍然是“外国”。两个国家有着莫名的相似，却又给人一种突然的陌生感。疏远感突然间取代了亲缘关系，就仿佛我们隔

25、着马路打招呼一样，从对方那茫然的神情中发现我们原来是认错了人。【参考译文一】 English to Chinese：因此，我们在说“美国”文学，并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。一般来说，美国和欧洲一直在同步发展。无论何时，旅游者在两地都能看到同一式的建筑，见到同一款式的服饰，读到摆在书架上的同一风格的书籍。在大洋两岸，人们的思想观念，就容易同人员与货物一样，可以自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓。谈到美国人的习惯、美国人的思维等概念时，我想在“美国式的”这几个词前面再加上某种修饰，因为欧美之间（尤其是英美之间）的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，而且在有的时候，是极低程度上的差异而已。差异的

26、程度微乎其微，很可能会使审视美国的英国人感到迷惑不解。重要的是，英国人所审视的这个国家诞生于英国，并在不少方面仍与英国相差无几-然而，实实在在是个异邦。两地有着莫名的共同之处，以及令人深感突兀的陌生感。原先的亲戚已形同陌路，就仿佛隔着马路招呼，等看到对方一脸茫然时，我们才意识到认错人。1999年：English to Chinese：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to p

27、ropitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border（接壤、相近）with the fo

28、llowing category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy（使 忙（有事干） the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption（设想、假设 consumption 消费） that family happiness lies that way. The point is un

29、derlined（突出、显现） by its converse（反面、相反）: in some societies the failure to bear children（养孩子） (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that（除了这些 ）is the profound（深刻的、深远的） significance of children to the very institution（结构） of the family itself. To many people, h

30、usband and wife alone do not seem a proper family（完整的） they need children to enrich the circle（丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子）, to validate（使有效） its family character（家族的特征、风格）, to gather（增加、集合） the redemptive（赎回的, 用于补偿的）influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as

31、the social institution（社会结构）uniquely（唯一） available, at least in principle, for （获得）security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance（生计） and in generational extension（家族的繁衍

32、）.【参考答案】：English to Chinese：另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴住丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。在这个变幻莫测，常常不

33、尽友善的世界上，家庭作为社会的基本单位，至少可在原则上，以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障，抚慰家人受伤的心灵，为家人指出生活方向，因此，孩子需要家庭，但与此同时，家庭也需要孩子。2000年：ENGLISH TO CHINESE If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely（不合时宜的，timely:适时的、及时的） death”, they must believe that some deaths run on（连续, 不分段, 流逝, 涉及）a better schedule than others. Death in

34、old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing（= passing away 死亡）of a young person, one assumes（假定、设想） that the best years lay ahead and the measure（尺度、评价） of that life was still to be taken.History denies this, of course. Among prominent（卓越的、突出的）summe

35、r（壮年时期, 青春）deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe（马丽莲梦露 ）and James Deans（詹姆士迪恩斯）, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats（约翰济慈）died at 26, and only half playfully（开玩笑地） judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea

36、that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity（强度、亮度=achievements: 成就）and virtue（德行、品德）.【参考译文】如果人们使用“死不逢时”的时候有所指的话，那肯定认为一些人的逝世是寿终正寝，而另外一些人的辞世则是英年早逝。很少有人会说因年老而死亡是“死不逢时”-人们总是把老年人的寿终正寝看作是一种圆满。但是对于一个英年早逝的人，

37、人们常常认为他的好日子还在后头，对他短暂的一生作出评价还为时尚早。 然而，历史对此观点持否定态度。谈到英年早逝的人物，人们常常回想起马丽莲梦露和詹姆士迪恩斯。二人生命虽短，却功成名就。作家们难以接受英国诗人约翰济慈26岁便匆匆辞世的残酷现实，然而，当他们26岁时，只有自嘲虚度年华碌碌无为的份了。那种认为生命短暂就不圆满的观点是不合逻辑的，因为评价一个人的一生应当看他给世人留下的印象，他所取得的成就，以及他的个人品质。2001年： ENGLISH TO CHINESEPossession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of th

38、e neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvat

39、ion, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist（要点，主旨） of it. There is no happiness except as we take on(接纳) life-engaging（有魅力的、迷人的） difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we

40、 get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms（相同的表达、看法） when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw （致命的缺陷）in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports（宣称、声称） to be effort

41、less.We demand difficulty even in our games（体育比赛、游戏）. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary（武断的） imposition（强迫接受） of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by

42、 refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.【参考译文】努力是问题的关键。如果不经历艰难困苦，就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言，除了极少数不大可能出现的情况外，我们一生中得到的满意程度取决于我们愿意克服的困难有多大。美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特

43、谈到“苦中求乐”时，也表达了相同的看法。出现在广告中的幸福都有一个致命的错误，那就是，不费吹灰之力即可获得幸福。即使在体育比赛中，我们也需要克服困难。我们需要克服困难，因为没有困难就没有比赛。比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困难，以便难中取乐。制定比赛规则就是故意制造困难。违反竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣。下棋时，如果不受规则的约束，高兴怎么走就怎么走，你很容易取胜。然而，乐趣源于胜利而又遵守规则。没有困难，也就没有乐趣。2002年：ENGLISH TO CHINESEThe word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When they refer t

44、o a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genien, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they s

45、hould be; rather, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence(伪装) and manipulating（操纵） others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgea

46、ble and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.优胜者会有自己的生活理念，其生活不会局限于某种假想的理念；取而代之的是，他们坚持自我，并不会费力去装腔作势，刻意去维持虚伪，或者劳神去操纵他人。他们深知，真爱和虚情之差，愚蠢和糊涂之异，真才和伪学之别。优胜者无需掩藏自我。Winners are not afraid of to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opini

47、ons and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished（毁坏、推翻）, bound, or awed（敬畏） by them.优胜者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。他们能辨别意念和事实，不会假装自己无所不晓，无所不

48、能。他们善于倾听他人的见解，并权衡其利弊，但最终得出 的是自己的结论。尽管他们会敬重他人，但不会受到局限和束缚，也不会被吓倒，更不会因此而自溃。Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume（假定、设想、采取） responsibility for their own lives.优胜者不会面对困难而显得无助（敢于只面困难），也不会怨天尤人。相反，他们会努力肩负起自己对待生活的责任。【参考答案】 ENGLISH TO CHINESE胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他

49、们所想象的为人之道；相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。他们深知，在真心关爱和虚情假意之间，在顽固不化和大智若愚之间，在真才实学和装学富五车之间，实质上都存在着天壤之别。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。胜者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。他们能将事实和观点区分开来，不会僭称自己无所不晓。他们会倾听他人的见解，并权衡利弊，从而最终得出自己的结论。尽管会钦佩敬重他人，但他们从不为其所羁绊。胜者绝不装出可怜巴巴的样子，以企图博得他人同情，他们也不怨天尤人。相反，他们会毅然肩负起对自己人生的责任。 ST1. 成功者们不以他们设想

50、的理念来规约他们自己的生活，而是体现自我本色。他们不会耗费精力去虚伪得生活，在人前“表演”，甚至操纵他人。他们懂得他人与假装关爱他人的不同，懂得真正的愚昧与假装愚昧之间的区别，懂得知识渊博与实则浅薄之间的差别。成功者们无须带着面具生活。 成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实，而不会假装他们自己无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左右，或被他人打垮。St2:成功者们不以他们设想的理念来规约他们自己的生活，而是体现自我本色。他们不会耗费精力去虚伪得生活，在人前“表演”，甚至操纵他人。他们懂得

51、他人与假装关爱他人的不同，懂得真正的愚昧与假装愚昧之间的区别，懂得知识渊博与实则浅薄之间的差别。成功者们无须带着面具生活。 成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实，而不会假装他们自己无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左右，或被他人打垮。 2003年：ENGLISH TO CHINESEIn his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his co

52、usin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis（大城市，大都市）. But his cousin looks around bewildered（困惑、迷惑）. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements（改造的地方）which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished she

53、cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating（讲述、描述、阐述）a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness（minded:有思想的，

54、着眼未来的）: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered 【没有阻碍的, 不受妨碍的；cumber（n.）障碍encumber（v.）阻碍encumbered有阻碍的unencumbered没有阻碍的】by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is a

55、lways becoming(会变成什么样子), never being（现在是什么样子）.”【参考答案】 ENGLISH TO CHINESE詹姆斯费尼莫库珀在其经典小说拓荒者中，讲述了主人公，一个土地开发商人，带着他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。他说，这是一个熙熙攘攘的大都市，街道宽阔，房屋林立。而他的表妹却环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。她不禁问道：“你要给我看的美景在哪，被你改造了的地方又在哪?”。开发商没料到他的表妹竟看不到他所讲的一切，惊讶地回答说，“哪儿?到处都是啊!”虽然这一切还未在大地上建成，但他已经在脑海里建好了，对他来说，这一切都像已经建成竣工了那样真实

56、具体。在这里库珀揭示了美国人的一个典型特点：那就是着眼未来，也就是说，他们能够从未来的角度看待现在的一切，可以不为过去所羁绊看待现在，在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样：“对美国人来说，生活总是在发展变化中，从来不会静止不变。”2004年：ENGLISH TO CHINESEFor me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewardi

57、ng. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.Im lonely only when I am overtired, when I have work

58、ed too long without a break, when from the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim(边缘) with experience that needs to be sorted out（挑选、选择）.Then for a l

59、ittle while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self（本性、本我）is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one（指代 plant植物）as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf（水浪）blowing up in fountains（喷泉）, but the moment（ 指the lonely moment） comes when the worlds falls away, and the self