深圳牛津版初中英语语法教案大全

1、.名词（一） 概述 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是： 人的名字 li ming, tom 地方名称 china, london 职业称呼 teacher, doctor 物品名称 pencil, dictionary 行为名称 study, invention 抽象概念 history, grammar （二）普通名词和专有名词 1普通名词 凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词，都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型： 1）个体名词 个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物，例如：

2、he has two aunts. most classrooms have computers. 也可指抽象东西，例如： weve lived here for twenty years. i had a dream last night 个体名词有复数形式，如：weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用，如：a week, a problem, an old man. 2）集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词： family（家，家庭） army（军队） company（公司；全体船员） enemy（敌人） government（政府） grou

3、p（小组，团体） public（公众） team（队；组） police（警方） 作单数看待 作复数看待 his family isnt large. 他家人不多。 the government is planning to build a dam here. 政府打算在这里建一座水坝。 the public was unlikely to support it. 公众支持它的可能性不大。 his family are all music lovers. 他家的人都喜欢音乐。 the government are discussing the plan. 政府在讨论这个计划。 the publ

4、ic were deceived by the newspaper. 公众受到报纸的蒙骗。 集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般说来，视为整体时作单数看待，想到它的成员时作复数看待：精品.有的集体名词通常用作单数，例如： our company is sending him to work in berlin. 有的集体名词多作复数看待。 精品.the police are looking for him. 3）物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有： beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, ja

5、m, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。 一般说来，物质名词是不可数折，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况： a有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”，“一杯”： tree beers, please. a chocolate ice-cream for me. b有此物质名词可作可数名词，表示“一种”： it was a special tea which tasted

6、of orange blossoms. 这是一种特别的茶，有桔子花叶。 it was a delicious wine. c个别物质名词可用于复数形式或有特殊意义： it was now the time of the spring rains. here are the snows of last year. d抽象名词 抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念，一般不可数，因此没有复形，前面也一般不加不定冠词a/an。常见的抽象名词有： age, anger, beauty, childhood, death, duty, fear, fun, happiness, health, help, his

7、tory, industry, joy, labour, love, luck, music, nature, peace, pleasure, power, safety, silence, sleep, time, training, travel, trust, truth, waste, weather, work, worth, youth等。 精品.在多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。例如： safety first! its wonderful weather.但有时也加定冠词the,或不定冠词a/an. 例如： i shall never forget the

8、beauty of that lake. theres a beauty in simplicity. 朴实之中有一种美。 2专有名词 专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。例如： 1）人名：mary, mrs green, zhanghua 2）地名：beijing, west lake 3）某类人的名称：americans, russians 4）某些抽象事物的名称：english, chinese 5）月份、周日及节日名称：may, saturday, easter 6）书名、电影及诗歌的名称：cone with the wind 7）对家人等的称呼：mum, dad, u

9、ncle tom 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 （三）可数名词和不可数名词 精品.名词按所表示的事物的性质分为可数与不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。 普通名词中的个体名词和集体名词一般是可数的，所以它们又可称为可数名词。可数名词单数往往要同不定冠词a或an连用，复数则要使用其复数形式。例如：单数 复数 a country a class a sheep a tomato countries classes sheep tomatoes 普通名词中的物质名词和抽象名词及专有名词一般是不可数的，这些名词又可称为不可数名词。不可数名词不能用不定冠词修饰，也不存在复数形

10、式，如ice (冰)，water (水), rice (稻子)等。 在英语中个别名词既可以作不可数名词，又可以作可数名词。但由于用法不同，它们的意思往往也不大相同，对这些名词要特别注意。 精品.作不可数名词 作可数名词 glass 玻璃 paper 纸张 time 时间 work 消息 玻璃杯；镜子；眼镜 报纸；文件；考卷 次数；时代 单词；话语 例如 一般说来，汉语和英语对某一个名词是否可数的看法基本上是一致的。但也有不少名词在汉语中常被用作可数名词，而在英语中却绝对是不可数名词，对这些名词也要特别注意，发如：fun ，work ，advice ，weather ，homework ，new

11、s ，money ，information ，bread ，hair )，chalk ，furniture 等。 （四）可数名词复数形式的构成 可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es，现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下： 情况 构成方法 例词 读音 一般情况 在词尾加-sdeskdesks mapmaps -s在请辅音后发s音 daydays girlgirls -s在元音私浊畏音后发z 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus buses boxboxes watchwatches fishfishes es发iz音 精品.以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i再

12、加-es familyfamilies factoryfactories partyparties -ies发iz音 以元音字母y结尾的词 在词尾加-sdaydays boyboys keykeys -s发z音 以f或fe 结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es knifeknives lifelives wifewives halfhalves -ves发vz音 以辅音字母加o结尾的词 在词尾加-es potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes -es发z音 以元音字母加o结尾的词 在词尾加-sradioradios zoozoos -s发z音 少数以辅音字

13、母加o结尾的名词变为复数时只加-s。如：photophotos, pianopianos 等。 精品.有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时也只加-s。如：handkerchiefhandkerchiefs, roofroofs等。 英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须把它们牢记在心。如：manmen, womanwomen, frenchmanfrenchmen, childchildren, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mousemice, sheepsheep, deerdeer, fishfish等。 （五）名词的所有格 在英语中，有些名词的词尾

14、可以加上s，用来表示所有关系，这种结构称为名词的所有格。 1名词所有格的构成 名词所有格的构成一般有以下三种情况： 1）如果名词是单数，只在词尾加s。 the boys schoolbag 这男孩的书包 the workers shoes 这个二人的鞋 2）复数名词如果以s结尾，只加（在s的右上角）即可 the teachers office 老师们的办公室the students classroom 学生们的教室 3）复数名词如果不以s结尾，则在词尾加s womens day 妇女节 the peoples park 人民公园 2名词所有格的用法 名词的所有格主要有以下五种用法： 1）表示人

15、成动物与其他的人、动物或事物的所有关系。 精品.he is marys younger brother. they are reading lei fengs diaries. 2）表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词与其他事物的所有关系。 our school is half an hours walk from here. beijing is chinas capital. 3）表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系，一般使用与of构成的短语结构。 the front door of the house was painted red. there is a map of the world on

16、the front wall of our classroom精品.4）名词所有格后面跟地点，往往要将地点名词省略。 my sister often goes to my uncles. you look ill. youd better go to the doctors. 5）被名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提出到过，一般可以省略。 i am using my dictionary. you can use toms. our bedroom is much larger than john and dicks.（六）可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达 1两种名词都有能修饰的数量词有：so

17、me, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of等。 please give me some paper. i dont want to borrow any magazines. 2用来修饰可数名词的数量词有：many, several. hundreds of, a number of, a pair of, a few, few等。 you have made quite a few spelling mistakes in your composition. several days later, a group of students went to hel

18、p the old man. 3用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有：much, a great deal of, a bit of, a drop of, a piece of, quite a little, little,等。 i want a piece of red chalk. please give her a bit of bread. （七）名词的用法 1作主语 the radio says that it may stop raining later. 广播说一会儿雨可能会停。 2作表语 例 class 3 were the winners. 三班获胜了精品.3作宾语 例如： i

19、told him a story. 我给他讲了个故事。 4作宾语补足语 例如： he named her jenny. 他给她取名詹妮。 5作定语 we are discussing the population problem. 我们正在讨论人口问题。 6作状语 例如： he sat here a long time. 他坐在这儿很久了。 7与介词组成词组 i am working hard on my chinese. 我正在努力学习汉语。 8作介词宾语 例如： give the money to your sister. 把钱给你姐精品.三、随堂监测a组 i. 写出下列名词的复数形式：

20、1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 精品.7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. wish _ 22. german _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _

21、26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. american _33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ ii. 将下列词组译成英语： 1、一群孩子 2、两箱子苹果 3、三篮子蔬菜 4、九块面包 5、十杯牛奶 6、五块肉 7、多种植物 8、一副眼镜 9、两块冰 10、三张纸 11、四瓶橘汁 12、五杯茶 13、六碗米饭 14、七袋米 15

22、、八块木头 16、九块金属 iii. 写出下列各词的名词形式： 1. work _ 2. teach _ 3. sing _ 4. ill _ 5. fight _ 6. invent _ 7. wait _ 8. woolen _ 9. win _ 10. thankful _ 11. foreign _ 12. cloudy _ 13. run _ 14. dirty _15. visit _ 16. funny _ 17. wooden _ 18. medical _19. operate _ 20. hot _ 21. invite _22. worried _23. build _

23、24. please _ 25. help _ 26. safe _27. die _ 28. dangerous _ 29. draw _ 30. noisy _精品.四、随堂监测b组 . 选择填空： 1. i want to buy _. a. two bottles of ink b. two bottle of inkc. two bottle of inks d. two bottles of inks 2. they dont have to do _ today. a. much homework b. many homeworks c. many homework d. muc

24、h homeworks 精品.3. the _ of machine made us feel sick. a. voice b. noise c. sound d. noises 4. the blouse is made of _.a. a wool b. these wood c. wools d. wool 5. there are three _ and seven _ in the picture. a. cows, sheeps b. cows, sheep c. cow, sheep d. cow, sheeps 6. june 1 is _. a. childrens day

25、 b. childrens day c. childrens day d. childrens day 7. _ room is next to their parents. a. kates and joans b. kates and joan c. kate and joans d. kate and joan 8. miss green is a friend of _. a. marys mothers b. marys mother c. mary mothers d. mothers of mary 9. tom is _. he will come to see me. a.

26、my a friend b. a friend c. mine friend d. a friend of mine 10. sheep _ white and milk _ also white. a. is, are b. are, is c. is, is d. are, are 11. id like to have a glass of milk and _. a. two breads b. two pieces of breads c. two pieces of bread d. two piece of bread 12. its a long _ to paris. its

27、 two thousand kilometers. a. street b. road c. way d. end 13. many _ are singing over there. a. woman b. women c. girl d. child 14. he bought _. a. two pairs of shoes b. two pair of shoes c. two pairs of shoe d. two pair of shoe 15. mr. white has three _. a. child b. children c. childs d. childrens

28、16. beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world. a. citys b. city c. cityes d. cities 精品.17. - wheres mr. white? - hes in _. a. the room 202 b. room 202 c. the room 202 d. room 202 18. shops, hospitals and schools are all _. 精品.a. places b. homes c. rooms d. buildings 19. every morning mr. smith ta

29、kes a _ to his office. a. 20 minutes walks b. 20 minutes walk c. 20-minutes walkd. 20-minute walk 20. -are these _? - no, they arent. theyre _. a. sheep, cows b. sheep, cow c. sheeps, cow d. sheeps, cows 21. there are many _ in the fridge. a. fish b. fruit c. eggs d. bread 22. - whose room is this?

30、- its _. a. li ming b. li mings c. li mings d. li mings 23. here are _ for you, sue. a. potatos b. some potatoes c. three tomatos d. some tomato 24. here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. a. wish b. hope c. wishes d. hopes 25. i always go to that _ to buy food on sunday. a. shop b. pa

31、rk c. zoo d. garden 26. whats the chinese for “ prc”? a. 中国人民解放军 b. 中华人民共和国c. 联合国 d. 中国共产党 27. sam gave ann some _ to look after polly while he was away. a. picture-books b. inventions c. instructions d. messages 28. - which of the following animals lives only in china? - the _. a. monkey b. elephan

32、t c. panda d. cat 29. _ room is on the 5th floor. a. lucy and lily b. lucy and lilys c. lucys and lily d. lucys and lilys 30. the third month of the year is _. a. march b. january c. february d. april 31. mum, im quite thirsty. please give me _. a. two orange b. two bottle of oranges c. two bottles

33、of orange d. two bottles of oranges 32. how wonderful! the _ is made of _. a. house, glass b. house, glasses c. houses, glass d. houses, glasses 33. i met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. a. janpaneses b. american c. chineses d. english 34. _ is the best time for planting trees

34、. a. summer b. winter c. spring d. autumn 35. tom was badly hurt in the match. they carried him to the _ as quickly as possible. 精品.a. bank b. post office c. shop d. hospital 36. there are two _ in the room. a. shelf b. shelfs c. shelfes d. shelves 精品.37. there are seven _ in a week. a. years b. mon

35、ths c. days d. minutes 38. my father is a _. he works in a hospital. a. teacher b. doctor c. farmer d. writer 39. its very cold today. why dont you put on your _? a. watch b. shirt c. sweater d. glasses 40. - excuse me, are you _? - yes, im from _. a. japan, japanese b. china, chinese c. england, en

36、glish d. american, america v. 各地中考题选编： 1. - where is tom? - hes left a _ saying that he has something important to do. a. excuse b. message c. exercise d. news 2. there is no _ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus. a. room b. a room c. rooms d. seats 3. - would you like some _? - oh, yes. j

37、ust a little. a. pears b. oranges c. sugar d. apples 4. you can find the following instructions on _. keep in a cold place a. food b. money c. clothes d. books 5. mr. green has lived in the _ hotel since he came to china.a. five-star b. five-stars c. five stars d. five stars 6. she was born in wuhan

38、, but beijing has become her second _. a. home b. family c. house d. place 7. - whats the _ today? - its june 26. a. day b. date c. time d. hour 8. english is spoken as a first language in _. a. the usa b. india c. japan d. china 9. _ comes from cows. a. wool b. chicken c. pork d. milk 10. which of

39、the following does paper burn in? a. b. c. d. 11. let the children go away. theyre making too much _ here. a. noise b. voice c. noisy d. sounds 精品.12. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating it. a. wool b. pork c. mutton d. milk 13. - oh, there isnt enough _ for us in the lift. - it doesnt ma

40、tter, lets wait for the next. a. ground b. floor c. place d. room 14. _ is the biggest city in china. a. beijing b. shanghai c. guangzhou d. kunming 15. the englishman stephenson (史蒂芬孙), invented _. a. the ship b. the car c. the plane d. the train 精品.精品.精品.冠词重点知识归纳及讲解 （一）概说 1冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在

41、一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词： 1）定冠词the 2）不定冠词a/an 定冠词the通常读作，在元音前读作i，特别强调或单念时读作i:。 不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式，读作n；在其他情况下则使用a，读作。 2冠词的基本意义 不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。 she is a nurse. he is an englishman, with an irish wife. 定冠词the，与this同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。 thats th

42、e book you want. whos the young man over there? 但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。 put it on the table. shut the door, please.3特指和泛指 一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子： a gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求见你。（泛指） ask the gentleman to come in. 请那位先生进来。（特指） 在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况： 精品.1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。 例如： she s

43、ent me a postcard 她寄给我一张明信片。 精品.2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用some, any这类词。 these are new words. she sent me some flowers. 3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加some, any等。 its lovely weather. do you want any sugar in your tea? give us some help. （二）不定冠词的基本用法 1泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”） his father is a doctor. 2代表某一类人或事物，相当

44、于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别） a horse is a useful animal. 3指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”） his book was written by a worker. 4表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”） wait a moment. 等一下。 5表示单位，相当于“每”的意思 we have three meals a day. 6用于某此固定词组中 精品.a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。 （三）定冠词的基本用法 1特指某（些

45、）人或某（些）事物 give me the book.2指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 where is the doctor? 3再次提到上文提到过的人或事物 i bought a dictionary yesterday. the dictionary is at home. 4用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物 the earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 5用在序数词和形容词最高级前 mr wang teaches the first class. of all the stars the sun is the

46、 nearest to the earth. 6用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物 the horse is a useful animal. 7与下列专有名词连用 1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前 精品.the changjiang river, the great lake 2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人 the greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 8和某些形容词连用，表示一类人 the old 老人the young年轻人the rich 富人the poor 穷人the sick 病人the dead 死人 精品

47、.9在一些习惯说法中 the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema （四）不用冠词的几种情况 1在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前 have you ever been to shanghai? we love science. 2在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前 girls can be scientists. 3在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前 it is hot in summer. have you had breakfast? its tuesday,