中考牛津英语8B复习讲义(简版)

1、牛津英语8B Unit 1 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. used to/be used to/get used to基本含义用法辨析used to “过去常常(做某事)”现在已不再这样了，后常接动词原形be used to “习惯于(做某事)”后跟名词、代词或动名词get used to “变得习惯于(做某事)”强调由不习惯到习惯地过程2. a bit/a bit of/ a little基本含义用法辨析a bit “稍微，有点”作程度副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词、比较级notabit=notatall, 意为“毫不”;a bit of “有点儿”后接不可数名词a little “稍微，有点”作

2、程度副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词、比较级作形容词, 后接不可数名词notalittle=verymuch,意为“非常”,“很”3. repair/mend/fix基本含义用法辨析repair “修理,修补”多用于修理物体较庞大、构造较复杂而又损坏较严重的东西mend “修理,修补”一般指修理物体较小、结构较简单的日常用具、或缝补衣服、袜子等fix “修理,校准”是美国英语，可与repair替换使用二、语法点拨现在完成时(1)1. 基本用法 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作，强调过去的动作对现在影响的结果，表示动作刚刚结束，常与just, already, yet, notyet,

3、 recently等状语连用。 They have already cleaned the classroom. 他们已经把教室打扫干净。 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与so far, in the past few days (years), during the last three years,以及for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。 The doctor has saved over two hundred peoples lives so far. 到目前为止，这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。Great chang

4、es have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.过去几年来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 We have lived here since 1976. 自从1976以来，我们一直住在这儿。 They have waited for more than two hours. 他们已经等了两个多小时了。【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较：I saw this film

5、 yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2. 动词构成 have/has+过去分词 注意过去分词的变化规则 (1) 规则变化：在动词原形后加ed构成口诀：直接加，去e加，双写加，变着加(2) 不规则变化（见规则动词表） 分类记忆：AAA型；AAB型；ABA型；ABB型；ABC型3. 句式变化三、交际用语谈论生活中的变化 School life is really great. I like my teachers and classmates. I have the same feeli

6、ng, too.Im happy/sorry, too. We always walked to school together in the morning. I come to school by bus on my own.牛津英语8B Unit 1 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1历史课题history project2做（研究）一个历史课题do a history project3在过去的100年当中（常用于现在完成时over the past/last 100 years=during/in the past/last 100 years4在（过去的）这些年当中over

7、the years5在不同时代的交通方式transport at different times6过去曾经做某事used to do sth.7九龙城寨the Kowloon Walled City 8大屿山的变化the changes to Lantau Island9事实上in fact = actually 10从里搬出去move out of.11A娶了B或A嫁给了BA marry BA与B结婚了A and B get/be marriedA get/be married to B12变化很大change a lot13中药店Chinese medicine shops14转变成tur

8、n into15噪音污染noise pollution16旧机场的关闭the closing of the old airport17起飞（脱衣服）take off18安全地着陆land safely19在某些方面in some ways20感到有点孤独feel a bit lonely = feel a little lonely21不时地；有时from time to time = sometimes=at times22对.很了解know very well23像以前一样经常/频繁as often as before24与某人进行一次面谈have an interview with sb

9、.25这个地方的历史the history of this area26看见某人干某事（过程）see sb. do sth. （感官动词用法）看见某人正在干某事（动作）see sb. doing sth. （感官动词用法）27纠正错误correct the mistakes28已经去了.(还没回来)has/have gone to 曾经去过.(已经回来)has/have been to29听说有关.hear about听说.hear of收到某人的来信hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.30在过去in the past在现在；在目前at p

10、resent = now31被使用；投入使用be in service = be in use32香港回归到中国Hong Kongs return to China33机场快线Airport Express34去度假go on holiday35在大屿山的北面（范围外不交界）to the north of Lantau Island36对.感到惊奇be surprised by/at 37独自on ones own = alone = (all) by oneself38不再（强调次数）no more = not any more不再（强调时间）no longer = not any long

11、er39小学primary school中学secondary school40为某人提供某物provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.41向某人求助ask sb. for help 42示范给某人看如何做某事show sb how to do sth.43有同感have the same feeling 难点语法 现在完成时1) 含义： 动作发生在过去但对目前产生了影响或造成了结果。 动作从过去某个时刻开始发生并一直延续到现在。2) 构成：主语 +_ +_+其他I have cleaned the bedroom.He has listened

12、to music for an hour. 3) 过去分词的构成原形过去式 过去分词原形过去式过去分词beginbegan begunrodemarriedcheckwentlandedchangebought4) 常见的与现在完成时连用的副词和短语already, yet, ever, never, just, recently, so far, since , for, over these yearsin the past few years, 区别in the past(一般过去时)，just now(一般过去时) three years ago(一般过去时) 选用适当的词填空 I h

13、ave _ read the book, so I know nothing about it. Have you had lunch_? I have been here _ half an hour. Has she lived in Nanjing _she was born?5）完成下列各句 政府已经把这个地方变成了一个公园。The government _the place into a park. 他们还没有回来。They havent _. 你认识她有多久啦？ How long _you _her? 妈妈已经去图书馆了吗？_mum _the library? 我从未去过扎龙自然保

14、护去。 I have never _Zhalong Natural Reserve.牛津英语8B Unit 2 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. include/including基本含义用法辨析include “包括,包含”及物动词，作谓语动词，后接宾语including “包括,包含”介词，一般用在逗号后面，或者是冒号的前面2. such as/for example/like基本含义用法辨析such as “例如”一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，插在被列举的例子和前面的名词之间，as后没有逗号for example “例如”一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例，作插入语，可置于句首、句中或句末li

15、ke “像”与such as 互用二、语法点拨现在完成时(2)1. 瞬间动词瞬间动词就是表示短暂性动作的动词，又称点动词或终止性动词，即其所表示的动作有一个终点而不能再延续。(1) 这一类动词的完成时态不能和表示一段的（延续性的）时间状语连用，例如：她买这辆车有一年了。【错误】She has bought the car for a year.【正确】She has had the car for a year.他的父亲离开中国已经10年了。【错误】His father has left China for 10 years.【正确】His father has been away from

16、China for 10 years.这位男士自从1945年就入党了。【错误】The man has joined the Party since 1945.【正确】The man has been a Party member since 1945.【注意】经常这样使用的瞬间动词有：go, come, leave, borrow, join, die, lose, marry(结婚), begin, stop。当这些动词的完成时态需要与表示一段的时间状语连用时，其通常变化形式为：have gone(left ) - have been awayhave bought(borrowed) -

17、have had (kept)have come - have been herehave died - have been deadhave joined-have been a member of/have been inhave began(started) have been on特别记住下面的表示方法： 我丢那辆车有三天了。 It is (has been)three days since I lost the bike (=I lost the bike three days ago.) 电影开演十分钟了。It has been (is) ten minutes since the

18、 film began.(=The film began ten minutes ago.)(=The film has been on for 10 minutes.) 他们结婚二十年了。It has been 20 years since they were married.(=They got/were married 20 years ago.)(2) 瞬间动词的否定形式可与for和since时间状语连用We havent seen each other for a long time. 我们有好长时间没有见面了。They havent left the lab since yeste

19、rday. 他们自昨天以来，一直没离开过实验室。The mother hasnt heard from her son for 3 months. 这位母亲已有三个月没收到她儿子的信了。He hasnt come to this bar since she left. 自从她走了，他再也没到这个洒吧来。2. have (has) been to 和have (has)gone 的区别have (has) been to a place 表示“去过，到过”某个地方, 但现在人已不在那里，它经常与ever, never, often, once, twice等用。have (has)gone to

20、 意思是“去了什么地方”, 人可能在途中或已经在那里。通常该句型只用于第三人称，并且不能与上述时间状语连用。例如：Have you ever been to Guilin? 你去过桂林吗？（人在这里）She has been to America twice. 她去过美国两次。（人在这里）His father has gone abroad. 他的父亲出国了。（人不在这里）The train has already gone.火车已经开走了。（火车不在这里）三、交际用语假日计划 -Do you have any ideas about what to do for May Day holida

21、y, Amy?-Yes, Im planning to travel around abroad. -Where do you want to go? -Singapore. -How long do you want to stay? - About five days.牛津英语8B Unit 2 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1快点；加油come on 2把某物带在某人身边bring/take sth. with sb.3去徒步旅行go hiking 4去滑雪go skiing5看美丽的风景see the beautiful view6拍照take photos7一整天the w

22、hole day8一个著名的室内主题公园a famous indoor theme park9傍晚(下午的晚些时候)later in the afternoon10即使(引导让步状语从句)even though = even if11去旅行go on a trip去日本旅行go on a trip to Japan去度假go on holiday去日本度假go to Japan for a holiday12如些以至于.so that. / such. that为了;以便.so that13一家快餐店a fast-food restaurant14凯蒂猫小屋Hello Kittys house

23、15凯蒂猫苹果派Hello Kitty apple pie16鼓掌clap ones hands17忍不住做某事cant stop doing sth.18变得兴奋get excited19从.里跳出来jump out of 20A与B很相配A match well with B21向某人招手wave to sb.22随着音乐跳舞dance to the music23跳舞跳得很优美dance beautifully24东京市中心the city centre of Tokyo25把某物给某人看show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth.26加入某人一起join sb.加入

24、某人一起做某事join sb. in (doing) sth.27(人排成的)队伍the line of people28在计算机房in the computer room全球网/环球信息网the World Wide Web29一.就.(引导时间状从)as soon as .尽可能快(时间快)as soon as sb. can = as soon as possible30去天津的一次旅行a trip to Tianjin31一张天津地图a map of Tianjin32寻找look for = search for33在那时(常用于过去进行时中)at that time 34查明；找出

25、find out35操作电脑work on the computer36迷路get lost = lose ones way37在春节期间during the Spring Festival在游行过程中during the parade38一年到头all year round = the whole year39去的飞机票the air tickets to 40去观光go sightseeing41开始做某事start/begin to do sth. = start/begin doing sth.42我们去日本旅行的那一天the day of our trip to Japan43在我们

26、旅行的第二天on the second day of our trip44一次快乐的经历a happy experience45使你的文章更有趣make your article more interesting46seem(好像) 的用法1. seem + adj. (系表) 2. seem to do sth.3. It seems that + 从句难点语法1. 过去进行时 我们使用过去进行时谈论过去某个时刻或某个时间段正在发生或正在进行的动作。其句子结构为：_1) 昨晚八点我们正在谈论那部影片。We _the film at 8:00 last night.2) 那个时候在干什么？Wh

27、at _ you _ at that time?3) 春节期间你一直在读这本小说吗？_you _ the novel during the Spring Festival?2. while / when 当的时候 用 while / when填空.1) 当我到家的时候妈妈正在做晚饭.My mother was cooking supper _ I got home.2）当这些女孩子在看报纸的时候,那些男孩子在大声说话.The boys were speaking loudly _the girls were reading newspapers.3. so that 如此以至于.1）这个博物馆

28、很有意思, 我已经打算再来一次.The museum is _interesting _ I have decided to visit it again.2）这些题真难,没有一个人能解出来.The problem is _none can work it out .3）妈妈走得慢我不得不停下来等她.Mum walked _I had to stop to wait for her.牛津英语8B Unit 3 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. asleep/sleepy/sleeping基本含义用法辨析asleep “睡着的”表语形容词，不能用在名词之前作定语sleepy “困倦的, 贪睡的”指人昏昏

29、欲睡，或沉睡时的寂静状态。既可作表语，又可作定语sleeping “睡着的”常作定语2. produce/make基本含义用法辨析produce “制造”可以是工业上的生产，但不能表示通过种植而获得的产品make “生产”可以是工业上的生产，也可以是可以表示生产汽车、机器通过制造而获得的产品，也可以表示生产粮食蔬菜、通过种植而获得的产品二、语法点拨被动语态(1)语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者(或执行者)；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。例如：Many people play football. （主动语态）F

30、ootball is played by many people. （被动语态）(1) 被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成的，如果需强调动作或行为的发出者时，在其后接“by .”，意为“被”。这里be是助动词，必须与主语的人称和数相一致，并有时态的变 化(be有时也可以使用get, become等词来代替)。(2) 被动语态的句型肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+(by.)否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+(by.)一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by.)?特殊问句：疑问词+be+过去分词+(by.)?这里be决定了被动语态的时态，be后面的过去分词没有变化。(3) 被动语态

31、的八种时态 一般现在时：am (is, are) + 过去分词Football is played all over the world. 足球运动遍及全世界。 一般过去时：was (were) + 过去分词These new books were published last month. 这些新书是上个月刚出版的。 一般将来时：will be+过去分词That film will be directed by Zhang Yimou. 那部电影将由张艺谋执导。 现在进行时：am (is, are)+being+过去分词A new free way from Beijing to Shang

32、hai is being built now.一条从北京到上海的新的高速公路正在建设之中。 过去进行时：was (were)+being+过去分词The car wasnt being repaired by me then. 那时这辆车不是由我修的。 现在完成时：have (has) + been+过去分词Has the bridge in Yangzhou been built? 扬州的那座大桥建成了吗? 过去完成时：had + been+过去分词The bridge had been built by the end of 1998. 那座桥1998年年底以前就建好了。Supper ha

33、d not been cooked when I got there last time. 上次我到那儿时，晚饭还没有做。 过去将来时：would + be+过去分词She told me that a new English teacher would be sent to our class in a week.她告诉我一周以后要给我们班派一位新的英语老师来。(4) 主动语态变为被动语态的口诀 宾作主，主BY宾；谓变BE+PP，时不变；注意数、格，抄其余。Bruce writes a letter every week.（主动语态）主语 谓语 宾语 状语A letter is writte

34、n by Bruce every week. （被动语态）主语 谓语 补语 状语(5) 被动语态的基本用法 需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustnt be taken away.阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。 当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。It is said that the temperature tomorrow will

35、 be 40. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。【必背】这一类用法的句型还有：It is believed that. 据信，大家相信It is known that. 众所周知It is supposed that. 大家认为It is suggested that. 据建议，有人建议It must be remembered that. 务必记住 It is reported that. 据报道三、交际用语1. 询问对方是否介意Would you mind washing the dishes?Would you mind not playing games?2. 请求帮助 -Can y

36、ou show me how to start this online tour of Australia, please? -Yes, of course. Do you know this programme can? Do you mind telling me how to?牛津英语8B Unit 3 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1我不知道。I have no idea. = I dont know.2的设计者the designer of.3查找/搜索信息search for information4通过收音机on/over the radio5编写电脑程序write c

37、omputer programs6反对/介意(某人)做某事mind (ones) doing sth.7发送和接电子邮件send and receive e-mails8面世、出来、(花)开放come out9电视的一部分part of a TV10在同时at the same time11打开/开闭(电器)turn on/off调高/调低(音量)turn up/down12主要人物(主角)main character13躺在草地上lie on the grass14入睡(无意识)fall asleep入睡(有意识)go/get to sleep15做了个奇怪的梦have a strange

38、dream16获得足够的分数earn/get enough points17将带到某地去carry off to sw.18扮演角色play the role of19花费某人时间做某事take sb. some time to do sth.20通过测试你的英语知识by testing the knowledge of Englishif if 21发现是find sb/sth (to be ) adj./n.22卖完/被卖完sell out /be sold out23涉及很多主题cover many topics24一套光盘a set of CD-ROMs25存储信息store info

39、rmation26用来做某事use for doing sth. = use to do sth.被用来做某事be used for doing sth. =be used to do sth.27被用来做某事be used to do sth. =be used for doing sth.习惯于做某事be used to doing sth.(过去)曾经做某事used to do sth.28把.保存在硬盘上keep on the hard disk29出现在屏幕上appear on the screen30将A连接到B上connect A to B将A与B连接起来connect A wi

40、th B31(游戏等)背景被设定在地球上be set on Earth32重新始启动电脑restart the computer33总共10个问题a total of ten questions 34把存在硬盘上keep on the hard disk35八小时内环球(旅行)around the world in eight hours36用亮紫色被标上记号be marked in bright purple37以.为开始start with = begin with38点击图标click on the icon双击自动运行图标double click (on) the “auto-run”

41、 icon39感官动词用法听某人做某事listen to sb. do sth.听某人正在做某事listen to sb. doing sth.40在思想里(在脑海里)in the mind41举行一次作文比赛hold a writing competition 42计算机的不同用途different uses of computers难点语法被动语态1使用条件1) 没有必要指出动作的执行者2) 不知道动作的执行者 3) 强调动作的承受者2构成方式一般现在时的被动语态_一般过去时的被动语态_ 这台机器是去年生产的。_ 这个剧本不是那位作家写的。_牛津英语8B Unit 4 复习讲义一、重点词汇

42、1. on time/in time基本含义用法辨析on time “准时”正好在约定的时间发生in time “及时”在约定的时间之前发生2. seem+adj./seem+that基本含义例句展示seem + adj. “似乎,看起来”These girls seem very happy. 这些女孩子们似乎很高兴。seem + that “似乎,看起来”It seemed that they didnt catch the train. 看来他们没赶上火车。3. rise/raise基本含义用法辨析rise “升起，上升”不及物动词，一般只某物自然的上升raise “举起”及物动词，一般

43、指人为的使某物上升二、语法点拨被动语态(2)(1) 由情态动词构成的被动语态这种被动语态的结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词All these exercises must be finished before school is over. 所有这些习题必须在放学以前做完。(2) 含有双宾语的句子的被动语态有一些动词如give, buy等，后面常跟两个宾语-直接宾语和间接宾语；通常直接宾语指 物，间接宾语指人；指物或指人的宾语都可以作为被动句子的主语。例如：Father bought him a computer. 爸爸给他买了一台电脑。A computer was bought for hi

44、m(by father).(以物作 主语)He was bought a computer (by father). (以人作主语，虽语法正确，但实际不这样使用。)【必背】将这些带双宾语的动词背下来： 动词后加to的：give 给pass 递给show 给看send 寄lend借给bring 带leave 留给hand 交给tell 告诉return 归还write 写给throw 扔promise 答应refuse 拒绝 动词后加for的：make 制，做buy 买sing 给唱歌pay 付钱给get 得到do 做(3) 含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态有一些动词如make，call等，常伴有

45、定语补足语(或称为复合宾语)；在变为被动语态时，宾 补的位置不变。He named the baby(宾) Lily(宾补). 他给这个婴儿起名叫莉莉。The baby was named(谓语)Lily(宾补)(by him).(莉莉的位置不变)【注意】所有要求不定式作宾语补足语而不带to的动词，包括感官 动词see, hear, watch, feel, look at, listen to及使役动词make, let, have和动词help,在变为被动语态时，还要把to加上。I saw him(宾) enter the Room 102(宾补).He was seen(谓语)to en

46、ter the Room 102(宾补). 我看见他进入102室。(他被看见进入了102室。)三、交际用语组织义演I hope our charity show will be a success.I hope that our show will be held at the school hall.I hope a lot of pop stars can be invited to the show.Im sure he would like to help us.Im nervous because I dont know how to organize a show.牛津英语8B U

47、nit 4 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1做慈善演出的主持人be the host of a charity show2白天少睡点sleep less during the day3多练习practice a lot4在英特网上登广告advertise on the Internet5散发（传单）give out (leaflets)6组织一次慈善演出organize a charity show7绿色希望工程Project Green Hope8希望工程Project Hope9拯救中国虎Save Chinas Tigers10春蕾计划Spring Bud Project11为某

48、人（某组织）筹款/募捐raise money for sb.捐某物（钱）给某人donate sth.(money) to sb.12回到学校return to school = come back to school13帮忙（某人）做某事help(sb.) with sth. = help (sb.) do sth.14艰苦的工作hard work努力工作（学习）work hard15开始演出排练start working on the show16在适当的时候at the right time17在同时at the same time18在开始；起初in the beginning = at

49、 first在末尾；最后in the end = at last = finally19变得容易一点became a little bit easier20一直问我自己（一直做某事）keep asking myself (keep doing sth.)21大声地说话speak loudly22发出很多噪音make a lot of noise23得到当地企业的大力技持have/get a lot of support from local businesses24帮助需要的人help people in need25开一个会have/hold a meeting举办一次慈善演出have/ho

50、ld a charity show26通过卖物品和提供服务来挣钱make money by selling goods and services27选择某人来做某事choose sb. to do sth.28使你的声音听起来更大些make your voice sound louder29对感兴趣（延）be interested in 对产生了兴趣（短）become interested in30挂在舞台前面hang in front of the stage31想要这次演出取得成功want the show to be a success32邀请我吃午餐invite me to lunch33搭建舞台set up (the stage)34做出决定make a decision / make some decisions决定做某事decide to do sth. = make a decision to do sth.35志愿做某事volunteer to do sth.36注意某物pay a