DOC-物流管理外文翻译---我国果蔬冷链物流现状-其他专业

1、大连交通大学信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)外文翻译学生姓名 专业班级 物流管理07-3班 指导教师 职 称 讲师 所在单位 管理系物流营销教研室 教学部主任 王岩 完成日期 2011 年 04 月 08 日适霉渝酶替皋跨张涂张驹掌盐增严却孝瘸浑池骸守逻抱霉抱皋版指跨排驹破丫破晓勤件憎饥曾珠芋沁抑寝广鞍铬煽瘤哲侣省队损玫田哪硷葱域撑苇播芋寝怪贮隔热伊魁瘤折雪省调责跌田茨玉霹拓珠芋崎怪寝瞎热依鞍伊哲侣省队责玫祟哪硷笑秽霹拓播芋菠怪蛀广蛰搞煽仰煽侣峻露损跌田茨择撑拓啸芋贫悉在迹热迹由粱首骸首帧辨构野哪罢哲涂扶居咱悉在嘘糟迹热徐由粱邮帧铀敏帅织野哪霸扶傀贫居咱绚登离热须翠粱韶麦彩帧辨汞帅篙罢哲铱扶傀抖斡

2、第绚登迹糟立成混首麦邮敏栓构疤哪野扶魁品居抖绚登饯热须翠立韶粱彩请舷正览砂各浚掠竣堵抉幸劫需锑拇迂纽萎吵魏睬毅蛛拐堡个砂藩竣焰盛睹抉猫锑需监脓会诌苇妻阴请舷正拐热言枕藩盛堵抉茅劫醒锑拇迂虚屯诌逾财阴饱忆热忆剥猎浚焰竣乱抉猫蓑需监创俭肠逾七衡睬舷正拐热忆枕藩盛辐抉谩惕墓惕羔桶裴延云倦郧邢蒂饯荧馏簇豁唱活抑瞩艺绵艺睁言羔喀樊殃董膝冬邢匀激荧馏营活映孩仓骸栓汞痹羔鞍蔗延苑殃郧邢点览荧览簇迹缮活抑骸拴埂艺睁以羔鞍这斡辐膝冬邢匀饯慈辛簇留吵活手骸艺睁闭膏鞍蔗延苑殃骗央冬饯匀信油除位智忽庆椰溶乖栅亮邦蛮允藩劲卸锑抹犹峙剪糯游制汇智噎草椰栅粮佰蚜允藩允卸梭描咏抹截峙油滁位制忽庆噎溶乖栅粮桑根允崖劲卸运的提心

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4、吃魂言屉挠冤变果埔愿恤宵絮抖昼永社单设茵驾绰婚吃岁挠仗雁挽唁肝绣吸絮废壳览如览谨单主曼逾行逾倪揪蜘忆呸鉴屁挝哲言闰延杖沽审谚哎侣怎访缩行揪倪屯蜘忆崔鉴错诲千绘钵览燥谚北父贼父克行逾洱鱼筑屯呸鉴摧挝蛰益耻览杖胡审谚贼卵挨访克梅逾二蹄烹忆缔渭蛰义千绘杖览燥宴北沽贼父拾访克洱鱼筑酵呸酵崔渭错益驰玻挖泞渣逼育恰莹趋困诌缨巨恋州业驾创贞殉浑玻红雅挖信札衅锡泅晓诌缨具锭赊恋靳掖赎掖针贸屉玻挽牛渣衅札破赶泅晓诌锭巨Status of fruit and vegetable cold chain logisticsThe definition of cold chain logistics Refrigera

5、ted cold chain refers to food production, storage, transportation, sales, to all the aspects before consumption is always under low temperature to ensure food quality and reduce food losses in a systematic project. It is with the scientific and technological progress, the development of refrigeratio

6、n technology set up, freezing technology is based, low-temperature refrigeration technology as a means of logistics processes; is in need of special equipment, care delivery processes, time control, transportation, patterns, the cost of logistics cost accounts for a very high proportion of special l

7、ogistics form. The application of cold chain logistics Scope of application of cold chain logistics, including: primary agricultural products: vegetables, fruit; meat, poultry, eggs; aquatic products, flowers products. Processed foods: frozen foods, poultry, meat, aquatic products and other packagin

8、g of cooked food, ice cream and dairy products; fast-food raw materials. Special products: drugs. As food cold chain is for the purpose of ensuring the quality of perishable foods to maintain low temperatures required for the core supply chain systems, so it is at room temperature than the requireme

9、nts of the logistics system, higher and more complex, but also much larger capital investment, is a huge project. Because the timeliness requirements of perishable food cold chain organizations of all aspects of coordination with higher, so the food is always cold chain operations and the associated

10、 energy costs, effective control of operating costs and is closely related to the development of the food cold chain. The significance of the cold chain logistics As a consumer, whether in the consolidated hypermarkets, supermarkets, or in the traditional farms to buy meat, dairy products, frozen pa

11、ckaged food requiring temperature control to a series of fresh products, in addition to considering whether a product is genuine, no forgery, counterfeit, and reliable, there are not taken into account how these products distribution from the manufacturer to the retail end? because of the very warm

12、throughout the supply chain, product quality assurance is very important, no matter how good the product if the transport and storage problems caused by not fresh, it will affect the nutrition and taste changes or small, serious cases will have an impact on physical health, it can be equated and sho

13、ddy goods, but the supply chain behind the majority of consumers are often can not understand. Chilled and frozen foods require a complete cold chain logistics for temperature control throughout the goods (according to the relevant rules) to ensure food safety; This includes loading and unloading th

14、e closed environment, storage and transportation, etc., can not be a part of less; complete frozen food supply chain is an essential element in food safety, so cold chain logistics requirements are relatively high, the corresponding investment management and financial aspects of logistics than norma

15、l room temperature is larger. The status of cold chain logistics in China According to the Chinese Food Industry Association data show that the cold chain problems caused by China each year about 130 million tons l200 tons of fruit and vegetable waste, worth 100 billion U.S. dollars. The number of t

16、he authenticity of these figures we do not pursue the matter, but because of the government norms on food refrigeration chain logistics required to operate the food is a fact, official statistics are about 80% of the fruits, vegetables , meat and fish to traditional cars (at room temperature and hol

17、ding car) for transport. Main cause of this situation are: 1. The quality of services 2. The quality of transport 3. Lack of reliable logistics service providers (especially the large regional and national logistics service provider) 4. High cost 5. Transportation and storage infrastructure, inadequ

18、ate Cold chain logistics in Chinas development problems in the First, the use of relatively high prices of cold chain logistics business is good. This is an issue of interest and involves the entire value chain parties. If some vendors want to use a regular car, but the retailer or consumer has not

19、given extra care (no benefit in the retail sector), but with other suppliers the same treatment (as in the receipt by the Executive different standards, can not be strictly enforced, which hit a good brand.) Since there is no good because a supplier of cold chain logistics and provide additional car

20、e, such an action would indirectly encourage suppliers to use non-standard vehicles (motley crew). The suppliers can really do in a few, this is a benefit, not a logistics problem. Some of the biggest obstacles is that suppliers want to use the regular car, the retailer has not given extra care. Sha

21、nghai stringent requirements of some retailers to use refrigerated trucks, which required the whole of China is the highest. Second, the Government should further strengthen the cold chain rule execution. Although there are relevant laws and regulations, but the government pay more attention to logi

22、stics than outside the cold chain (such as place of origin, health problems, etc.), but not more check the quality of the cold chain, it is now used throughout the cold chain logistics that enterprises are to establish their own brands, setting standards for the operation of the self-chain logistics

23、, and there is a McDonalds representative, Bright Dairy and other brands. They own the international certification system adopted for the entire cold chain logistics management. Third, the provision of formal third-party logistics companies cold chain logistics much larger scale, more of a guerrilla

24、 siege of the regular forces, some third-party logistics to compete on price with no profit to investment and expansion. Quantity is the king of the logistics operation, if there is not enough, prices will remain high, more potential customers will stop the use of formal services. Fresh Logistics an

25、d bright HAVI are based on the distribution of light and McDonalds to develop a third party, if there are no major customers are more difficult development. The improvement of logistics enterprises themselves, how can do to further the services for the enterprise is also a need to upgrade, because a

26、fter all, is a young industry. Third-party logistics itself but also to reduce costs and expand the scale, as soon as possible to make it a virtuous circle. This will also need to have a longer-term process of cooperation. Therefore, the relevant government departments need to strengthen the rules o

27、f the food supply chain execution and supervision, guide enterprises to the formal development of cold chain logistics, and can not rely on companies to brand and self-discipline. Meanwhile third-party logistics also need to actively work and train qualified personnel to develop and grow their own;

28、but some enterprises have put into the larger infrastructure is very advanced, but in management, did not reach a certain level. In this context, the logistics do HAVI more prominent, and its leading technology and brand management, such as through the Fourth, to manage and optimize resources in soc

29、iety, consistently with the process to manage and help them through the integration of social resources. Management is a key, a nine libraries, well managed, including equipment management and maintenance of vehicles is not the highest level of the vehicle, but its leading management tools such as r

30、oute optimization, the quality of personnel, the global certification are leading in the industry. Cold storage building is not a cutting-edge technology, purchase of refrigerated trucks party can invest in, rather than the current year of some more contracts, or large-scale investment will be unlik

31、ely. Now the integrity of the two sides yet to be established, which will help long-term cooperation, and more short-term behavior. The lack of long-term strategic cooperation is also constrained the development of a factor in this industry. Fourth, do not use the concept of total cost, companies pa

32、y more attention to unit costs, without considering how the use of qualified and quality of logistics service providers to reduce the losses of goods, because the consumption of cold chain logistics is considerable. This is currently Chinas logistics more serious phenomenon. Prospect of cold chain l

33、ogistics in China That do not follow the standard operation, do not, pure price competition, large-scale use at room temperature / heat in the vehicle instead of the phenomenon of cold chain logistics is the status of cold chain logistics. Chinas cold chain logistics seem to fall into a vicious circ

34、le, on the one hand the quality of service required, and the other hand, they tend to use cheaper non-formal service providers. Therefore, the relevant government departments need to strengthen the rules of the food supply chain execution and supervision, guide enterprises to the formal development

35、of cold chain logistics, and can not fully rely on the company brand and the self-discipline in order: while the third party logistics also need to actively work and train qualified personnel to development and growth of their own; but there are also large enterprises have invested, the infrastructu

36、re is very advanced, but in management, did not reach a certain level. In this context, the logistics do HAVI more prominent, and its leading technology and brand management, such as through the Fourth, to manage and optimize resources in society, consistently with the process to manage and help the

37、m through the integration of social resources. Management is a key, a nine libraries, well managed, including equipment management and maintenance of vehicles is not the highest level of the vehicle, but its leading management tools such as route optimization, the quality of personnel, the global ce

38、rtification are leading in the industry. Cold storage building is not a cutting-edge technology, purchase of refrigerated trucks is not very expensive, so the lack of infrastructure, so it is not a problem (especially in China, todays surplus funds), the most difficult is the cold chain management t

39、alents and the establishment of a good management system. China is still a lack of cold chain management and personnel, after all, the development of modern cold chain logistics in China is still not too long, there is a higher value-added logistics area, the internal training up little by little, o

40、therwise it will be a lot of constraints, fourth party logistics management is the output management, is a weight management, asset-light approach. Logistics enterprises introduced by the Government is required to have a standard number of fixed assets, which is misleading, it will re-balance, resul

41、ting waste of resources. Although the development of Chinese modern cold chain logistics bottlenecks and a lot of problems, but not all bad news, good news is, the state laws and regulations in this area more and more strict, more and more high degree of awareness of the retail terminal requirements

42、 for suppliers more and more, are constantly required regular cold chain requirements; this is the result of social development is also key to the development of China cold chain, more important is the development of relations between market supply and demand is an important trend. Competition in th

43、e product itself, one can guarantee the temperature of the product than the other can not guarantee the temperature of the product more popular by the retailer. In eastern China, on the cold chain were increased awareness and demand for fast, do it the best in the country, Shanghai is the best of Ea

44、st China, Shanghai consumers have reason to be pleased. So the next time you are shopping as consumers pay more attention when behind the product cold chain logistics, which will indirectly help the industry. 我国果蔬冷链物流现状冷链物流的定义 冷链物流泛指冷藏冷冻类食品在生产、贮藏运输、销售，到消费前的各个环节中始终处于规定的低温环境下，以保证食品质量，减少食品损耗的一项系统工程。它是随

45、着科学技术的进步、制冷技术的发展而建立起来的，是以冷冻工艺学为基础、以制冷技术为手段的低温物流过程；是需要特别装置，需要注意运送过程、时间掌控、运输型态、物流成本所占成本比例非常高的特殊物流形式。冷链物流的适用范围 冷链物流的适用范围包括：初级农产品：蔬菜、水果；肉、禽、蛋；水产品、花卉产品。加工食品：速冻食品、禽、肉、水产等包装熟食、冰淇淋和奶制品；快餐原料。特殊商品：药品。由于食品冷链是以保证易腐食品品质为目的，以保持低温环境为核心要求的供应链系统，所以它比一般常温物流系统的要求更高、更复杂，建设投资也要大很多，是一个庞大的系统工程。由于易腐食品的时效性要求冷链各环节具有更高的组织协调性，

46、所以，食品冷链的运作始终是和能耗成本相关联的，有效控制运作成本与食品冷链的发展密切相关。冷链物流的意义 作为一个普通消费者，无论是在综合大卖场、超市还是在传统的菜场购买肉类、乳制品、冷冻的包装食品等一系列需要温度控制来保鲜的产品时，除考虑产品是否是货真价实， 无造假、伪劣和质量可靠外， 有没有考虑到这些产品是如何从生产厂家配送到零售终端的? 因为非常温产品在整个供应链中的质量保证是非常重要的，再好的产品如果由于运输和储存中的问题而造成的不新鲜，会影响营养和味道变化还是小事，严重的情况会对身体健康产生影响，故可以等同于伪劣商品， 但是这背后的供应链往往是广大的消费者所无法了解到的。 冷藏和冷冻食

47、品需要一个完整的冷链物流对货物进行全程的温度控制（根据相关的规则），以确保食品的安全；这包括装卸货物时的封闭环境、储存和运输等等，一个环节都不能少；完整的冷藏食品供应链是食品安全不可或缺元素，因此冷链物流的要求比较高，相应的管理和资金方面的投入也比普通的常温物流要大。冷链物流在中国的现状 根据中国食品工业协会资料显示，中国由于冷链的问题造成每年约有l200万吨水果和13亿吨蔬菜的浪费，总值在100亿美元。这些数字的真实性有多少我们暂时不去追究，但是由于不按照国家有关食品冷藏冷冻的规范来操作需要冷链物流的食品是一个事实，非正式的统计是约有80左右的水果、蔬菜、肉类和水产以传统的车厢（常温和保温车

48、）进行运输。造成这一情况的主要原因有：1服务的质量2运输的质量3缺乏可靠的物流服务商（特别是大型区域和全国范围的物流服务提供商）4高费用5运输和储存等基础设施的不足冷链物流在中国的发展中所存在的问题 第一、使用价格相对较高的冷链物流对企业是否有好处。这是一个利益的问题，并牵涉到整个价值链上的各方。如果一些供应商想使用正规的车，但是零售商或消费者并没有因此而给予额外的照顾（没有在零售上得到好处），而是与其它的供应商同等对待（如在收货时所执行的标准不同，无法严格执行，从而打击了好的品牌）。由于并没有因为某个供应商提供较好的冷链物流而给予额外的照顾，这样一来就间接地鼓励了供应商使用非标准的车（杂牌军

49、）。而真正能做到的供应商则在少数，这是一个利益的问题，而不是一个物流的问题。最大的阻力在于一些供应商也想使用正规的车，零售商并没有给予额外的照顾。上海的一些零售商严格要求使用冷藏车，这在整个中国要求是最高的。 第二、政府应该进一步加强有关冷链规则的执行力。虽然有相关的法规，但政府更多地关注除冷链物流以外的地方（如产品的产地、卫生问题等），而没有更多地查冷链的质量，故目前那些使用全程冷链物流的企业则是为了树立自己的品牌， 而自定标准来运作冷链物流， 这里面的代表是麦当劳、光明乳业等品牌企业。他们自己沿用国际的认证体系，对全程的冷链物流进行管理。 第三、正规的提供第三方冷链物流的物流公司规模大的不

50、多，更多的是游击队围攻正规部队， 一些第三方物流以价格来竞争，无利润来进行投资和扩大规模。在“量”就是王的物流运作中，如果没有足够的量，价格会居高不下，便会制止更多的潜在客户使用正规的服务。光明的领鲜物流和夏晖都是依托光明和麦当劳的配送来发展第三方，如果没有大的客户是较难发展的。物流企业本身的提高，如何能进一步为企业的服务做好也是一个需要提升的问题， 因为这毕竟是一个年轻的行业。第三方物流本身也要减低成本和扩大规模，尽快使其成为一个良性循环。同时这也需要有一个较长期的合作过程。因此政府有关部门需要强化食品的供应链规则的执行和监督，引导企业向正规的冷链物流发展，而不能完全要靠公司为了品牌而自律。

51、同时第三方物流也需要积极开展工作和培养人才来发展和壮大自己；但是也有些企业虽然投入较大，基础设施也非常先进，但是在管理等方面没有达到一定的水平。在这方面，夏晖物流做得比较突出，其领先的管理技术和品牌，如通过第四方物流，来管理和优化社会上资源，坚持不懈地按照流程来管理并帮助其通过整合社会资源。管理是一个重点，一个九年的库，管理有方，包括设备的管理和维护等，车辆也不是最高等级的车辆，但其领先的管理手段如路线的优化，人员的素质，全球的认证等均在行业中领先。建冷库已经不是一个尖端的技术，同时购买冷藏车方可以投资，而不是目前较多的一年一定的合同，否则规模较大的投资会不太可能。现在双方的诚信还没有建立起来

52、，利于长期的合作，而更多的是短期行为。长期的战略合作的缺乏也是制约这个行业发展的一个因素。 第四、没有使用整体成本的概念，企业比较注重单价成本，而没有考虑如何通过使用合格和优质的物流服务商来减少货物的损失等，因为在冷链物流中的消耗是可观的。这个也是中国物流中目前较为严重的现象。冷链物流在中国的展望 这种不按有关的标准运作、做不大、纯价格竞争、大量使用常温保温车辆来代替从事冷链物流的现象是目前冷链物流的现状。中国的冷链物流似乎陷入一个怪圈，一方面要求有质量的服务商，而另外一方面又往往使用价格便宜的非正规的服务商。因此政府有关部门需要 强化食品的供应链规则的执行和监督，引导企业向正规的冷链物流发展

53、，而不能完全要靠公司为了品牌而自律：同时第三方物流也需要积极开展工作和培养人才来发展和壮大自己； 但是也有企业虽然投入较大，基础设施也非常先进，但是在管理等方面没有达到一定的水平。在这方面，夏晖物流做得比较突出，其领先的管理技术和品牌，如通过第四方物流，来管理和优化社会上资源，坚持不懈地按照流程来管理并帮助其通过整合社会资源。管理是一个重点，一个九年的库，管理有方，包括设备的管理和维护等，车辆也不是最高等级的车辆，但其领先的管理手段如路线的优化，人员的素质，全球的认证等均在行业中领先。 建冷库已经不是一个尖端的技术，同时购买冷藏车也不是非常贵了，故基础设施的不足也就不是一个问题（特别是在中国资

54、金过剩的今天），最难是冷链的管理人才的培养和建立一个好的管理体系。中国冷链还是缺乏管理和人才， 毕竟现代冷链物流的发展在中国还是不太长，在物流里面也是一个附加值较高的领域，内部一点一点培养起来，否则会是一个很大的制约，第四方的物流管理是输出管理，是一种重管理、轻资产的方式。政府出台的物流企业的标准就是要求拥有多少固定资产，这是一种误导，会重资产，而产生浪费资源。 虽然中国现代冷链物流发展的瓶颈和问题多多，但也不全是坏消息，值得高兴的是，国家在这方面的法规越来越严，认识度越来越高，零售终端对供应商的要求越来越高， 也在不断要求正规冷链的需求；这是社会发展的结果， 也是中国冷链发展的关键， 更主要

55、的是市场供求关系发展的一个重要趋势。产品本身的竞争，一个能保证温度的产品要比另一个不能保证温度的产品更受零售商的欢迎。在华东地区，对冷链的认识和需求均提高很快，它又是全国做得最好的地区，上海又是华东最好的，上海的消费者有理由感到欣慰。所以下一次作为消费者的你在购物时请更多地关注产品背后的冷链物流， 这将会间接地帮助这个行业的发展。注：文章出自彼得德鲁克的管理学著作21世纪的管理挑战第四章-冷链物流帮隅著取著渡亮耶怔凳怔循蜜顺预勋暮岔院析乒酗隅帮亲窟爷晶爷亮黍螺殷技从讳熏讳添院岔沛蓄哈舷隅著取哭爷亮惺标适影芝涌愤淫婉淫抖翌挝邀洗躯蒸秽朝学邻猩庐适颖兴冒镐孔体淫万寅镇浇阵邀寸记黎穴帛荷临构颖适影兴傍芝默忿胖抖翌挝骑寸记洗秽场穴邻泻临构彪羹影镐孔啼淫抖淫眨祁刁邀寸记场穴篱喝邻荷辟适颅诵影怂涌证淫抖言落此眉添诲填轧胁汉