旅游英语中人文景观名称翻译研究

毕业设计（论文）RESEARCHONTHETRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESINTOURISMENGLISH姓名系（部）专业指导教师2010年月日I旅游英语中人文景观名称翻译研究摘要随着我国改革开放的不断向前推进，旅游事业也越来越兴旺地发展起来。尤其是在中国加入WTO和2008年北京奥运会的成功举办之后，来自世界各地的客人涌向中国，并试图揭开这块辽阔土地的神秘面纱。中国作为一个具有悠久历史文化及丰富旅游资源的国家，旅游景点名称的命名也自然融入了中华民族精深的历史文化，并且作为国际友人了解旅游景点的窗口传达深厚的文化内涵。旅游景点名称的命名，不仅应体现其历史文化的延续，还应成为增G5390旅游景点G2572G5353G2159的一个G1154点。然G13792，G3926G1321G4570旅游景点名称，尤其是人文景G16278的名称G13775G16805G5483G1946G11842G451G10995G2172，G4613成了一个G3803G2475G1863G8892的G9921点。G12520G13785G17902G17819G5647G13479前人的G11752G12362，加之G4557人文景G16278名称G13775G16805的现G10378G2010G7524，G1186G16833G16340G4410G10714G16782G451景点名称命名的G7053G5347及中G16211文化G5058G5334G12573G16294G5242G4557其现G4396的G19394G20076进G15904G2010G7524G994G11752G12362，并G6564G1998G11468G1863的解G1927G7053G8873。G1209G7411G4557我国旅游业，G10317G2047是人文景G16278名称G13775G16805的发展有G6164G5122G2173。关键词G726人文景G16278G13775G16805G727命名G7053G5347G727文化G5058G5334G727IIRESEARCHONTHETRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESINTOURISMENGLISHABSTRACTTHECONTINUANCEOFCHINASINDEPTHREFORMANDOPENINGUPHASSTIMULATEDTHERAPIDGROWTHOFITSTOURISTINDUSTRYAFTERENTERINGWTOANDTHECOUNTRYSSUCCESSFULBIDTOHOSTTHE2008OLYMPICGAMES,THEGUESTSFROMALLAROUNDTHEWORLDAREPOURINGINTOCHINAANDTRYTOUNCOVERTHEMYSTICALVEILOFTHISVASTLANDCHINA,ASACOUNTRY,WITHALONGHISTORYCULTUREANDRICHTOURISMRESOURCE,THENAMINGOFTHETOURISMSPOTNATURALLYINTEGRATESWITHTHEGLORIOUSHISTORICALCULTUREOFCHINESENATIONANDISREGARDEDASAWINDOWTOEXPRESSTHEDEEPCULTURALFORINTERNATIONALFRIENDSTOGETTOKNOWMOREABOUTTHETOURISMSPOTSNAMINGTHETOURISMSPOTSNOTONLYRESPECTSTHECONTINUITYOFHISTORICALCULTURE,BUTALSOBECOMESAHIGHLIGHTTOSTRENGTHENTHEATTRACTIVENESSOFTHESCENERYSPOTSWHILE,HOWTOMAKETHETRANSLATIONOFTOURISMSPOTS,ESPECIALLYINHUMANLANDSCAPENAMES,MOREACCURATELYANDLIVELY,HASBECAMEAHOTTOPICWITHHIGHATTENTIONTHEWRITERDOESTHERESEARCHBYCONCLUDINGTHEFORMERRESEARCHESANDANALYSESTHESITUATIONOFNOWADAYSTRANSLATIONONHUMANLANDSCAPES,INORDERTOMAKEMOREDISCUSSIONSANDSTUDYTHEEXISTINGPROBLEMSFROMTHELIGHTOFTRANSLATIONTHEORYINLINGUISTICMETHODSUSEDINNAMINGTHEHUMANLANDSCAPESANDCOMPARISONOFTHETWODIFFERENTCULTURES,THISARTICLESUMMARIZESTHEFORMERRESEARCHES,ANALYSESTHEEXISTINGPROBLEMSANDMAKESANEWSIGHTINPUTTINGUPSOMERELATIVESOLUTIONSATTHESAMETIME,THEARTICLERECOMMENDEDWITHTHEPURPOSEOFPROMOTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASTOURISMINDUSTRY,ESPECIALLYTHETRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESKEYWORDSTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESMETHODSOFMEANINGCULTURALDIFFERENTIIIINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION1CHAPTER1THEORIENTATIONOFTHERESEARCHONTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMES211OBJECTIVESANDPURPOSESOFTHERESEARCH212THEREASONSOFTHERESEARCHONHUMANLANDSCAPENAMES2CHAPTER2LITERATUREREVIEW421STUDIESINFLUENCINGTHECONTEMPORARYTHINKINGABOUTTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMES422DEFINITION5221DEFINITIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPE6222CRITERIAOFHUMANLANDSCAPE7223BASICFACTORSOFNAMINGTHEHUMANLANDSCAPES7224THECONTEXTLIMITATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPESDEFINITION823DEFINITION8231DEFINITIONOFTRANSLATION8232CRITERIAOFTRANSLATION9CHAPTER3THEORETICALFRAMEWORK1131ANALYSISOFTRANSLATIONFROMCULTURALDIFFERENCES11311TRADITIONALCHINESECULTURE12312FOREIGNCULTURE12313COMPARISONOFTHETWODIFFERENTCULTURES13CHAPTER4CONCLUSION1641SUMMARYOFTHERESEARCH16411THEEXISTINGPROBLEMSINTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMES16412THEIMPORTANCEOFEXACTTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMES1642SOLUTIONSOFTHEPROBLEMS1743LIMITATIONSOFTHERESEARCH21ACKNOWLEDGEMENT23BIBLIOGRAPHY231INTRODUCTIONWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASECONOMY,ANDTHESUCCESSFULBIDTO2008OLYMPICGAME,CHINAHASBECOMEMOREANDMOREATTRACTIVEINTHEEYEOFFOREIGNERSATTHESAMETIME,LARGENUMBEROFFOREIGNERSCOMESTOCHINATOHAVEAVISITANDTRYTOUNCOVERTHEMYSTICALVEILOFTHISVASTLANDTOURISMMATERIALSASANIMPORTANTINFORMATIONORMEDIATOLEARNMOREABOUTCHINASTOURISMSPOTAREBECOMINGAHIGHLIGHTTODEVELOPOURNATIONSTOURISMWHILE,THEGLORIOUSHISTORICALCULTUREOFTHECOUNTRYISTHEMOSTDIFFICULTPARTFORFOREIGNERSTOUNDERSTAND,ESPECIALLYTHEHUMANLANDSCAPESWHICHAREEXPRESSTHEDEEPCULTURALBECAUSEOFTHECULTURALDIFFERENTANDOTHERFACTORSHASALREADYAFFECTSTHEQUALITYOFTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPESNAMEISAMOSTELEMENTTOGETTOKNOWCHINASTOURISM,ANDHOWTOINTRODUCETHEEXQUISITECULTUREOFCHINATOFOREIGNERHASBECOMEAHOTTOPICINPRESENTRESEARCHES，THEREHAVELITTLEMAJORRESEARCHESABOUTTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESINTOURISMENGLISHTHISPASSAGEISTALKINGABOUTTHETRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMEINTOURISMENGLISH,ANDANALYSISMANYASPECTSTOMAKEMOREDEVELOPMENTINTHISTOURISMTRANSLATIONAREA2CHAPTER1THEORIENTATIONOFTHERESEARCHONTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMES11OBJECTIVESANDPURPOSESOFTHERESEARCHTHEACCURATELYOFTHETRANSLATIONHASBECOMEVITALTOTRANSLATORINNOWADAYSESPECIALLYINTOURISMENGLISH,HUMANLANDSCAPETAKEAGREATPARTOFCHINESETOURISMSOURCEHOWEVER,ITSALSOTHEMOSTDIFFICULTTOTRANSLATEMEANWHILE,THENAMESOFHUMANLANDSCAPEARETHEWINDOWTOLEARNMOREABOUTCHINESECULTUREANDHOWTOTRANSLATIONREMAINAHOTPROBLEMTOBESOLVEDTHERESEARCHFOCUSONTHETRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESINTOURISMENGLISHACCORDINGTOANALYSISTHEREASONTOCAUSETHESITUATIONANDPUTOUTSOMEEFFECTIVEMEASURESHOPETOHELPTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASTOURISMINDUSTRY,ESPECIALLYTHETRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMES12THEREASONSOFTHERESEARCHONHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESTHEREAREMOREANDMOREPEOPLEINCALLONTHATMAKEADEVELOPMENTINTOURISMENGLISHANDTRANSLATEMOREEXACTLYANDVIVID“THEENGLISHTRANSLATIONOFCHINESESCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSSERVESASABRIDGEBETWEENCHINAANDTHERESTOFTHEWORLDTHEELEGANTRENDERINGSAREQUIETTOURGUIDESTELLINGTHEBEAUTIFULSCENERYANDABUNDANTCULTURALHERITAGEINBEAUTIFULANDFLUENTENGLISH,WHICHWILLAROUSETHEPOTENTIALTOURISTSINTERESTSANDHENCEHASADIRECTIMPACTONTHEPROMOTIONOFTOURISMHOWEVER,ITSBYNOMEANSEASYTOTRANSLATECHINESEIMPACTONTHEPROMOTIONOFTOURISMOWINGTOTHECULTURALDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINAANDTHEWESTERNCOUNTRIESMANYDIFFICULTIESOCCURANDGETINTHEWAYOFTHEPROCESSOFMUTUALUNDERSTANDINGSMANYTRANSLATORSAREACCUSTOMEDTORENDERINGSCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSBASEDONCHINESEMINDANDWAYSOFEXPRESSION,WHICHRESULTSININACCURACIESANDMISTAKESINTRANSLATEDTEXTSAND3WEAKENSTHEEFFECTIVESOFPUBLICITYTOTHEOUTSIDEWORLDINTODAYSCHINA,THETRANSLATIONQUALITYOFSCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSISFARFROMSATISFACTORYDUETOCOUNTLESSSPELLINGMISTAKES,GRAMMATICALMISTAKESANDCULTURALMISINTERPRETATIONS,ETCTHESEPOORRENDERINGSWILLMAKEABADIMPRESSIONONTHEFOREIGNTOURISTS4CHAPTER2LITERATUREREVIEW21STUDIESINFLUENCINGTHECONTEMPORARYTHINKINGABOUTTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESTHECONTEMPORARYTHINKINGABOUTTRANSLATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPENAMESOWESSUBSTANTIALDEBTSOMEINTELLECTUALTRADITIONSNIDASSFUNCTIONALEQUIVALENCETHEORYLANESPUTOUTTHEIDEAOFTHEFUNCTIONALEQUIVALENTANDPAYATTENTIONTOTHEFUNCTIONAL,EQUIVALENCENOTEQUALPRINCIPLEHANSVERMEERSSKOPOSTHEORY,GETRIDOFTHEFOCUSESONTHEORIGINALSENTENCESEQUIVALENCETRANSLATIONTHEORYINHISBOOKTHELANGUAGEOFTOURISMASOCIOLINGUISTICPERSPECTIVE,GRAHAMMSDANN1996,ANEMERITUSPROFESSOROFTOURISMFROMTHEUNIVERSITYOFTHEWESTINDIES,BARBADOS,REVEALSTHATTHELANGUAGEOFTOURISMUSEDASPROMOTIONHASITSOWNDISCOURSEITISMORESOPHISTICATEDANDCOMPREHENSIVETHANPEOPLESUPPOSETHROUGHTHEMAGICOFWORDS,THELANGUAGEOFTOURISMATTEMPTSTOALLUREMILLIONSOFPOTENTIALTOURISTSTOTAKE5ACTIONANDSUBSEQUENTLYTOMANIPULATETHEIRATTITUDESANDBEHAVIORTHEBOOKSHEDSTHEFIRSTLIGHTONTHELANGUAGEOFTOURISMFROMTHESOCIOLINGUISTICPERSPECTIVEITANALYSESTHECONTENTSOFVARIOUSPROMOTIONALMATERIALSTHROUGHSEMIOTICPOINTOFVIEWGENREANALYSISHASALSOBEENADOPTEDINTHESTUDYOFSCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSITALIANSCHOLARERIKCASTELLO2002INHISBOOKTOURISTINFORMATIONTEXTSCORPUSBASEDSTUDYOFFOURRELATEDGENRES,AIMSTOFURNISHADESCRIPTIONOFTHELANGUAGEUSEDINTHISKINDOFTEXTSANDOFTHEIRSTRUCTURES,FOLLOWINGAGENREANALYSISAPPROACHANDMAKINGUSEOFCORPUSLINGUISTICSINHERARTICLE“THETRANSLATIONOFTOURISTLITERATURETHECASEOFCONNECTORS”MULTILINGUAL,2003,NO22291308,SPANISHLINGUISTROSALORESANZREPORTSONASTUDYWHICHFOCUSESONTHEANALYSISOFCONNECTORSCONJUNCTIONSANDDISCOURSEMARKERSINTHETHEMATICPOSITIONINTHEENGLISHTRANSLATIONOFSPANISHTOURISTMATERIALSTHESTUDYISCARRIEDOUTONASMALLSCALECORPUSCOMPOSEDOF“COMPARABLETEXTS”TEXTSWRITTENINENGLISHANDTEXTSINENGLISHTRANSLATEDFROMSPANISHANDOFTHECORRESPONDINGSPANISHSOURCETEXTSSHEARGUESTHATTHEANALYSISOFPATTERNSOFTHEME5SELECTIONPROVIDESIMPORTANTINSIGHTSINTOTHEWRITINGANDTRANSLATIONOFASPECIFICGENREBRITISHSCHOLARCAROLYNSUMBERGTHETRANSLATOR,2004,NO2329353,INHERARTICLE”BRANDLEADERSHIPATSTAKESELLINGFRANCETOBRITISHTOURISTS”,STATESTHATFORTHEFIRSTTIMEINMORETHANADECADE,FRANCEHASBEENOVERTAKENBYSPAINASBRITISHTOURISTSPREFERREDHOLIDAYDESTINATIONEVIDENCESHOWSTHATTOURISTMATERIALS,ESPECIALLYTHESCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSHAVEPLAYEDUNIMPORTANTROLEINTHEPROMOTIONOFTHECOUNTRYSTOURISMRESOURCESTOBRITISH6TOURISTSSUMBERGASCERTAINSTHATGREATEFFORTHASBEENMADEBYTHESPANISHTOURISMBOARD,WELLSUPPORTEDBYTRANSLATIONSCHOLARS,TOMAXIMIZESPAINSATTRACTIONFOROTHERNATIONALITIESTHEYHAVEPAIDCAREFULATTENTIONTOTHEAPPEALOFTHEIRTOURISTMATERIALSSOFARASDESIGN,PRODUCTIONANDTRANSLATIONARECONCERNEDTHEOVERSEASRESEARCHERSMENTIONEDABOVEHAVECONFIRMEDTHESIGNIFICANTROLEPLAYEDBYTHETOURISTMATERIALSREPRESENTEDBYSCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSANDHAVEDISCUSSEDTHETRANSLATIONOFSCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSFROMTHEPERSPECTIVESOFSOCIOLINGUISTICS,GENREANALYSISANDCONTRASTIVETEXTANALYSISHOWEVER,DUETOTHELACKOFSTUDIESWITHSPECIALREFERENCETOTHETRANSLATIONOFSCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESE,ITWOULDBEQUITENECESSARYTOINCLUDETHERESEARCHESCONCERNINGTHISTOPICCONDUCTEDBYCHINESESCHOLARS22DEFINITIONCULTURALLANDSCAPEREPRESENTSTHE“COMBINEDWORKSOFNATUREANDOFMAN”DESIGNATEDINARTICLE1OFTHECONVENTIONCONCERNINGTHEPROTECTIONOFTHEWORLDCULTURALANDNATURALHERITAGEGENERALLY,CULTURALLANDSCAPEFALLSINTOTHEFOLLOWINGCATEGORIES1THEMOSTEASILYIDENTIFIABLEISTHELANDSCAPEDESIGNEDANDCREATEDINTENTIONALLYBYMANTHISEMBRACESGARDENANDPARKLANDLANDSCAPESCONSTRUCTEDFORAESTHETICREASONSWHICHAREOFTENBUTNOTALWAYSASSOCIATEDWITHRELIGIONOROTHERMONUMENTALBUILDINGSANDENSEMBLES2THESECONDCATEGORYISTHEORGANICALLYEVOLVEDLANDSCAPETHISRESULTS6FROMANINITIALSOCIAL,ECONOMIC,ADMINISTRATIVE,ANDORRELIGIOUSIMPERATIVEANDHASDEVELOPEDITSPRESENTFORMBYASSOCIATIONWITHANDINRESPONSETOITSNATURALENVIRONMENTSUCHLANDSCAPESREFLECTTHATPROCESSOFEVOLUTIONINTHEIRFORMANDCOMPONENTFEATURESTHEYAREFURTHERDIVIDEDINTOTWOSUBCATEGORIESARELICTORFOSSILLANDSCAPEISONEINWHICHANEVOLUTIONARYPROCESSCAMETOANENDATSOMETIMEINTHEPAST,EITHERABRUPTLYOROVERAPERIODITSSIGNIFICANTDISTINGUISHINGFEATURESARE,HOWEVER,STILLVISIBLEINMATERIALFORMACONTINUINGLANDSCAPEISONEWHICHRETAINSANACTIVESOCIALROLEINCONTEMPORARYSOCIETYCLOSELYASSOCIATEDWITHTHETRADITIONALWAYOFLIFE,ANDINWHICHTHEEVOLUTIONISSTILLINPROGRESSATTHESAMETIMEITEXHIBITSSIGNIFICANTMATERIALEVIDENCEOFITSEVOLUTIONOVERTIME3THEFINALCATEGORYISTHEASSOCIATIVECULTURALLANDSCAPETHEINCLUSIONOFSUCHLANDSCAPESINTHEWORLDHERITAGELISTISJUSTIFIABLEBYVIRTUEOFTHEPOWERFULRELIGIOUS,ARTISTICORCULTURALASSOCIATIONSOFTHENATURALELEMENTRATHERTHANMATERIALCULTURALEVIDENCE,WHICHMAYBEINSIGNIFICANTOREVENABSENTG16886G1820G8913，中国G16847G7424，2006221DEFINITIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPEHUMANLANDSCAPEALSOCALLED“CULTURALLANDSCAPE”WHICHREPRESENTSTHE“COMBINEDWORKSOFNATUREANDOFMAN”ANDACCORDINGTOTHECONVENTIONCONCERNINGTHEPROTECTIONOFTHEWORLDCULTURALANDNATIONALHERITAGE,THEFOLLOWINGSHALLBECLASSIFIEDASCULTURELANDSCAPEORHERITAGES1MONUMENTSARCHITECTURALWORKS,WORKSOFMONUMENTALSCULPTUREANDPAINTING,ELEMENTSORSTRUCTURESOFANARCHAEOLOGICALNATURE,INSCRIPTIONS,CAVEDWELLINGSANDCOMBINATIONSOFFEATURES,WHICHAREOFOUTSTANDINGUNIVERSALVALUEFROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFHISTORYARTORSCIENCE2GROUPSOFBUILDINGSGROUPSOFSEPARATEORCONNECTEDBUILDINGSWHICHBECAUSEOFTHEIRARCHITECTURE,THEIRHOMOGENEITYORTHEIRPLACEINTHELANDSCAPE,WHICHAREOFOUTSTANDINGUNIVERSAL,VALUEFROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFHISTORY,ARTORSCIENCE3SITESWORKSOFMANORTHECOMBINEDWORKSOFNATUREANDMAN,AREASINCLUDINGARCHAEOLOGICALSITES,WHICHAREOFOUTSTANDINGUNIVERSALVALUEFROMTHEHISTORICAL7AESTHETIC,ETHNOLOGICALORANTHROPOLOGICALPOINTOFVIEWAESTHETIC,ETHNOLOGICALORANTHROPOLOGICALPOINTOFVIEWG708G16886G1820G8913，2006G709222CRITERIAOFHUMANLANDSCAPEACCORDINGTHEVIEWOFTHEFAMOUSWRITERXIEXIANZEG457TRAVELINCHINAANENGLISHREADERG4582006G72630INHISBOOK,HEHASSAIDTHAT“FORAPROPERTYTOBEINCLUDEDINTHEWORLDHERITAGELISTASCULTURALHERITAGE,THEWORLDHERITAGECOMMITTEEMUSTFINDTHATITMEETONEORMOREOFTHEFOLLOWINGCRITERIA1REPRESENTAMASTERPIECEOFHUMANCREATIVEGENIUS2EXHIBITANIMPORTANTINTERCHANGEOFHUMANVALUES,OVERASPANOFTIMEORWITHINACULTURALAREOFTHEWORLDONDEVELOPMENTINARCHITECTUREORTECHNOLOGYMONUMENTALARTS,TOWNPLANNINGORLANDSCAPEDESIGN3BEARAUNIQUEORATLEASTEXCEPTIONALTESTIMONYTOACULTURALTRADITIONORTOACIVILIZATIONWHICHISLIVINGORWHICHHASDISAPPEARED4BEANOUTSTANDINGEXAMPLEOFATYPEOFBUILDINGORARCHITECTURALORTECHNOLOGICALENSEMBLEORLANDSCAPEWHICHILLUSTRATESASIGNIFICANTSTAGESINHUMANHISTORY5BEANOUTSTANDINGEXAMPLEOFATRADITIONALHUMANSETTLEMENTORLANDUSEWHICHISREPRESENTATIVEOFACULTUREORCULTURES,ESPECIALLYWHENITHASBECOMEVULNERABLEUNDERTHEIMPACTOFIRREVERSIBLECHARGE6BEDIRECTLYORTANGIBLYASSOCIATEWITHEVENTSORLIVINGTRADITIONSWITHIDEAS,ORWITHBELIEFS,WITHARTISTICANDLITERARYWORKSIFOUTSTANDINGUNIVERSALSIGNIFICANCE,THECOMMITTEECONSIDERSTHATTHISCRITERIONSHOULDJUSTIFYINCLUSIONINTHELISTONLYINEXCEPTIONALCIRCUMSTANCESANDINCONJUNCTIONWITHOTHERCRITERIACULTURALORNATURAL223BASICFACTORSOFNAMINGTHEHUMANLANDSCAPESINTRADITIONALCHINESE,THEREAREMANYFACTORTOAFFECTTHENAMINGTHETOURISMSPOT,ESPECIALLYTHENAMEOFTHEHUMANLANDSCAPEFIRSTOFALL,MOSTOFHUMANLANDSCAPESNAMESARENAMEDBYTHESPECIALLOCALPRODUCTOFONEPLACE,ASAGEOGRAPHICALFEATURESOFAPLACE,PEOPLEALWAYSNAMEDITBYTHELOCALPRODUCTSWHICHTHEPEOPLESLIVINGBYFOREXAMPLE,RAPEKENNELINXINJIANG,ORANGEISLANDINHUNAN,ANDGOLDMOUNTAININSHANGHAIETC8SECONDLY,INSOMEHUMANLANDSCAPESNAMEDAFTERHISTORYEVENTSORMYTHSANDSTORIESSUCHASBAIMATEMPLE,YELLOWCRANETOWERANDSOONTHIRDLY,MOSTOFHUMANLANDSCAPESALSONAMEDBYHISTORYFAMOUSPERSONSNAME,SUCHAS“G14719G5845G9258”,“G4388G6163G9258”,“G1863G7531”AND“G4392G4388G5229”FOURTH,MANYLANDSCAPESPICKUPSOMEFAMOUSPOETSPOEM,LIKELOVENIGHTPAVILIONISCOMESFROMDUMUSFAMOUSPOETINSONGDYNASTYPOEM“G1584G17722G3364G10245G7551G7531G7214”ANDSOONOFCOURSE,THEREAREMANYFACTORSOFNAMINGTHEHUMANLANDSCAPESWECANWRITEITALLDOWNINTHEARTICLE,ONLYCHOOSESOMEBASICFACTORSOFNAMINGITTHATISENOUGH224THECONTEXTLIMITATIONOFHUMANLANDSCAPESDEFINITIONCONTEXTISATERMWHICHWASWIDELYUSEDINAREAOFLINGUISTICRESEARCHES,ANDING457G13666国传G13491G16801G1868G2464解G458,ITWASEXPLAINEDASTHEPARTOFATEXTORSTATEMENTTHATSURROUNDSAPARTICULARWORDORPASSAGEANDDETERMINEDITSMEANING23DEFINITION231DEFINITIONOFTRANSLATION“TRANSLATION”,ISEXPRESSTHEMEANINGWHICHAKINDOFLANGUAGEWORDCONTENTTRANSFERTOANOTHERLANGUAGEWORDSANDALSOREPRESENTSNATIONSCOMMONLANGUAGEANDWORDSWHILE,ASABRIDGEOFINTERNATIONALCOMMUNICATION,ITISVITALFORUSTOCONTROLTHEINFORMATIONWHICHLEFTBYFORMERSASEUGENEANIDANIDABEXPRESSIVENESSTHISREFERSNOTONLYTOTHEINTERTEXTUALCOHERENCEOFTHETARGETTEXT,BUTALSOTHEADAPTATIONTOTHEFEATURESOFTOURISMLANGUAGECELEGANCETHETRANSLATEDVERSIONSHOULDPRESERVETHEAESTHETICELEMENTINTOURISMLANGUAGEINHISPOINTOFVIEW,THEMAJORPRINCIPLESGUIDINGTHEENGLISHTRANSLATIONOFCHINESETOURISTMATERIALSARETOBETOURISTORIENTEDANDTOAIMATPROMOTINGCHINESECULTURESKOPOSTHEORYISALSOADOPTEDINKEXIXIANGSARTICLE“SKOPOSTHEORYANDTHETRANSLATIONOFTOURISTLITERATURE”G708G7619G13466G20333,2002，NOG72622,9091G709ASTOTHECRITERIAOFTRANSLATION,XINGYI,ACHINESESCHOLARG708,G18038G5621，2001，NO3G7263942G709RAISESFOURCRITERIAFORTHETRANSLATIONOFSCENICSPOTINTRODUCTIONSANATURALNESSTHETRANSLATIONSHOULDREADNATURALBACCURACYTHETRANSLATORSHOULD,ONONEHAND,AVOIDSPELLINGMISTAKES,ANDONTHEOTHER,MAKESURETHEWORDSEMPLOYEDCANCONV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