数控钻床横、纵两向进给系统的设计 外文文献及翻译

THEDEVELOPMENTOFNUMERICALCONTROLTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEMACHINETOOLINDUSTRYCOULDHARDLYBEAPPRECIATEDWITHOUTABRIEFREVIEWOFITSBIRTHANDGROWTHJOHNWILKINSONBUILTHISMETALCUTTINGBORINGMACHINEINTHEEIGHTEENTHCENTURY,BUTNEARLYTWOCENTURIESOFEVOLUTIONWERENEEDEDTOPRODUCETHEHYDRAULICTRACERCONTROLLEDCOPYMILLSANDLATHESTHENEXTSTARE,AUTOMATION,WASBROUGHTABOUTBYMASSPRODUCTIONOFAUTOMOBILES,AGRICULTURALIMPLEMENTS,HOUSEHOLDAPPLIANCES,CHEMICALPRODUCTS,ASWELLASINVENTORYANDFINANCIALDATAHANDLINGTHREEKINDSOFAUTOMATIONMETTHENEEDSOFSOCIETYFORAMAJORPARTOFTHETWENTIETHCENTURYTHEREWERE1AUTOMOTIVEORFIXEDASSEMBLYLINEAUTOMATION2PROCESSCONTROLAUTOMATION,PRIMARILYUSEDINTHEMANUFACTUREOFCHEMICALANDFOODPRODUCTS3DATAPROCESSINGFIRSTDEVELOPEDFORPROCESSINGPAYROLLS,DATACOLLECTION,ANDINVENTORYCONTROLTHESECONDWORLDWARMARKEDTHETURNINGPOINTINTHEABILITYOFTHEMETALCUTTINGINDUSTRYTOCOPEWITHTHEREQUIREMENTSFACINGITTHEAMBITIOUSAIRCRAFTANDMISSILEPROJECTSOFTHEUSAIRFORCE,COMBINEDWITHTHEDEMANDSFORCOMMERCIALJETS,MADEITQUITECLEARTHATCONVENTIONALMANUFACTURINGCOULDNOTFULFILLFUTURENEEDSASTUDYOFTHEUSGOVERNMENTSHOWEDTHATTHECOMBINEDRESOURCESOFTHEENTIREUSMETALCUTTINGINDUSTRYIN1947COULDNOTPRODUCETHEPARTSNEEDEDBYTHEAIRFORCEALONGUNDERCONTRACTTOTHEUSAIRFORCE，THEPARSONSCORPORATIONUNDERTOOKTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAFLEXIBLE,DYNAMICMANUFACTURINGSYSTEM,DESIGNEDTOMAXIMIZEPRODUCTIVITYBYEMPHASIZINGDETAILSREQUIREDTOACHIEVEDESIREDACCURACIESTHISSYSTEMWOULDALLOWDESIGNCHANGESWITHOUTCOSTLYMODIFICATIONSTOTOOLINGANDFIXTURING,ANDITWOULDFITINTOMODERN,PRODUCTIVEMANUFACTURINGMANAGEMENTFORSMALLTOMEDIUMSIZEDPRODUCTIONRUNSTHEPARSONSCORPORATIONSUBCONTRACTEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHECONTROLSYSTEMTOTHEMASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYIN1951ACONTROL,WHICHWOULDBEAPPLICABLETOAWIDEVARIETYOFMACHINETOOLS,WOULDDRIVEASLIDELEADSCREWTHROUGHANINTERFACE,ASINSTRUCTEDBYTHEOUTPUTOFACOMPUTERMITMETTHECHALLENGESUCCESSFULLY,ANDIN1952DEMONSTRATEDACINCINNATIHYDROTELMILLINGMACHINEEQUIPPEDWITHTHENEWTECHNOLOGY,WHICHWASNAMEDNUMERICALCONTROLNCANDUSEDAPREPUNCHEDTAPEASTHEINPUTMEDIASINCE1952,PRACTICALLYEVERYMACHINETOOLMANUFACTURERINTHEWESTERNWORLDHASCONVERTEDPARTORALLOFITSPRODUCTTONCTHEFIRSTNCMACHINESUSEDVACUUMTUBES,ELECTRICALRELAYS,ANDCOMPLICATEDMACHINECONTROLINTERFACESTHESECONDGENERATIONOFMACHINESUTILIZEDIMPROVEDMINIATUREELECTRONICTUBES,ANDLATERSOLIDSTATECIRCUITSASCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYIMPROVED,NCUNDERWENTONEOFTHEMOSTRAPIDCHANGESKNOWNINHISTORYTHETHIRDGENERATIONUSEDMUCHIMPROVEDINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSCOMPUTERHARDWAREBECAMEPROGRESSIVELYLESSEXPENSIVEANDMORERELIABLEANDNCCONTROLBUILDERSINTRODUCEDFORTHEFIRSTTIMEREADONLYMEMORYROMTECHNOLOGYROMWASTYPICALLYUSEDFORPROGRAMSTORAGEINSPECIALPURPOSEAPPLICATION,LEADINGTOTHEAPPEARANCEOFTHECOMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLCNCSYSTEMCNCWASSUCCESSFULLYINTRODUCEDTOPRACTICALLYEVERYMANUFACTURINGPROCESSDRILLING,MILLING,ANDTURNINGTOWEREPERFORMEDON“MACHININGCENTRE”AND“TURNINGCENTRE”CNCTOOKOVERGLASSCUTTING,PATTERNMAKING,ELECTRICALDISCHARGEMACHINING,STEELMILLROLLGRINDING,ANDCOORDINATEMEASURINGELECTRONBEAMWELDING，TUBEBENDING,DRAFTING,PRINTEDCIRCUITMANUFACTURING,COILWINDINGFUNCTIONALTESTING,ROBOTS,ANDMANYOTHERPROCESSESASETOFPREPROGRAMMEDSUBROUTINES,NAMEDCANNEDCYCLES,WEREDEVELOPEDFORUSEINROUTINEOPERATIONSTHEYWERERECORDEDINTOTHEROMSANDREMAINEDTHEREEVENAFTERPOWERWASSHUTOFFFORTHEFIRSTTIME,THISCONCEPTMADEITPOSSIBLETOREADTHEMACHININGPROGRAMINTOMEMORYANDTOOPERATETHEMACHINEFROMMEMORYINADDITIONTOTHEADVANTAGESOFEDITING,THEPROBLEMSCAUSEDBYERRONEOUSTAPEREADINGDISAPPEAREDALONGWITHTHEMANYCANNEDCYCLEOPTION,CNCBUILDERSINTRODUCEDDISPLAYSFORVISUALEDITINGOFPARTPROGRAMSINMEMORYVARIOUSINCYCLEPROBLEMSGENERATEDALARMSANDHUNDREDSOFDIAGNOSTICMESSAGESWHICHCOULDBEDISPLAYEDASAPPLICABLEPRACTICALLYEVERYFUNCTIONOFTHEMACHINEWASTIREDINTOTHESYSTEMANDMONITOREDDURINGOPERATIONACONSTANTSURFACESPEEDCONTROLWASINCORPORATEDANDCONTINUOUSLYANTICIPATEDTHEMOSTEFFICIENTSPINDLESPEEDFORTHENEXTCUTTOMINIMIZETIMELOSTFORSPINDLEACCELERATIONTHECONVENTIONALLINEARANDCIRCULARINTERPOLATIONINCARTESIANRECTANGULARCOORDINATESWERESUPPLEMENTEDBYPOLARCOORDINATESANDHELICALINTERNALPARAMETERS,CREATEDANELECTRONICCRASHBARRIERTOPREVENTTOOLCOLLISIONTHELATTERGROUPFEATURESMARKEDTHEARRIVALOFHIGHTECHNOLOGYTOTHEMANUFACTURINGORMETALCUTTINGINDUSTRYTHEIMPROVEMENTINDRIVESWASIMPORTANTFORTHESYSTEMASTHECONTRIBUTIONOFTHEMICROPROCESSORORTHEMINICOMPUTERTHEFEEDDRIVES,USUALLYKNOWNASSERVOSRIVES,CONSISTOFAMOTORANDITSCONTROLWHICHRECEIVESITSMOTIONINSTRUCTIONFROMTHECNCTHEIRPERFORMANCEISESSENTIALTOTHEACCURACY,RELIABILITY,ANDFLEXIBILITYOFTHECNCSYSTEMTHEOPENLOOPSYSTEMISNORMALLYUSEDINSIMPLEPOINTTOPOINT,ORPOSITIONINGSYSTEMS,ALTHOUGHIMPROVEMENTSINTECHNOLOGYHAVEMADEITPOSSIBLETOINSTALLTHESYSTEMINCONTOURINGSYSTEMSASWELLALTHOUGHMANYCNCSYSTEMSSTILLUSEHYDRAULICORPULSEMOTORS,THEDCDRIVESHAVEGAINEDDOMINANCEONAMUCHLARGESCALEINMOSTCASES,THEDRIVEPACKAGESAREPURCHASEDFROMSPECIALIZEDDRIVESYSTEMBUILDERSRANGEFROM3000REVOLUTIONPERMINUTERPMTOLESSTHAN1RPMWITHOUTSTALLINGTHEYDEVELOPPEAKTORQUECAPABILITIESWITHHIGHSLIDEACCELERATIONANDLOWINERTIAFOROPTIMIZEDSYSTEMRESPONSEMOSTDRIVESYSTEMSOFFERACHOICEBETWEENTRANSISTORIZEDSILICONECONTROLLEDRECTIFIERSANDPULSEWIDTHMODULATIONOVERTHEFULLRANGEOFAMPLIFIEDVOLTAGESTHESEDRIVESCANNOWDRIVEVIRTUALLYANYLEADSCREWTHEIRHIGHRESPONSEINNERCURRENTLOOPSPROVIDERELIABLEREGULATIONOFTORQUELOADDISTURBANCETHEYCANALSOBEBUILTWITHHIGHGAINPREAMPLIFIERSTOCLOSEHIGHBANDWIDTHVELOCITYLOOPSTHEDCDRIVESPROVIDETHEANSWERTOTHEMOSTESSENTIALNEEDSOFACCELERATION,DECELERATION,SHOPPING,ANDCONSTANTVELOCITY,WITHINHERENTSHAFTSTIFFNESSFORSUCCESSFULOPERATIONOFTHECNCSYSTEMTHESAMEDRIVESYSTEMSACTUATEROBOTS,TRANSFER,FLIGHTSIMULATORS,GRAPHICPLOTTERS,ETCASTHESEDRIVESAREINFINITELYVARIABLEANDFULLYREGENERATIVE,THEYCANPROVIDEFORMAXIMUMPERFORMANCEANDCONTROLOVERTHEWHOLERANGEOFTHEMOTORBYELIMINATINGGEARBOXESANDCLUTCHESTHECOSTOFDRIVESFORTHETHIRDGENERATIONCNCSYSTEMWASREDUCEDSUBSTANTIALLYTHEFORTHGENERATIONMICROPROCESSORCNCINCORPORATEDINMANYCASESTHECONTROVERSIALBUBBLEMEMORYTHEBUBBLESAREMAGNETICGARNETCRYSTALSGROWNONNONMAGNETICSUBSTRATE,RANGINGINSIZEFROM2TO30MICROMETERS,ANDUSEDASNONVOLATILEDATASTORAGEALTHOUGHATTHISSTAGEITISNOTCOMPETITIVEINTHELARGECOMPUTERS,THEBUBBLEMEMORYISCLOSINGTHECOSTGAPWITHDISKSTORAGEDEVICESINSENSITIVETOADVERSETEMPERATURECHANGES,DUST,ANDVIBRATION,THEBUBBLEMEMORYHASDEMONSTRATESSUPERIORRELIABILITYINSHOPENVIRONMENTGENERALNUMERICALINTRODUCEITSFOURTHGENERATIONCNCUSINGBUBBLEMEMORYHOWEVERHITACHI,ANOTHERELECTRONICGIANT,BELIEVETHATBUBBLEMEMORYWILLPROVIDETHEECONOMICALANSWERTODIRECTNUMERICALCONTROLDNCAMONGTHESTRENGTHSOFTHEFOURTHGENERATIONMICROPROCESSORCNCMCNCAREADDEDPARTPROGRAMMEMORYSTORAGE,REDUCTIONOFPRINTEDCIRCUITBOARDS,PROGRAMMABLEINTERFACE,FASTERMEMORYACCESS,PARAMETRICSUBROUTINES,ANDMACROCAPABILITIESTHESYSTEMUSERCANNOWWRITESPECIFICCANNEDCYCLESDIRECTEDTOPARTICULARAPPLICATIONS“USERMACROS”,FARMOREECONOMICALANDEFFICIENTTHANCONVENTIONALCANNEDCYCLESMATHEMATICALCALCULATIONSWITHDOLOOPSUBROUTINESUSINGVARIABLESCANNOWBEINCORPORATEDINTHEPARTPROGRAMTHEMICROPROCESSORCONTROLSBOTHCOMPUTATIONSANDMOTIONCOMMANDSTHUS,FOLLOWINGANINPROCESSGAGGING,ANOUTOFTOLERANCECONDITIONWILLBEFEDBACK,ANDTHETOOLOFFSETWILLBEAUTOMATICALLYMODIFIEDTOACHIEVETHEDESIREDPARTDIMENSIONSINADDITION,THEFOURTHGENERATIONMICROCOMPUTERCNCSYSTEMHASTHEABILITYTOCONTROLTYPICALROBOTFUNCTIONSSUCHASLOADINGANDUNLOADINGPARTSUSINGTHETEACHINLEARNINGMODE,THEROBOTCANBEPROGRAMMEDTOCHANGETOOLSORREMOVECHIPSTHEMAINTENANCEASPECT,HOWEVER,HASNOTKEPTUPWITHTHESYSTEMDEVELOPMENTMANYCNCSANDMCNCSARENOTSUFFICIENTLYPROTECTEDAGAINSTPOWERSURGES,SPIKES,ORTRANSIENTS,CAUSEDBYWELDINGEQUIPMENT,SOLENOIDS,MOTORS,ORFLUORESCENTLIGHTSCONNECTEDTOTHESAMEPOWERSUPPLYASTHECNCPOTENTIALPROBLEMSARERUNAWAYSANDLOSSORDAMAGETOPROGRAMSINMEMORYMANYOFTHEMAINTENANCEHEADACHESCOULDANDPROBABLYWILLBEELIMINATEDBYPHASINGOUTTHEFASTRESPONSE,LOWENERGYMETALOXIDEVERSIONSUPPRESSORSORTHEMEDIUMRESPONSE,HIGHENERGYISOLATIONTRANSFORMERSSUPPRESSORSTHEREPLACEMENT,SOLIDSTATESUPPRESSORS,HAVEARESPONSETIMEONTHEORDEROF46NANOSECONDS,TENTIMESFASTERTHANTHEMETALOXIDEVERSIONSMOVSTHIREENERGYDISSIPATINGCAPACITYOF16667JISFARHIGHERTHANTHE40JCAPACITYOFTHEMOVSWHEREWILLTECHNOLOGYGOFROMHERETOALARGEEXTENTITDEVELOPSONTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHESYSTEMUSERSANDTHEDEMANDSTHEYWILLPOSETOTHEDESIGNERSANDBUILDERSOFTHEMOSTPRACTICALELEMENTSOFCOMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNANDCOMPUTERAIDEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYTHEBASICHARDWAREOFTHECNCCONSISTSOFTHEINPUTUNITS,THECOMPUTINGORMATHEMATICSUNIT,THECONTROLUNIT,ANDTHEOUTPUTUNITSTHEFUNCTIONOFANYINPUTUNITISTOPROVIDEDATATOTHECOMPUTERINTHEFORMOFNUMERICINSTRUCTIONSPRESENTCNCSYSTEMSAREDESIGNEDTOOPERATEWITHDIFFERENTINPUTMEDIATHEMOSTCOMMONOFTHESEISTHEPUNCHEDTAPE,MAINLYBECAUSEITCANREADINEXPENSIVELY,ISLESSSENSITIVETOHANDLING,ISINEXPENSIVETOPURCHASE,ANDREQUIRESLESSEQUIPMENTTOMAKEANDLESSCOSTLYSPACEFORDATASTORAGEITSDISADVANTAGE,HOWEVER,ISTHATITCANNOTBEREUSEDTHEMAGNETICTAPEHASLIMITEDUSEASACNCMEDIA,ITREQUIRESSOPHISTICATEDEXPENSIVEEQUIPMENTFORPROGRAMRECORDINGANDREADING,ANDTHEPROGRAMMEROROPERATORCANNOTSEETHERECORDEDCODESANDTHEREFORECANNOTREADTHEMRECORDINGERRORSARENOTASOBVIOUSANDVISIBLEASTHEYAREINPUNCHEDTAPEMAGNETICTAPEREQUIRESSPECIALSTORAGESPACEANDMUSTBEHANDLEDCAREFULLYTOAVOIDERASINGTHEPROGRAMTHETYPEWRITER,MORECOMMONLYKNOWNASTHEKEYBOARD,HASLIMITEDUSEBECAUSEOFTHEOPERATORSSPEEDITMAYNOTBEUSEDFORLONGPROGRAMINPUT,BUTISPRIMARILYFORSMALLPROGRAMSITSMAINUSEISTOEDITCORRECTPROGRAMSALREADYINMEMORYORTOGENERATESINGLEOPERATIONSINTHEMANUALDATAINPUTMDIMODETHEOBJECTIVEHEREISTOINTRODUCETHEREADERTOTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHECODESWEUSEINOURINPUTUNITSTOCOMMUNICATEWITHTHECNCCOMPUTER数字控制的发展机床工业的发展很难用简单的几句话来形容它的产生和成长。约翰威廉森在18世纪建立了他自己的金属切削钻床；但是，在近两个世纪的的改革中模仿铣床和车床的具有液压系统控制的钻床一样被社会所需要。大批量自动化的引进在农业，家庭工具和化学生产的应用，就像账本在财务数据上的使用，即将成为下一个关注的焦点。在20世纪，有三种自动化形式广泛适用于社会，它们是1机动或者固定装配生产线的自动化2加工控制自动化，主要用于化学工艺和食G2709的生产G22为G16757G12651G6265G15932，数据G6922G19610和G2842G2709G6265G15932G13792发展的数据G3800G10714自动化G12544G1120G8437世G11040大G6124G7643G5547金属切削机床工业在G19766G2533G3800G10714社会需G8726G14033G2159上的G17728G6252点；G1817G9397G18338G5527的G13666G3281G12366G1903的G14334G12366，G4560G5389G1119业的发展，G2325G2010G7138了的G7186G12046G1998G5132G16280的制G17908工业G7693本G993G14033G9397G17287将来的需要。一G1233G13666G3281G6931G5232的G11752G12362数据G7186G12046在1947G5192G6984个G13666G3281的金属切削机床工业的G17176G9316配G2524在一G17227G1075G9397G17287G993了G12366G1903的G18108G2010需要。在G13666G3281G12366G1903的G2524约下，G5097森G1856G2508G13949G17139G18337G1231，G16786G16757G12373G1998G4557G17810G2052所需要的G12946G5242G13466G14422来G6205大生产G10587的一个G9801G8975的G451有动G2159的制G17908业G1319系。G17837个系统G1813G16780G16786G16757的改G2476但G2376G8821有G7460G7021的G9022G17165，G5194G1000它G12538G2524G10628G1207G4579批量生产制G17908的G12661G10714的需要。G5097森G1856G2508在1G28G241G5192G6227G6297了G21647G11477G10714工学G19510的控制系统的改G17908，一个广泛适用于G2520种机床的控制在G5483G2052G16757G12651机的G6363G12046G2530G17902G17819一个G2010G11040G19766G6524动了G9381G7562G1009G7476的发展。G21647G11477G10714工学G19510G4466G20576的成G2163，在1952G5192G4557G3818G4471G5079一G2500辛辛那提市的含先进技术G5194把控制G19766板作为输入媒介被命名为数字控制的铣床G16786备产生了。自从1952G5192开始，在西方G3281家，每G2500G4466际应用的机床全G18108G17728化成数控化的形式。每一G2500数控机床均使用了真G12366G12661道，电子继电器，复杂的机床G11040G19766。G12544G1120G1207可利用机床发展成成缩G4579电子继电器，更新固态电路。G16757G12651机的迅猛发展，数控技术经历了一个又一个的巨大历史G2476革。G12544三G1207使用的是G19610成电路。低G17165用的电脑软件的进步，G2476G5483更可靠和只读存储器技术G12544一G8437被数字控制G16786G16757者的引进。只读存储器是一个典型应用在特殊目的程序存储器，引G4560G16757G12651机数控系统的G1998G10628。G16757G12651机数字控制系统是一个成G2163的引进每一G2500G4466际操作的制G17908工艺。钻床G451铣床逐渐演G2476成加工中G5527或者是车削中G5527，G16757G12651机数字控制系统采用玻璃切削，制模工具，电火花加工，轧辊抛光和坐G7643测量电子束焊。G12661子弯头，绘图，打印回路地板，线圈绕组性G14033测G20576，机器人，和G16780多其他的工艺程序。一组既定程序的子程序，在周期往复操作中使用存储循环，它们记录着只读存储器G5194G1000在关闭电G9316G2530还G14033继续保持，首先读入存储器程序，然G2530再用程序去操作机床。除此G17837些优点之G3818，读入的内存错误的消失是一个G19394G20076之一。G1288G19555着G16780多存储循环的G17885G6333，工程G5084们G16786G16757了一个在存储器中G18108G2010程序的可G16282化G13546G17765，G2520种循环G19394G20076G18129G14033产生G16698G6265G13792G1000适用的G2520种特G5461G1461G5699G18129G14033G7186G12046。G4466际上，机床中的每一个G2001数在操作中G18129是消G13803系统的，一个G15932G19766的G17907G5242控制是被G9163G2524的，G13792G1000G14033G993G1584的G1284G16757切削加G17907G5242G6940G7536，为下一G8437缩G4579加G17907G5242G1552的G6451失G1582G1946备。G1268统的生产线和在G17854G2357坐G7643系中的G3290G5371G6566G15929在G7509坐G7643和G15758G7071内G18108坐G7643中有所G3698加G5194G1000G16786G13634了一个电子G11908G6770G19568G11873来G19471G8502G11908G6770，G2530者G7643G5547了金属切削机床技术又上G2331了一个新的G20652G5242。G20549动的加G17907G4557系统来G16840数就像G5506G3800G10714器和G5506型G16757G12651机所G1582的G17141G10498一样G18337要。G1268动系统的G20549动一G14336被广泛的G12228为G11013G20544G17810和从G16757G12651机数字控制G6521G2475G20544G17810G6363G12046的控制的G1294G7393G20549动。G16757G12651机数字控制制系统的动作是G19762G5132的G1946G11842，G12295定和G9801G8975的。G15441然技术的进步使它G14033G3827在G17730G5287操作中G4445装，但是开环系统还只是G7234G17953适用在简单点G4557点的控制上。G15441然G16757G12651机控制系统还在使用液压或G14045G1926G20544G17810，但是G11464G8981G20549动在很大成G5242上G5062经G2356了统G8847的地G1313。大G18108G2010G5785G1929下，G17837个G20549动的组件G17902G17819特G2047的G20549动系统G14551G3272在3000R/MG20521R/M是可G1209G17153G1092的。在使系统G7380优化的G2528G7114G20652G17907低G5827性的G6205展G4804G1552G17728G11709的大G4579。G16780多G20549动系统在G17902G17819加大的电压G14551G3272在G7242G1319G11801控制G7669G7692和G14045G1926G4497G5242的G16855制中提G1391一个G17885G6333。G17837些G20549动G14033应用在典型的G15758G13453G4560程，他们的G20652G2721应内G18108回路电G8981提G1391了可靠的G17728G11709G17139G17745G16855G14422。他们G14033被G16786G16757成G20652G3698G11422G2081G13634G6930大器进G13792去G6521近G20652G4497G20069G8585的G20652G17907回路。G11464G8981发电机G20549动提G1391G7380G3534本的加G17907G5242G451G1955G17907G5242G451G1584G8502和G5670G20652G17907需G8726的方G8873。G5194G1000还G2265G6336固有G17736的G11840G5242来G4557G16757G12651机控制系统进G15904控制。G11468G2528的G20549动系统使G17977控装G13634G451生产线G451G20146G15904模G6323机G451绘图机G12573G2476G5483更加G12946G11842。G3252为G17837些G20549动是G7509其G993G12295定G5194G1000全G18108回G9921的G20549动系统，所G1209他们G14033为G3698G5390它们G6984个自定G14551G3272的性G14033和控制G1582G1946备。G17902G17819消除G2476G17907G12677和G12175G2524器，G12544三G1207G16757G12651机控制系统的花G17165在逐步下G19489。G12544四G1207G5506G3800G10714器G16757G12651机控制系统在G16780多G5785G1929下G9163G2524成G1268统的气泡形式存储，G17837种形式是一种G14551G3272在230G5506米的G14551G3272内具有磁性的红水G7242，加深了G4557G19762磁性物的影G2721，G5194G1000作为永存储器来使用。G15441然在G17837个G18108G2010他G993G14033与大型G16757G12651机竞争，但是气泡式存储器是缩G4579成本差额的存储方案；温G5242的G11468反G2476化G451G19610尘G451波动G18129G11468G4557的G993敏感。气泡式存储器曾经G4466G20576了在车间环境具有很G20652的可靠性。总G1319来G16840数字控制介绍了它使用气泡式存储的G12544四G1207G16757G12651机控制系统的使用。可是，另一个电子巨头认为气泡式存储器将会G4557数字控制技术产生G11464G6521的经济影G2721。G12544四G1207G5506G3800G10714器的发展逐步G3698加了程序存储G451电路板还原打印G451程序G11040G19766G451快G17907存储，参数与子程序，超大容量的G2163G14033。客户们G10628在为特种加工可G1209写G1998特殊的循环程序，越来越多的经济与G6940G10587G19394G20076被关注多于G1268统的循环。循环的G12946G11842G16757G12651易G2476的循环子程序的G12946G11842G16757G12651在G18108G2010程序中G10628在G14033被G9163G2524G2052一G17227。G5506G3800G10714器控制是一个动态G1284G12651的命令。G3252此在加工测量中，一个超差零件将要被进给，G5194G1000进G15904自动刀具G15929偿修改进G13792G17810G2052所需要的尺寸。除此之G3818，G12544四G1207G5506G3800G10714器G