[毕业设计精品]基于单片机的99马表设计

XXX毕业设计基于单片机的99马表设计班级电子512专业应用电子技术所在系机电工程系学号指导老师完成时间2008年1月22日至2008年6月20日A1A1A1A2A0A3A4A7A5A6A8A9A10A13A13A14A11A3A4A16目录A12A152A17A183A19A20A21A22A23A24A25A26A27A28A29A30A23A24A25A26A27A28A29411A31A32A33A34A35A36A374111A31A32A33A34A35A38A39412A31MCS51A32A33A34A35A40A414A42A43A44A45A46A22A23A24A25A23A24A2599A47A48A49A50A51A52A47A48A49A50A51A52821A31A53A54A55A56A57A5899A59A60A61A62821A631A64A65A66A67A68A698212A64A70A71A72A73A74A75A76A779A78A79A78A80A81A82A83A84A85A86A87A58A88A899221A64A65A66A90A9110222A64A92A93A94A9510223A64A96A97A98A90A9112224A64A99A100A101A1021223A80A53A54A55A56A57A5899A59A60A103A104A105A106A107A10813231A64A109A110A111A11213232A64A113A114A111A11215233A64A115A116A9215234A64A117A118A111A11218A119A120A121A122A123A124A125A126A127A123A124A125A126A12799A128A129A130A131A132A133A128A129A130A131A132A1332031A134A135A136A137A138A139A14099A141A142A143A144A145A14620311A147A148A149A150A151A152A15399A154A155A156A157A15820312A147A148A149A150A151A152AT89S51A15399A154A155A159A160A157A1612132A162KEILUVISION2A163A164A165A166A167A168A169A1702532A1711A147KEILA153A172A173A174A1752534A176A177A178A179PROTEUS27341A147A148A149PROTEUSA180A181A153A182A183A184A181A185A186A187A18827342A147A148A149PROTEUSA180A181A153A182A183A184A181A185A186A189A1902835A162A191A179A192A193A194A195A19628351A147PROTELDXPA197A19828352A147A199A200A158A187A188A182A183A153A201A20228353A147A203A204A205A206A207A208PCBA209A153A187A188A182A183A153A201A20230A210A211A212A213A214A215A216A217A214A215A2163141A218A219A2203142A218A221A222A223A22431A225A22632A227A228A222A22933A230A230A230A231A232A233A234A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A246摘要近年来随着科技的飞速发展，单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，同时带动传统控制检测日新月异更新。系统实用性强、操作简单、扩展性强。本文介绍了基于单片机AT89S51的99马表的设计，重点讨论了AT89S51单片机周围硬件电路的原理和软件的编程以及仿真软件对电路功能的实现。关键词单片机99马表设计实现ABSTRACTINRECENTYEARSALONGWITHSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPFAST,THEAPPLICATIONOFSINGLEFLATMACHINEISMOVINGTOWARDSTHOROUGHCONTINUOUSLY,ATTHESAMETIMEDRIVETRADITIONALCONTROLDETECTIONDAYTHEBENEFITOFNEWMOONUPDATETHESYSTEMUSABILITYISSTRONG,SIMPLICITYOFOPERATOR,EXTENDEDTHISARTICLEINTRODUCEDBASEDONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITAT89S5199STOPWATCHDESIGNS,DISCUSSEDAROUNDWITHEMPHASISAT89S51MONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITHARDWARECIRCUITSPRINCIPLEANDSOFTWARESPROGRAMMINGASWELLASTHESIMULATIONSOFTWARETOELECTRICCIRCUITFUNCTIONREALIZATIONKEYWORDSONLYFLATMACHINEA247A247A248A249A250A251A252A253A249A254A255A2A248DESIGNREALIZEA1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A18引言在单片机技术日趋G6116G10099的G1182G3837，G1866G9801G8975的硬件电路的设计和软件的设计，G16765单片机G5483G2052了G5203G8879的应用，G1972G1058G7171G1186G4579的电G4388G1147G2709，G2052G3835的G5049G1006控制，单片机G18129G17227G2052了G1042G17287G17743重的作用。单片机G4579的系统G13479G7512G1972G1058G7171G6164G7389G1867G7389G2499编程硬件的G980G1022G13565G5445，G2499G16871G7171G256G21647G19604G15441G4579，G13937G13978G1477G1852G257，单片机的G4410G1076和G11752G12362G7171对G5506机系统G4410G1076和G11752G12362的简G6475G17896G5464。本文G1025设计的基于AT89S51单片的99马表G1867G7389G1319G12227G4579，G13479G7512简单，G7143于操作G12573G10317性，G17836G1867G7389强G3835的扩展功能。G4439能G3827G12946G11842计时，G5194G1867G7389G5332G3999计时，计时G1584G8502，G9177G19658G12573功能，在G17828动G1262G990，G8785G17722G990G12573G980G1135G19668G16213计时的地G7053G3800G3800G2499G16277G4439的G10995G5445。G10317G2047G7171G2045用单片机G1582的马表，G3252G1866G7186G12046G12946G1946，G16835G5058G4579，G1227G7696G17751G1314G13792G5203G2475G8438G17826。A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A19第一章单片机的发展与应用11、单片机的发展111、单片机的概念G1427019G23G25年G12544G980G2500G6980G4395G5347电G4388计G12651机G40G49IAG38在G13666G3281G4498G3817G8873G4624G1134G3835G4410G16818G10995以来，计G12651机的发展G5062G13475G2394了G3247代，G5506型计G12651机属于G12544G3247代计G12651机。对G5506型计G12651机G13792言，如果将G38PU、存储器、I/O接口以及定时器/记G6980器集G6116在G980块芯片G990，就G6116为单片G5506型计G12651机（SUM，SINGLEG38HIPMICROCOMPUTER），简称单片机。G4439G1867G7389G1319G12227G4579、功耗G1314、G2499靠性高、抗干扰能力强、G1227G7696G1314G12573优点，被G5203G8879应用于检测和控制领域。此外，单片机在家用电器、电G4388玩G1867、语言设备、机器人G12573各G1022领域的应用也迅速发展。随着单片机在技术G990、G1319系G13479G7512G990的不断发展，G3281际G990逐渐采用G256G5506控制器（MG38U，MICROG38ONTROLLERUNIT）G257来代替G256单片G5506型计G12651机G257这G980名称，但在G3281内，由于G1076惯，我们仍沿用G256单片机G257这G980名称。12、MCS51单片机的简介51系列单片机G7171由G13666G3281INTEL公司G10995G1147的以80G3851为核心发展G17227来的各类单片机型号系列的总称。这类单片机G18129使用80G3851的G38PU内核及指令系统，且MG38S51系列G1025的8051G6116为许多半导G1319厂家。电气公司竞相选用的对象G5194以G1866为基核，推出了许多兼容性的G38HMOS单片机，且这G1135单片机G18129G1867G7389极好的兼容性，G5194G7389很强的G10995命力，统称80G3851系列MG38S51系列单片机G1147G2709G73898051，8031，8751，80G3851，80G3831G12573型号（前三种为G38MOS芯片，后两种为G38HMOS芯片）。G4439们的G13479G7512基本相同，G1866主G16213G5058G2047反映在存储器的配置G990。8051内部设G7389G23KG4395节的掩模ROM程序存储器，8031片内没G7389程序存储器，G137928751G7171将8051片内的ROM换G6116G40PROM。由ATMG40L公司G10995G1147的89G3851将G40PROM改G6116了G23K的闪速存储器，他们的G13479G7512G3835同G4579异。MG38S51单A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A20片机内部G13479G75128051G7171MG38S51系列单片机的典型G1147G2709，我们以这G980代表性的机型进行系统的讲解。下图G7171MG38S51系列单片机的内部G13479G7512G12046G5859。8051单片机G2265G2559G1025G3842G3800理器、程序存储器G11ROMG12、G6980G6466存储器G11RAMG12、定时/计G6980器、G5194行接口、G1030行接口和G1025断系统G12573G1972G3835单G1815及G6980G6466总G13459、地G3348总G13459和控制总G13459G12573三G3835总G13459，现在我们G2010G2047G2164以G16840G7138G726A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A211）G1025G3842G3800理器（G38PU）G726G1025G3842G3800理器G11G38PUG12G7171G6984G1022单片机的核心部件，G71718G1313G6980G6466G4497G5242的G3800理器，能G3800理8G1313G1120进制G6980G6466G6122代G11733，G38PUG17139G17143控制、指G6393和G16855G5242G6984G1022单G1815系统G2339G16855的G5049作，G4448G6116G17828G12651和控制G17767入G17767出功能G12573操作。G21）G6980G6466存储器G11RAMG12G7268051内部G73891G218G10228G1313用G6155G6980G6466存储单G1815和1G218G1022G999用G4504存器单G1815，G4439们G7171统G980编G3348的，G999用G4504存器G2494能用于存G6930控制指令G6980G6466，用G6155G2494能G16787G19394，G13792不能用于存G6930用G6155G6980G6466，G6164以，用G6155能使用的RAMG2494G73891G218G1022，G2499存G6930G16847G1901的G6980G6466，G17828G12651的G1025G19400G13479果G6122用G6155定G1053的G4395型表。3）程序存储器G11ROMG12G7268051G1861G7389G2309G25G10228G1313掩G14192ROM，用于存G6930用G6155程序，原G3999G6980G6466G6122表G7696。G23）定时/计G6980器G11ROMG12G7268051G7389两G10221G25G1313的G2499编程定时/计G6980器，以实现定时G6122计G6980G1147G10995G1025断用于控制程序G17728向。5）G5194行G17767入G17767出G11I/OG12口G7268051G1861G7389G23G134648G1313I/O口G11P0、P1、PG21G6122P3G12，用于对外部G6980G6466的传G17767。G25）G1852G2464G5049G1030行口G7268051内置G980G1022G1852G2464G5049G1030行G17902G1461口，用于G994G1866G4439设备G19400的G1030行G6980G6466传G17877，G16825G1030行口G7094G2499以用作异G8505G17902G1461G6922发器，也G2499以G5415同G8505G12239G1313器使用。7）G1025断系统G7268051G1867备G17751G4448G2904的G1025断功能，G7389两G1022外G1025断、两G1022定时/计G6980器G1025断和G980G1022G1030行G1025断，G2499G9397G17287不同的控制G16213G8726，G5194G1867G7389G21G13435的优G1820G13435G2047选G6333。TG38OG49的G1025断G7643G5547G726G1313号7G255G233G2110G4395节地G3348G72688HIT0G726外部G1025断IG49T0G16314发G7053G5347控制G1313。IG400G726外部G1025断IG49T0G1025断G16843G8726G7643G5547G1313。IG400G321时，表G12046IG49TO向G38PUG16843G8726G1025断。TG411TR1TG410TR0IG401IT1IG400TT0A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A22IT1G726外部G1025断IG49T1G16314发G7053G5347控制G1313。IG401G726外部G1025断IG49T1G1025断G16843G8726G7643G5547G1313。IG400G321时，表G12046IG49T1向G38PUG16843G8726G1025断。TG410G726定时/计G6980器T0G11422出G1025断G16843G8726G7643G5547G1313。在T0G2563动后就G5332G3999由出G1552G21641记G6980，G11464G14279G7380高G1313G1147G10995G11422出由硬件置G1313TG410，向G38PUG2721应G1025断。G38PUG2721应G1025断时，TG410由硬件G14270动G91770。TG411G726定时/计G6980器T1G11422出G1025断G16843G8726G7643G5547G1313。G1025断G1813许控制G726G38PU对G1025断系统G6164G7389G1025断以及G7588G1022G1025断G9316的G5332G6930和G4643G15121G7171由G1025断G1813许G4504存器IG40控制的。IG40的G10378G5589G2499G17902G17819程序由软件设定。G7588G1313设定为1，相应的G1025断G9316G1813许G727G7588G1313设定为0，相应的G1025断G9316G4643G15121。G38PUG3809为时，IG40各G1313G91770，G12117G8502G6164G7389G1025断。IG40G4504存器G726G1313号7G255G233G2110G4395节地G3348G726A8HG40G590G726外部IG49T0G1025断G1813许G1313。G40T0G726定时/计G6980器T0G1025断G1813许G1313。G40G591G726外部IG49T1G1025断G1813许G1313。G40T1G726定时/计G6980器T0G1025断G1813许G1313。G40SG726G1030行口G1025断G1813许G1313。G40AG726G38PUG1025断G1813许（总G1813许）G1313。G40AG40SG40T1G40G591G40T0G40G590A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A23第二章基于单片机的99马表硬件系统21、基于单片机的99马表原理211、主要功能1）G5332G3999时，G7186G12046G25600G257，G125441G8437G6365下SP1后就G5332G3999计时。G21）G12544G21G8437G6365SP1后，计时G1584G8502。3）G125443G8437G6365SP1后，计时G5414G19658。A12A4A5A6A7A17A8A9A247A10A11A13A14A247A247A24A15A26A16A25A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A241212、系统板上硬件连线1）G6238G256单片机系统G257G2318域G1025的P10/AD0G713P17/AD7G12483口G2010G2047用导G17842接G2052LG40DG6980G11733G7186G12046器UG21的AG713HG12483口G990G727G16213G8726G726P10/AD0对应着A，P11/AD1对应着B，G258G258，P17/AD7对应着H。G21）G6238G256单片机系统G257G2318域G1025的PG210/A8G713PG217/A15G12483口G2010G2047用导G17842接G2052LG40DG6980G11733G7186G12046器U1的AG713HG12483口G990G727G16213G8726G726PG210/A8对应着A，PG211/A9对应着B，G258G258，PG217/A15对应着H。3）G6238G256单片机系统G256G2318域G1025的P35/T1用导G13459G17842接G2052G257G10432G12447G5347G19202G11436G256G2318域G1025的SP1G12483口G990G72722、AT89S51的介绍AT89S51G7171G980种带G23KG4395节闪G9877G2499编程G2499G6842G19512G2494G16847存储器（G41PG40ROMG252G41ALSHPROGRAMMABLEANDG40RASABLEREADONLYMEMORY）的G1314电G2399，高性能G38MOS8G1313G5506G3800理器，G1451称单片机。G16825器件采用ATMG40L高G4506G5242G19762G7143G3845存储器制G17908技术制G17908，G994G5049G1006G7643G1946的MG38S51指令集和G17767出G12661G14062相兼容。由于将多功能8G1313G38PU和闪G9877存储器G13464G2524在单G1022芯片G1025，ATMG40L的AT89G3851G7171G980种高G6940G5506控制器，为很多G4896入G5347控制系统G6564G1391了G980种G9801G8975性高且G1227G5277的G7053G7708。如下图G726AT89S51G5353G14062图A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A27A28221、主要特性1G12G994MG38S51兼容G21G12G23KG4395节G2499编程闪G9877存储器3G12G4563命G7261000G1901/G6842G5502G10627G23G12G6980G6466G1457G11053时G19400G72610年5G12G1852G19757G5589G5049作G7260HZG21G23HZG25G12三G13435程序存储器锁定7G121G2188G1313内部RAM8G123G21G2499编程I/OG134599G12两G10221G25G1313定时器/计G6980器10G125G1022G1025断G931611G12G2499编程G1030行G17902道1G21G12G1314功耗的闲置和掉电模G534713）片内振荡器和时钟电路222、管脚说明VG38G38G726G1391电电G2399。GG49DG726接地。P0口G726P0口为G980G10228G1313漏G13435G5332路G2464向I/O口，每G14062G2499吸G69228TTL门电流。G5415P1口的G12661G14062G12544G980G8437G19011时，被定G1053为高阻G17767入。P0能G3827用于外部程序G6980G6466存储器，G4439G2499以被定G1053为G6980G6466/地G3348的G12544八G1313。在G41IASH编程时，P0口作为原G11733G17767入口，G5415G41IASH进行校验时，P0G17767出原G11733，此时P0外部必须被拉高。P1口G726P1口G7171G980G1022内部G6564G1391G990拉电阻的8G1313G2464向I/O口，P1口缓冲器能接A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A43G6922G17767出G23TTL门电流。P1口G12661G14062G1901入1后，被内部G990拉为高，G2499用作G17767入，P1口被外部下拉为G1314电平时，将G17767出电流，这G7171由于内部G990拉的缘故。在G41LASH编程和校验时，P1口作为G12544八G1313地G3348接G6922。PG21口G726PG21口为G980G1022内部G990拉电阻的8G1313G2464向I/O口，PG21口缓冲器G2499接G6922，G17767出G23G1022TTL门电流，G5415PG21口被G1901G2561G257时，G1866G12661G14062被内部G990拉电阻拉高，且作为G17767入。G5194G3252此作为G17767入时，PG21口的G12661G14062被外部拉G1314，将G17767出电流。这G7171由于内部G990拉的缘故。PG21口G5415用于外部程序存储器G61221G25G1313地G3348外部G6980G6466存储器进行存取时，PG21口G17767出地G3348的高八G1313。在给出地G3348G2561G257时，G4439G2045用内部G990拉优势，G5415对外部八G1313地G3348G6980G6466存储器进行G16847G1901时，PG21口G17767出G1866G10317殊功能G4504存器的内容。PG21口在G41LASH编程和校验时接G6922高八G1313地G3348G1461号和控制G1461号。P3口G726P3口G12661G14062G71718G1022带内部G990拉电阻的G2464向I/O口，G2499接G6922G17767出G23G1022TTL门电流。G5415P3口G1901入G2561G257后，G4439们被内部G990拉为高电平，G5194用作G17767入。作为G17767入，由于外部下拉为G1314电平，P3口将G17767出电流（ILL）这G7171由于G990拉的缘故。P3口也G2499作为AT89G3851的G980G1135G10317殊功能口，如下G6164G12046G726P3口G12661G14062备选功能G7261）P30RG59D（G1030行G17767入口）G21）P31TG59D（G1030行G17767出口）3）P3G21/IG49T0（外部G1025断0）G23）P33/IG49T1（外部G1025断1）5）P3G23T0（记时器0外部G17767入）G25）P35T1（记时器1外部G17767入）7）P3G25/WR（外部G6980G6466存储器G1901选G17902）8）P37/RD（外部G6980G6466存储器G16847选G17902）9）P3口同时为闪G9877编程和编程校验接G6922G980G1135控制G1461号。RSTG726G3809G1313G17767入。G5415振荡器G3809G1313器件时，G16213G1457持RSTG14062两G1022机器周期的高电A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A44平时G19400。ALG40/PROGG726G5415G16787G19394外部存储器时，地G3348锁存G1813许的G17767出电平用于锁存地G3348的地G1313G4395节。在G41LASH编程期G19400，此G5353G14062用于G17767入编程脉冲。在平时，ALG40G12483以不变的频率周期G17767出正脉冲G1461号，此频率为振荡器频率的1/G25。G3252此G4439G2499用作对外部G17767出的脉冲G6122用于定时目的。然G13792G16213注G5859的G7171G726每G5415用作外部G6980G6466存储器时，将跳G17819G980G1022ALG40脉冲。如想G12117G8502ALG40的G17767出G2499在SG41R8G40H地G3348G990置0。此时，ALG40G2494G7389在执行MOVG59，MOVG38指令G7171ALG40才G17227作用。另外，G16825G5353G14062被略G5506拉高。如果G5506G3800理器在外部执行G10378G5589ALG40G12117G8502，置G1313无G6940。PSG40G49G726外部程序存储器的选G17902G1461号。在由外部程序存储器取指期G19400，每G1022机器周期两G8437/PSG40G49G7389G6940。但在G16787G19394外部G6980G6466存储器时，这两G8437G7389G6940的/PSG40G49G1461号将不出现。G40A/VPPG726G5415G40AG1457持G1314电平时，则在此期G19400外部程序存储器（0000HG41G41G41G41H），不G12661G7171否G7389内部程序存储器。注G5859G2164G4506G7053G53471时，G40A将内部锁定为RG40SG40TG727G5415G40AG12483G1457持高电平时，此G19400内部程序存储器。在G41LASH编程期G19400，此G5353G14062也用于施G21641G21V编程电G9316（VPP）。G59TAL1G726反向振荡G6930G3835器的G17767入及内部时钟G5049作电路的G17767入。G59TALG21G726来G14270反向振荡器的G17767出。223、振荡器特性G59TAL1和G59TALG21G2010G2047为反向G6930G3835器的G17767入和G17767出。G16825反向G6930G3835器G2499以配置为片内振荡器。石晶振荡和陶瓷振荡均G2499采用。如采用外部时钟G9316驱动器件，G59TALG21应不接。G7389余G17767入G14279内部时钟G1461号G16213G17902G17819G980G1022G1120G2010频G16314发器，G3252此对外部时钟G1461号的脉G4497无任何G16213G8726，但必须G1457证脉冲的高G1314电平G16213G8726的G4497G5242。224、芯片擦除G6984G1022PG40ROM阵列和三G1022锁定G1313的电G6842G19512G2499G17902G17819正G11842的控制G1461号G13464G2524，G5194G1457持ALG40G12661G14062G3800于G1314电平10MS来G4448G6116。在芯片G6842操作G1025，代G11733阵列G1852被G1901G2561G257且在A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A45任何G19762空存储G4395节被重G3809编程以前，G16825操作必须被执行。此外，AT89S51设G7389稳G5589逻辑，G2499以在G1314G2052G19658频率的条件下G19757G5589逻辑，支持两种软件G2499选的掉电模G5347。在闲置模G5347下，G38PUG1584G8502G5049作。但RAM，定时器，计G6980器，G1030口和G1025断系统仍在G5049作。在掉电模G5347下，G1457存RAM的内容G5194且冻G13479振荡器，G12117G8502G6164用G1866他芯片功能，G11464G2052下G980G1022硬件G3809G1313为G8502。23、基于单片机的99马表外围电路设计231、复位电路系统G3809G1313G7171任何G5506机系统的G12544G980G8505，G4439能使G6984G1022控制芯片回G2052默认的硬件初G3999G10378G5589下。G3809G1313对单片机来G16840，就G7171回G2052初G3999G10378G5589，程序计G6980器赋G15520000H，为程序G17828行G1582好贮备G5049作。1）G3809G1313的实现G5415在单片机的RSTG5353G14062G990G2164G990高电平G5194G1457持两G1022机器周期（G21G23G1022G3999终震荡周期），就G2499以G4448G6116G3809G1313操作。为了达G2052这G1022G16213G8726，G2499以使用很多G7053G8873，这里G6564G1391G980种G7053G8873参考，G1866电路图G6164G12046。A46A47A48A49这种G3809G1313电路的G5049作原理G7171G726G17902电时，电容两段相G5415于G7171短路，于G7171RSTG5353G14062G990为高电平，然后电G9316G17902G17819电阻对电容充电，RSTG12483电G2399慢慢下降，G13475G17819G980段时G19400，达G2052G1314电平，单片机G5332G3999正常G5049作。A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A50根G6466实际操作的G13475验，图1G21G1025G3809G1313电路的电容、电阻参考G1552G2010G2047为G38G3210UG41，R1G321K，RG21G3210K。G21G12单片机G3809G1313后的G10378G5589单片机的G3809G1313操作使单片机进入初G3999化G10378G5589。51单片机在系统G3809G1313时，将G1866内部的G980G1135重G16213G4504存设置为G10317定的G1552，G1866G1025G2265括使程序计G6980器PG38为0000H，程序G11860000H地G3348单G1815G5332G3999执行G727G211G1022G10317殊功能G4504存器G3809G1313后的G10378G5589为G11842定G1552G727P0、P1、PG21、P3口G17767出高电平G727G17828行G1025的G3809G1313操作不改变内部RAM的G6980G6466，重新G990电时片内RAM则为随机G1552，如表G6164G12046。G211G1022G10317殊功能G4504存器G3809G1313后的G10378G5589G10317殊功能G4504存器初G3999G10378G5589G10317殊功能G4504存器初G3999G10378G5589A00HTMOD00HB00HTG38OG4900HPSW00HTH000HSP07HTL000HDPL00HTH100HDPH00HTL100HP0G252P3G41G41HSBUG41不定IP00000BSG38OG4900HIG40000000BPG38OG490PSWG3200HG726表G7138选G12227存器0G13464为G5049作G4504存G13464。SPG3207HG726表G7138堆栈指针指向片内RAM07HG4395节单G1815。P0G252P3G32G41G41HG726表G7138G5062向各G12483口G13459G1901入1，此时，各G12483口G7094G2499用于G17767入用G2499用于G17767出。IPG32G59G59G5900000BG726表G7138各G1022G1025断G9316G3800于G1314优G1820G13435IG40G320G59G5900000BG726表G7138各G1022G1025断均被关断。A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A51RSTG5353G14062的G12544G1120功能G7171作为备用电G9316的G17767入G12483，G5415主电G9316发G10995故障、电G2399G1552降G1314G2052规定的G1314电平时，5V电G9316G14270动接入RSTG12483，作为备用电G9316为系统G1391电，G1457证G3809G1313后能继续正常G17828行。232、时钟电路AT89G3851片内设G7389G980G1022由反向G6930G3835器G6164G7512G6116的振荡电路，G59TAL1和G59TALG21G2010G2047为振荡电路的G17767入和G17767出G12483，时钟G2499以由内部G7053G5347G1147G10995G6122外部G7053G5347G1147G10995。内部G7053G5347时钟电路如图G215G6164G12046。在G59TAL1和G59TALG21G5353G14062G990外接定时G1815件，内部振荡电路就G1147G10995G14270激振荡。定时G1815件G17902常采用石英晶G1319和电容G13464G6116的G5194联谐振回路。晶振G2499以在1G21MHZG20521G21MHZ之G19400选G6333，电容G1552在530PG41之G19400选G6333，电容的G3835G4579G2499G17227频率G5506G16855作用。A48A52A43A53A54A48A52A44A55A56A57A58A59A60A48A49外部G7053G5347的时钟很少用，若G16213用时，G2494G16213将G59TAL1接地，G59TALG21接外部振荡器就行。对外部振荡G1461号无G10317殊G16213G8726，G2494G16213G1457证脉冲G4497G5242，G980般采用频率G1314于1G21MHZ的G7053波G1461号。时钟发G10995器G6238振荡频率两G2010频，G1147G10995G980G1022两相时钟G1461号P1和PG21G1391单片机使用。P1在每G980G1022G10378G5589S的前半部G2010G7389G6940，PG21在每G1022G10378G5589的后半部G2010G7389G6940。233、数码管在G6980G4395G19668G16213用G6980G4395器件将G6980G4395、文G4395和符号G11464观地G7186G12046出来。能G3827用来G11464观G7186G12046G6980G4395、文G4395和符号的器件称为G7186G12046器。G6980G4395G12661器件的种类很多，G6365G7186G12046G7053G5347的不同，G2499G2010为G4395形重迭G5347、G2010段G5347样、点阵G5347G727G6365发光材料不同G2499G2010为荧光G12661A29A61A62A63A43A29A61A62A63A44A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A64G7186G12046器、半导G1319发光G1120极G12661G7186G12046器（LG40D）和液晶G7186G12046器（LG38D）G12573。本设计G17828用的G7171LG40DG6980G11733G12661。LG40DG6980G11733G7186G12046器G7171G980种由LG40D发光G1120极G12661G13464G2524G7186G12046G4395符的G7186G12046器件。G4439使用了8G1022LG40D发光G1120极G12661，G1866G10257G1022用于G7186G12046G4395符，1G1022用于G7186G12046G4579G6980点。LG40DG6980G11733G7186G12046器G7389两种G17842接G7053G8873G7261）G1861G19464极接G8873G726G6238发光G1120极G12661的G19463极G17842在G980G17227G7512G6116公G1861G19464极，使用时公G1861G19464极接地，每G1022发光G1120极G12661的G19463极G17902G17819电阻G994G17767入G12483相G17842。G5415G19463极G12483G17767入G1314电平时，发光G1120极G12661就导G17902点G1154，G13792G17767入高电平时则不点G1154。A65A66A67A68A69A70G21）G1861G19463极接G8873G726G6238发光G1120极G12661的G19463极G17842在G980G17227G7512G6116公G1861G19463极，使用时公G1861G19463极接地。每G1022发光G1120极G12661的G19464极G17902G17819电阻G994G17767入G12483相G17842。G5415G19464极G12483G17767入高电平时，发光G1120极G12661就导G17902点G1154，G13792G17767入G1314电平时则不点G1154。A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A71A65A72A67A69A73A70LG40DG7186G12046器的G10317点G7171G9177G7236G5754目G933G5049作电G2399G1314G1115G7943VG12G933G1319G12227G4579G933G4563G19766G19283G933G2721应速G