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第一篇CAPTAINCOOKARROWLEGEND库克船长箭传说ITWASAGREATLEGENDWHILEITLASTED,BUTDNATESTINGHAS1FINALLYENDEDATWOCENTURYOLDSTORYOFTHEHAWAIIANARROWCARVEDFROMTHEBONEOFBRITISHEXPLORERCAPTAINJAMESCOOK2WHODIEDINTHESANDWICHISLANDSIN1779“THEREIS3NOCOOKINTHEAUSTRALIANMUSEUM,MUSEUMCOLLECTIONMANAGERJUDEPHILIPSAIDNOTLONGAGOINANNOUNCINGTHEDNAEVIDENCETHATTHEARROWWASNOTMADEOFCOOKSBONEBUTTHATWILLNOTSTOPTHEMUSEUMFROMCONTINUINGTODISPLAYTHEARROWINITS4EXHIBITION,“UNCOVEREDTREASURESOFTHEAUSTRALIANMUSEUM,”WHICH5DOESINCLUDEAFEATHERCAPEPRESENTEDTOCOOKBYHAWAIIANKINGKALANIOPUUIN1778COOKWASONEOFBRITAINSGREATEXPLORERSANDISCREDITEDWITH6DISCOVERINGTHE“GREATSOUTHLAND,“7NOWAUSTRALIA,IN1770HEWASCLUBBEDTODEATHINTHESANDWICHISLANDS,NOWHAWAIITHE1EGENDOFCOOKSARROWBEGANIN18248WHENHAWAIIANKINGKAMEHAMEHAONHISDEATHBEDGAVETHEARROWTOWILLIAMADAMS,ALONDONSURGEONANDRELATIVEOFCOOKSWIFE,SAYINGITWASMADEOFCOOKSBONEAFTERTHEFATAL9FIGHTWITHISLANDERSINTHE1890STHEARROWWASGIVENTOTHEAUSTRALIANMUSEUMANDTHELEGENDCONTINUED10UNTILITCAMEFACETOFACEWITHSCIENCEDNATESTINGBYLABORATORIESINAUSTRALIAANDNEWZEALANDREVEALEDTHEARROWWASNOTMADEOFCOOKSBONEBUTWASMORE11LIKELYMADEOFANIMALBONE。SAIDPHILPHOWEVER,COOKSFANS12REFUSETOGIVEUPHOPETHATONECOOKLEGENDWILLPROVETRUEANDTHATPARTOFHISREMAINSWILLSTILLBEUNCOVEREDASTHEYSAYTHEREISEVIDENCENOTA11OFCOOKSBODYWAS13BURIEDATSEAIN1779“ONTHISOCCASIONTECHNOLOGYHASWON“,”SAIDCLIFFTHORNTON,PRESIDENTOFTHECAPTAINCOOKSOCIETY,INA14STATEMENTFROMBRITAIN“BUTIAM15SURETHATONEOFTHESEDAYSONEOFTHECOOKLEGENDSWILLPROVETOBETRUEANDITWILLHAPPENONEDAY第二篇AVALANCHEANDITSSAFETY雪崩和它的安全ANAVALANCHEISASUDDENANDRAPIDFLOWOFSNOW,OFTENMIXEDWITHAIRANDWATER,DOWNAMOUNTAINSIDEAVALANCHESARE1AMONGTHEBIGGESTDANGERSINTHEMOUNTAINSFORBOTHLIFEANDPROPERTYALLAVALANCHESARECAUSEDBYANOVERBURDENOFMATERIAL,TYPICALLYSNOWPACK,THATISTOOMASSIVEANDUNSTABLEFORTHESLOPE2THATSUPPORTSITDETERMININGTHECRITICALLOAD,THEAMOUNTOFOVERBURDENWHICHIS3LIKELYTOCAUSEANAVALANCHE,4ISACOMPLEXTASKINVOLVINGTHEEVALUATIONOFANUMBEROFFACTORSTERRAINSLOPESFLATTERTHAN25DEGREESORSTEEPERTHAN60DEGREESTYPICALLYHAVEALOW5RISKOFAVALANCHESNOWDOESNOT6GATHERSIGNIFICANTLYONSTEEPSLOPESALSO,SNOWDOESNOT7FLOWEASILYONFLATSLOPESHUMANTRIGGEREDAVALANCHESHAVETHEGREATESTINCIDENCEWHENTHESNOWSANGLEOFRESTIS8BETWEEN35AND45DEGREESTHECRITICALANGLE,THEANGLEATWHICHTHEHUMANINCIDENCEOFAVALANCHESISGREATEST,IS38DEGREESTHERULEOFTHUMBISASLOPETHATIS9FLATENOUGHTOHOLDSNOWBUTSTEEPENOUGHTOSKIHASTHEPOTENTIALTOGENERATEANAVALANCHE,REGARDLESSOFTHEANGLEADDITIONALLY,AVALANCHERISKINCREASESWITH10USETHATIS,THEMOREASLOPEISDISTURBEDBYSKIERS,THEMORELIKELYITISTHATANAVALANCHEWILLOCCURDUETOTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHESUBJECT,WINTERTRAVELLINGINTHEBACKCOUNTRYISNEVER100SAFEGOODAVALANCHESAFETYISACONTINUOUS11PROCESS,INCLUDINGROUTESELECTIONANDEXAMINATIONOFTHESNOWPACK,WEATHER12CONDITIONS,ANDHUMANFACTORSSEVERALWELLKNOWNGOODHABITSCANALSO13REDUCETHERISKIFLOCALAUTHORITIESISSUEAVALANCHERISKREPORTS,THEYSHOULDBECONSIDEREDANDALLWARNINGSSHOULDBEPAID14ATTENTIONTONEVERFOLLOWINTHETRACKSOFOTHERSWITHOUTYOUROWNEVALUATIONSSNOWCONDITIONSAREALMOSTCERTAINTOHAVECHANGEDSINCETHEYWEREMADEOBSERVETHETERRAINANDNOTEOBVIOUSAVALANCHEPATHSWHEREPLANTSARE(15)MISSINGORDAMAGEDAVOIDTRAVELINGBELOWOTHERSWHOMIGHTTRIGGERANAVALANCHE第三篇GIANTSTRUCTURES巨型建筑ITISANIMPOSSIBLETASKTOSELECTTHEMOSTAMAZINGWONDERSOFTHEMODEMWORLDSINCEEVERYYEARMOREWONDERFUL_CONSTRUCTIONSAPPEARHEREARETHREEGIANTSTRUCTURESWHICHAREWORTHYOFOURADMIRATIONALTHOUGHTHEYMAYHAVEBEENSURPASSEDBYSOMEMORERECENTWONDERSTHEPETRONASTWINTOWERSTHEPETRONASTOWERSWERETHETALLESTBUILDINGSINTHEWORLDWHENTHEYWERECOMPLETEDIN1999WITHAHEIGHTOF452METRES,THETALLTWINTOWERS,LIKETWOTHINPENCILS,DOMINATETHECITYOFKUALALUMPURATTHE41STFLOOR,THETOWERSARELINKEDBYABRIDGE,SYMBOLIZINGAGATEWAYTOTHECITYTHEAMERICANARCHITECTCESARPELLIDESIGNEDTHESKYSCRAPERSCONSTRUCTEDOFHIGHSTRENGTHCONCRETE,THEBUILDINGPROVIDESAROUND1,800SQUAREMETRESOFOFFICESPACEONEVERYFLOORANDITHASASHOPPINGCENTREANDACONCERTHALLATTHEBASEOTHERFEATURESOFTHISIMPRESSIVEBUILDINGINCLUDEDOUBLEDECKERLIFTS,ANDGLASSANDSTEELSUNSHADESTHEMIUAUBRIDGETHEMILLAUBRIDGEWASOPENEDIN2004INTHETAMVALLEY,INSOUTHERNFRANCEAT_THETIMEITWASBUILT,ITWASTHEWORLDSHIGHESTBRIDGE,REACHING_OVER340MATTHEHIGHESTPOINTTHEBRIDGEISDESCRIBEDASONEOFTHEMOSTAMAZINGLYBEAUTIFULBRIDGESINTHEWORLDITWASBUILTTORELIEVEMILLAUSCONGESTIONPROBLEMSTHECONGESTIONWASTHENCAUSEDBYTRAFFICPASSINGFROMPARISTOBARCELONAINSPAINTHEBRIDGEWASBUILTTOWITHSTANDTHEMOST_EXTREMESEISMICANDCLIMATICCONDITIONSBESIDES,ITISGUARANTEEDFOR120YEARSTHEITAIPUDAMTHEITAIPUHYDROELECTRICPOWERPLANTISONEOFTHELARGESTCONSTRUCTIONSOFITSKINDINTHEWORLDITCONSISTSOFASERIESOFDAMSACROSSTHERIVERPARANA,WHICHFORMSANATURALBORDERBETWEENBRAZILANDPARAGUAYSTARTEDIN1975ANDTAKING16YEARSTOCOMPLETE,THECONSTRUCTIONWASCARRIEDOUTASAJOINTPROJECTBETWEENTHETWOCOUNTRIESTHEDAMISWELLKNOWNFORBOTHITSELECTRICITYOUTPUTANDITSSIZEIN1995ITPRODUCED78OFPARAGUAYSAND25OFBRAZILSENERGYNEEDSINITSCONSTRUCTION,THEAMOUNTOFIRONANDSTEELUSEDWASEQUIVALENTTOOVER300EIFFELTOWERSITISATRULY_AMAZINGWONDEROFENGINEERING第四篇ANIMALS“SIXTHSENSE”动物的“第六个感觉ATSUNAMIWASTRIGGEREDBYANEARTHQUAKEINTHEINDIANOCEANINDECEMBER,2004ITKILLEDTENSOFTHOUSA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