新编大学英语第一册第9课-final答案

UNIT9HOLIDAYSANDSPECIALDAYSUSEFULINFORMATIONHOLIDAYSARESPECIALTIMESOFRESPITEFROMWORKANDOTHERROUTINESINSOMECASES,THEYARELEGALHOLIDAYSWHENSTORES,BUSINESSESANDGOVERNMENTOFFICESAREOFFICIALLYCLOSEDINOTHERCASES,THEYARECELEBRATEDWITHOUTTAKINGTIMEOFFFROMWORKHOLIDAYSAREOFTENTIMESFORCELEBRATION,REVELRY,EATING,DRINKING,TRAVEL,ANDFAMILYGATHERINGS,BUTTHEYMAYALSOBETIMESOFRESTANDREFLECTIONTHECURRENTTRENDISAWAYFROMRESTANDREFLECTIONEVENMARDIGRAS大斋首日的前一天，直译为“油腻的星期二”,THEDAYBEFORETHETRADITIONALLYREFLECTIVEPERIODOFLENT大斋期,HASTURNEDINTOANENTIREWEEKOFPARTIES,PARADES,ANDMERRYMAKINGFORTHOSEWHOMAKETHEANNUALPILGRIMAGETONEWORLEANS,FOREXAMPLEINMOSTCULTURESTHESCHEDULINGOFHOLIDAYSORIGINALLYWASRELATEDTOTHESEASONS,THELUNARCYCLE,ANDRELIGIONCHRISTMASDECEMBER25CELEBRATESTHEBIRTHOFJESUS,BUTITISNOTACTUALLYKNOWNWHENJESUSWASBORNTHEFIRSTROMANEMPERORTOESPOUSECHRISTIANITYDECIDEDTOHAVECHRISTMASWHENTHEDAYSARESHORTESTTOBRINGASPIRITOFOPTIMISMTOTHELONGWINTERMONTHSITALSOHELPEDBRINGCHRISTIANITYTOTHEPAGANS,WHOWEREACCUSTOMEDTOHAVINGFESTIVALSATTHEWINTERSOLSTICE,ENCOURAGINGWARMTHANDSUNSHINETORETURNOVERTHEYEARSCHRISTMASHASCOMETOSYMBOLIZEGOODWILLANDGENEROSITYFORBOTHCHRISTIANSANDNONCHRISTIANSTHROUGHTHEPERSONIFICATIONOFSANTACLAUS,ORIGINALLYACHRISTIANSAINT,KNOWNASSTNICHOLASNOWADAYSRUDOLPHTHEREDNOSEDREINDEERISALMOSTASIMPORTANTAGLOBALSYMBOLOFCHRISTMASASJESUSORSANTAANDTHECOMMERCIALIZATIONOFCHRISTMASFORSOMEPEOPLETHREATENSTOREPLACEGENEROSITYWITHGREEDFEWPEOPLEREMEMBERTHATTHEORIGINALCHRISTMASGIFTSWEREGIVENWITHGENEROSITYANDHUMILITYBYTHETHREEWISEMEN,ALLPAGANS,TOJESUS,AJEWISHCHILDBORNINAMANGER马槽ALLTHEYTHINKOFARETHEGIFTSTHEYWILLGIVEORRECEIVE,ANDALLTHEMONEYTHEYHAVESPENTONEREASONFORTHEINCREASINGPOPULARITYOFCHRISTMASISITSPROXIMITYTONEWYEARSDAY,PERMITTINGALONGHOLIDAYTOEVOLVEOUTOFBOTHINTHEUSTHEHOLIDAYHASTURNEDINTOANEXTENDEDHOLIDAYSEASON,LASTINGFROMTHANKSGIVINGDAYINLATENOVEMBERUNTILNEWYEARSDAY,WITHASEEMINGLYENDLESSARRAYOFPARTIES,DINNERS,CONCERTS,PARADES,ANDVACATIONTRIPSTHESCHOOLSANDCOLLEGESARECLOSEDFROMMIDDECEMBERTHROUGHEARLYJANUARYWHENMANYPEOPLEEATTOOMUCH,DRINKTOOMUCH,ANDWATCHTOOMUCHAMERICANFOOTBALLONTVMANYGIFTS,CARDS,ANDANNUALLETTERSAREEXCHANGED,ANDTHEVARIOUSFESTIVITIESARENOTALWAYSVERYRESTFULTHENTHESAMEPEOPLEMAKENEWYEARSRESOLUTIONSTOEATLESS,DRINKLESS,SPENDLESS,ANDWORKHARDERINTHECOMINGYEARCHRISTMASISBYFARTHEMOSTIMPORTANTHOLIDAYINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESOTHERIMPORTANTHOLIDAYSINADDITIONTOTHANKSGIVINGANDNEWYEARSDAYAREVALENTINESDAY,STPATRICKSDAY,APRILFOOLSDAY,ANDEASTERONVALENTINESDAY,CELEBRATEDONFEBRUARY14,PEOPLEGIVECARDS,CHOCOLATES,FLOWERS,ANDKISSESTOTHEIRSPOUSESANDSWEETHEARTSONSTPATRICKSDAY,MARCH17,PEOPLEWEARGREENTOCELEBRATETHELUCKOFTHEIRISH,ANDEATCORNEDBEEFANDCABBAGE,ANDMAYDRINKGREENBEERDURINGEASTERWEEKINLATEMARCHOREARLYAPRIL,CHRISTIANSREMEMBERTHEDEATHANDRESURRECTIONOFJESUSWHILEJEWSCELEBRATEPASSOVER,INMEMORYOFTHEESCAPEOFTHEJEWSFROMANCIENTEGYPT,WHERETHEYHADBEENSLAVESALTHOUGHITISNOTACTUALLYAHOLIDAYANDHASNORELIGIOUSCONNOTATION,APRILFOOLSDAY,CELEBRATEDONAPRIL1,ISADAYWHENPEOPLEPLAYEMBARRASSINGTRICKSONTHEIRFRIENDSANDCOLLEAGUESANDEVENONTHEIRTEACHERSANOTHERHOLIDAYWITHSOMESIMILARITYTOAPRILFOOLSDAYISHALLOWEENONOCTOBER31,WHENCHILDRENWEARFUNNYORSCARYCOSTUMESANDASKTHEIRNEIGHBORSFOR“TRICKSORTREATS”THENAMEHALLOWEENMEANS“HALLOWEDEVENING”,THENIGHTBEFOREALLSAINTSDAYWHENCHRISTIANSAINTSAREHONOREDONTHEFOLLOWINGDAY,ALLSOULSDAY,SERVICESANDPRAYERSARESAIDFORTHEDEADINMANYCOUNTRIES,ITISADAYWHENFAMILIESVISITCEMETERIESANDPLACEFLOWERSONTHETOMBSOFTHEIRRELATIVESINEUROPE,LABORDAYISCELEBRATEDONMAY1,WHEREASINCANADAANDTHEUNITEDSTATES,LABORANDLABORERSAREHONOREDBYALEGALHOLIDAYONTHEFIRSTMONDAYINSEPTEMBERPARTONEPREPARATION1HOLIDAYWORDS（教师用书第四次印刷版本的答案图中1）竖行第12行的CANDY一词多圈了个A。2）向右上斜的SANTA少圈了个A第一次印刷版本的答案图中竖行第12行的CANDY一词多圈了个A。）THEMESSAGEISSEASONSGREETINGSTOFIRSTYEARSTUDENTS2READINGARHYME1ITMIGHTBEACHILDWHOISBETWEEN712YEARSOLDWHENHE/SHEISLOSINGHIS/HERBABYTEETH2MAKINGAWISH3SAMPLESIWISHALLDREAMSWOULDCOMETRUEIWISHICOULDWATCHALIVENBAGAMEIWISHICOULDTRAVELAROUNDTHEWORLDIWISHTOHAVEALARGECOMPANYOFMYOWNSOMEDAYIWISHMYPARENTSTOBEHEALTHYANDHAPPYEVERYDAYIWISHLUCKWOULDALWAYSBEWITHMEMOREINFORMATIONTHERHYMEISQUOTEDFROMASONGTHEFOLLOWINGISTHEWORDSOFTHESONGALLIWANTFORCHRISTMASISMYTWOFRONTTEETHDONGARDNERALLIWANTFORCHRISTMASISMYTWOFRONTTEETH,MYTWOFRONTTEETH,SEEMYTWOFRONTTEETHGEE,IFICOULDONLYHAVEMYTWOFRONTTEETH,THENICOULDWISHYOU“MERRYCHRISTMAS“ITSEEMSSOLONGSINCEICOULDSAY,“SISTERSUSIESITTINGONATHISTLE“GOSH,OHGEE,HOWHAPPYIDBEIFICOULDONLYWHISTLEALLIWANTFORCHRISTMASISMYTWOFRONTTEETH,MYTWOFRONTTEETH,SEEMYTWOFRONTTEETHGEE,IFICOULDONLYHAVEMYTWOFRONTTEETH,THENICOULDWISHYOU“MERRYCHRISTMAS“3WHATISTHISSPECIALDAYSTEPONEBETWEENMIDNIGHTON/OF31MARCHANDNOONON/OF1APRILEACHYEAR,SOMEPECULIARTHINGSCANHAPPENYOUMAYFINDYOUREGGAT/FORBREAKFASTISSIMPLYASHELLYOUMAYBETOLDYOUHAVEWONAFORTUNEBYANUNFAMILIARVOICEONTHETELEPHONEORTHENEIGHBORKIDSMIGHTKNOCKON/ATTHEDOORANDSAYTHERESANELEPHANTINYOURBACKYARDSTEPTWO1ITSAPRILFOOLSDAY2PEOPLEPLAYTRICKSONEACHOTHERTHECOMMONTRICKSARETELLSOMEONETHEREISALETTERFORHIMWHILETHEREISNONECALLSOMEONEATMIDNIGHTWHENSOMEONEISTRICKED,PEOPLESAY“APRILFOOL”PARTTWOREADINGCENTEREDACTIVITIESINCLASSREADINGIPREREADINGSAMPLE1CHRISTMASISAHOLIDAYWHENPEOPLECELEBRATETHEBIRTHOFJESUSCHRISTJESUSWASBORNINBETHLEHEMINANCIENTJUDEA古巴勒斯坦的南部地区NOONEKNOWSEXACTLYWHENJESUSWASBORNTHEYEAR1AD,FROMWHICHMOSTMODERNCALENDARSAREDATED,ISSUPPOSEDTOBETHEYEAROFHISBIRTH,BUTHISTORIANSNOWKNOWTHATHEWASACTUALLYBORNSEVERALYEARSBEFORETHATTIMENOONEKNOWSTHEEXACTDATEOFHISBIRTHEITHER,BUTCHRISTIANSHAVECELEBRATEDITONDECEMBER25SINCETHEFOURTHCENTURYCHRISTIANITY,THEMAJORRELIGIOUSFAITHINTHEUNITEDSTATES,ISBASEDONTHETEACHINGSANDLIFEOFJESUSCHRISTTHEREAREABOUTONEBILLIONCHRISTIANSWORLDWIDETHEYBELIEVEINJESUSIDEASOFEQUALITY,CAREFORTHEWEAK,FORGIVENESS,ANDLOVEANDKINDNESSTOALLTHESPIRITOFCHRISTMASISTHESPIRITOFCARINGFORANDSHARINGWITHOTHERS2CHRISTMASCELEBRATIONSARECHARACTERIZEDBYDECORATINGTHEHOUSEANDCHRISTMASTREE,FEASTING,BUYINGANDSENDINGGIFTSANDCARDS,FAMILYREUNIONETCTHEMOSTPOPULARCHRISTMASCUSTOMSAREEXCHANGINGGIFTSRECEIVINGTOYSFROMSANTACLAUSHANGINGASTOCKINGNEARTHECHIMNEYDECORATINGTHEHOMEWITHEVERGREENSSINGINGCHRISTMASCAROLSSENDINGCHRISTMASCARDSCHRISTMASPERFORMANCESLIKETHENUTCRACKER胡桃夹子，芭蕾舞剧，由俄国作曲家柴可夫斯基作ANDCHRISTMASCAROL圣诞颂歌，英国作家CHARLESDICKENS创作的小说IIPASSAGEREADINGWORDS,PHRASESANDGRAMMATICALPOINTS1SIPAWAYL7THEWORD“AWAY”ISUSEDTOEMPHASIZEACONTINUOUSORREPEATEDACTIONEGSUEISSINGINGAWAYTOHERSELFINTHEBATHHEWOULDOFTENBEWORKINGAWAYONHISCOMPUTERLATEINTOTHENIGHT2COMETOL14THEPHRASEMEANS“BEGINTODOSOMETHING,ESPECIALLYTOHAVEAPARTICULARFEELINGOROPINIONABOUTSOMEONEORSOMETHINGASARESULTOFTIMEOREXPERIENCE”EGINTIMEYOUMAYCOMETOLIKEITHERETHATSTHEKINDOFBEHAVIORWEVECOMETOEXPECTFROMHIMYOUVECOMETOMEANALOTTOME3SUPPOSEL16THEWORD“SUPPOSE”HASSEVERALMEANINGS1HAVEADUTYORRESPONSIBILITYTODOSOMETHING常用被动语态期望，认为应该EGWERESUPPOSEDTOCHECKOUTOFTHEHOTELBY11OCLOCKYOURENOTSUPPOSEDTODRIVEONTHELEFTSIDEOFTHEROAD2CONSIDERSOMETHINGTOBELIKELY料想，猜想，以为EGHEFOUNDITALOTMOREDIFFICULTTOGETAJOBTHANHESUPPOSEDITWOULDBEIHADALWAYSSUPPOSEDTHATHEWASHONEST3USEDWHENTALKINGABOUTAPOSSIBLECONDITIONORSITUATION,ANDTHENIMAGININGTHERESULT假定，假设EGLOOK,SUPPOSEYOULOSTYOURJOBTOMORROW,WHATWOULDYOUDOSUPPOSETHATYOURHUSBANDGAVEYOUACHECKOF15,000,WOULDNTTHATBEWORTHAHUG4ATIMEWHENL17WHEN在此处是关系副词，用在表示时间的先行词如TIME,DAY,YEAR之后。EGTHEREHADBEENATIMEWHENSHETHOUGHTTHEYWEREWONDERFULPEOPLEARESTILLTALKINGABOUTTHEHISTORICEVENTSOFSEVERALYEARSAGO,WHENMANTOOKHISFIRSTWALKINSPACE5WHATEVERL45这里相当于NOMATTERWHAT。WHATEVER为书面语，NOMATTERWHAT多用于口语。EGNOMATTERWHATYOUMAYDO,YOUMUSTDOITWELLWHATEVERDIFFICULTIESYOUMEET,YOUHAVETOGOON课内阅读参考译文快乐的圣诞节还再吃吗帕特里克布伦顿1你可能知道“MERRY”有两层意思快乐和醉酒。如果你像许多英国人那样，那么你的圣诞节将会是一个喝酒的而不是宗教的节日。从十二月初直到一月份的第一周结束整个圣诞节期间，你会花很长时间与朋友、亲戚和同事喝酒。无论身处酒馆喧闹友好的气氛中，还是置身于安宁舒适的他人家里，你都会一小口一小口地喝个不停。2如果圣诞节前夕在皮卡迪利或牛津大街上走，你就会看到大把大把的钱花在电子游戏、瓶装烈性酒、昂贵的服装、激光唱片、磁带、照相机以及大量的奢侈品上，花费之多令人难以置信。如果圣诞节前夕，到伦敦东区几个镇的主要街道上走一走，你就看不到（有人）大把大把地花钱买礼品。假如你有钱或者你不怕负债，你就会加入到圣诞节所体现的炫耀性消费的行列中去。如果你没钱，你会感到伤心失望，因为你不能给心爱的人你想给的礼物。3圣诞节应该是对他人表示爱心和良好祝愿的时候。它应该是为那些没有我们那么幸运的人做善事的时候。然而，当我们坐下来吃圣诞大餐的时候我们想过别人吗当然没有。我们正忙于品尝圣诞节的美味佳肴。我们正忙着想知道我们送给别人的礼物是与别人送给我们的一样好，还是比他们送的更好。我们忘了顾及那些生病的和无家可归的人。整个圣诞节基本上丧失了基督精神这一概念我相信如果基督看到在以他的名义进行这样的庆祝活动一定会很痛苦。4因此，我反对过圣诞节我同意斯克鲁奇的看法“这全是挂羊头卖狗肉。”如果我们还要继续以这种铺张浪费、愚昧无知的方式庆祝的话，那么让我们诚实一点，就把它叫做“吃喝周”让我们剥掉虚伪的假装，去说什么圣诞节是“表达良好祝愿的时节”。让我们正视它吧，圣诞节是一个失去了原来意义的节日。不仅仅为小孩林恩奈特5最近，一个涉世颇深的妇女羞怯地告诉我，她把所有的礼物一直存到圣诞节的早上，然后坐在床上打开礼物，就像个孩子一样。她原认为我会笑话她，说她很傻。但事实上，我非常高兴能碰见一个与我一样对待圣诞节的人。6如今许多人对待圣诞节的态度不同了。他们认为这只是店主们赚大钱的时候，也是每个人到处奔波，买他们不愿意送的礼物和不想吃的食物的时候。但他们难道已经与自己的童年如此疏远，以至于忘了所有美好的事情7首先，圣诞节使你摆脱日常生活的轨道。对孩子们来说，在装饰品挂起来的前几周，乐趣已经开始了，随着12月25日的临近，激动的气氛越来越浓。8在圣诞节期间，对大家来说，人与人之间似乎都要比平时友好得多。当你在交通灯处停下来的时候，你可以把头伸出车窗外说“圣诞快乐”。人们会微笑着给予回应。在平时大概你是很难想到会这样做的。这或许是因为大部分人在度假，或者因为每个人都知道他们正在分享同一种经历。如果你早早就把礼物准备起来，而且真的想好把适当的礼物送给适当的人，送礼也是一件非常令人心满意足的快事。9说实在的，不管店主从圣诞节中得到什么盈利，圣诞节还是一个“神圣的日子HOLYDAY”。“节日HOLIDAY”这个词就是从“神圣的日子”来的，它使人们有时间停下来，花一会儿工夫认真地想一想其非商业的价值。IIIPOSTREADINGREADINGCOMPREHENSION1SCANNINGFORSPECIFICINFORMATIONFORAGAINST1ITISFUNFORCHILDREN2ITGETSYOUOUTOFTHEUSUALROUTINE3PEOPLEAREFRIENDLIER4GIVINGPRESENTSCANBEVERYSATISFYING5ONECANCONCENTRATEONNONCOMMERCIALVALUES6ITISATIMETOPAUSEANDREFLECT7THEPREPARATIONS,LIKEDECORATINGTHEHOUSE,AREFUN8ITISATIMETOBEWITHFRIENDS9THEREAREALLKINDSOFDELICIOUSFOODS10ITSAHOLYDAY1ITISANUNCHRISTIAN,ANDPURELYALCOHOLICOCCASION2ITISAWASTEOFMONEY3PEOPLEDONTTHINKABOUTOTHERSWHOARELESSFORTUNATE4ITISAWASTEFULANDTHOUGHTLESSCEREMONY5ITSALL“HUMBUG”ORHYPOCRITICAL6PEOPLEEATTOOMUCHOREATFOODTHEYDONTWANT7ITSDISAPPOINTINGFORPOORPEOPLEWHOCANTAFFORDTOSPENDALOTOFMONEY8ITISNOLONGERARELIGIOUSCELEBRATION,ITHASLOSTITSMEANING2UNDERSTANDINGSPECIFICINFORMATION1C2C3A4B5C6C3QUESTIONSFORGROUPDISCUSSION1SAMPLETHESUBTITLE“MORESTUFFING”ISAPLAYONWORDSTHEVERB“TOSTUFF”HASSEVERALMEANINGS,BUTTHEREARETWOTHATCOMETOMINDATCHRISTMASTIMEFIRST,“TOSTUFF”MEANSTOOVEREATTOEATTOOMUCHSECOND,“TOSTUFFACHICKENORATURKEY”MEANSTOPUTSTUFFINGAMIXTUREOFBREADANDSEASONINGSINSIDEBEFOREITISCOOKEDSOINTHISCASE,THESUBTITLE“MORESTUFFING”MEANS“DOYOUWANTTOSTUFFMOREINTOYOURSTOMACH”AND“WOULDYOULIKESOMEMORESTUFFING”THELATTERISAPOLITEQUESTIONONEWOULDASKATTHEDINNERTABLETHESUBTITLE“NOTONLYFORCHILDREN”MEANSTHATCHRISTMASISNOTONLYAWONDERFULTIMEFORCHILDRENBUTALSOFORADULTSITCANALSOHELPADULTSGETOUTOFTHEORDINARYROUTINEOFLIFE2SAMPLE1IAGREEWITHPATRICKBRENDANITHINKCHRISTMASISAWASTEOFMONEYPEOPLEBUYSOMUCHFOODTHATTHEYARENOTABLETOFINISHTHEYSPENDALOTOFMONEYONPRESENTSALLTHESELEADTOALOTOFWASTEWHENPEOPLEINDULGETHEMSELVESWITHGOODFOODANDBEAUTIFULCLOTHES,THEYRARELYTHINKOFTHOSEWHOAREPOORANDLESSFORTUNATEEVERYYEARTHEYCELEBRATECHRISTMASINTHESAMEWAY,SPENDING,EATING,ANDDRINKINGTHEREALMEANINGOFCHRISTMASHASBEENLOSTINTHECOMMERCIALIZATIONATTHESAMETIME,CHRISTMASCAUSESSICKNESSANDDEPRESSIONFORTHOSEWHOCANNOTAFFORDTOBUYWHATTHEYNEED,NOTTOSAYMANYLUXURYITEMSSAMPLE2IAGREEWITHLYNNEKNIGHTAFTERWORKINGALLTHEYEAR,PEOPLEDONEEDATIMEFORRELAXATIONANDFORFAMILYREUNIONSCHRISTMASISJUSTTHETIMEFORTHESEPURPOSESWHENALLTHEFAMILYMEMBERSGETTOGETHER,EATINGTHEFOODTHEYLIKEANDCHATTINGWITHEACHOTHER,PRESENTSARENOLONGERIMPORTANTITISLOVEANDFRIENDSHIPTHATPEOPLEVALUEMOSTITISALSOSIGNIFICANTTOHAVEAHOLIDAYTHATCELEBRATESKINDNESSANDGOODWILLTOOTHERSIFPEOPLEARETOOBUSYTODOSOMETHINGFOROTHERS,CHRISTMASWILLBETHEBESTTIMETOSHOWLOVEANDKINDNESSINADDITION,HOLIDAYSTHATMAKECHILDRENHAPPYWILLMAKEADULTSHAPPYTOOVOCABULARY11ACHILDISHHAVINGAMANNERUNSUITABLEFORAGROWNUP幼稚的，傻气的BCHILDCCHILDHOODDCHILDLIKEOFORTYPICALOFACHILD,ESPECIALLYHAVINGANATURALLOVABLEQUALITY孩子般的，天真的2ACOMMERCIALLYBCOMMERCIALCCOMMERCEDCOMMERCIALSENONCOMMERCIAL3AEXCITINGBEXCITESCEXCITEDDEXCITEDEEXCITEMENTS4ASATISFIEDBSATISFYCSATISFACTIONDSATISFYINGESATISFACTORILY21B2B3A4A5A6B7ANOTES1ATHEWAYSOMEONEFEELSATAPARTICULARTIME,FOREXAMPLEIFTHEYARECHEERFULORSAD精神状态BESPECIALLYBREASTRONGALCOHOLICDRINKSUCHASWHISKYORBRANDY烈酒2ABEINGINTHEPLACE在场BTHINGGIVENORRECEIVEDASAGIFT礼物3AHAVINGALOTOFEXPERIENCEINLIFE,GOODJUDGMENTABOUTTHINGSSUCHASART,FASHION,ETC有经验的，老练的BOFAMACHINE,SYSTEM,METHODETCTHATISVERYCLEVERLYDESIGNEDANDVERYADVANCEDANDOFTENWORKINGINACOMPLICATEDWAY先进的4ANTHEUSUALANDNORMALWAYINWHICHYOUDOTHINGS常规BADJUSUAL,ORDINARY常规的5ACOMENEARBAWAYOFDEALINGWITHAPERSONORTHING6ADEPENDONBMOVEORBENDYOURBODYINAPARTICULARDIRECTION7ANOMATTERWHATBANYOTHERSOFASIMILARTYPE31FRIED2BOILED3STEAMED4ROASTED5BAKED6TOASTEDFRYCOOKFOODINAPANTHATCONTAINSHOTFATOROIL煎，炸BOILCOOKFOODINBOILINGWATER在水中煮沸STEAMCOOKFOODINSTEAM蒸，煮ROASTCOOKFOODBYDRYHEAT,EITHERINFRONTOFANOPENFIREORINAHOTOVEN烤，烘，炙BAKECOOKFOODINANOVEN（在炉中）烘，烤，焙TOASTMAKEBREAD,CHEESE,ETCBROWNBYHOLDINGITCLOSETOHEAT烤（面包等）TRANSLATION1THETOPICOFTHESPEECHISANNOUNCEDAWEEKINADVANCE,BUTTHENAMEOFTHESPEAKERISNOT2ITSEEMEDINCREDIBLETHATSOMESTUDENTSSTILLPLAYEDFOOTBALLBEFORETHEEXAMS3MRAUDENISAHAPPYMANWHODERIVESPLEASUREFROMHELPINGOTHERS4TWOAMERICANSSHAREDLASTYEARSNOBELPRIZEFORMEDICINE5FIRSTOFALLIDLIKETOWELCOMEYOUTOTHEMEETING6IMNOTACCUSTOMEDTOSUCHLUXURYITSAWASTEOFMONEY7THERESULTSOFTHEEXAMWILLBEPUTUPONFRIDAYAFTERNOON8SOMECRUELEXPERIMENTSONANIMALSARECARRIEDOUTINTHENAMEOFSCIENCEAFTERCLASSREADING课外阅读1参考译文我为什么喜欢感恩节1这些年来，我有机会把国内所有的州几乎都游了个遍，一直惊叹我们国家丰富的人文景观。我可以走出地铁就进入纽约市，也可以漫步在密执安州的某个乌饭树农场，或者在缅因州某个人迹罕至的海滩上挖蛤蚌。这些地方迥然不同，但都代表了我所热爱的祖国大地。2我发现我们美国人有一个最大的共同点，那就是对待节日的方式。我们都热爱节日。节日使我们有理由忘掉日常的惯例，去庆祝、去做值得回忆的事情。在所有节日中还有哪个能比感恩节更让我们有机会这么做的呢对我们大多数人来说，感恩节这个周末是一年当中最长、最不受干扰的周末。是亲朋好友再相聚的最佳时节，也是所有节日当中最具美国特征的节日，因为它是庆祝350多年前早期移民来这儿定居的节日。3对我来说，感恩节让我想起了人生中最让我感动、让我充满感激之情的所有事情。有来自土地和收获季节的淳朴之美，有从耕作中获得的满足感，还有感恩节本身的传统习俗回到马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州绿色山峦间的老家，品尝美味的食品，分享过节的仪式。4我记得，我的祖父母在马里兰州的弗里兰附近有一个农场。尽管我现在不常去那儿，但那里曾经一度是我生活的中心。第一次在那个农场过感恩节时，我才五岁。我还记得那顿饭硕大的烤火鸡，鲜红的越桔酱，许多现做的极好吃的土豆泥，还有我们家最喜欢的南瓜馅饼和苹果馅饼，散发着调料的香味。那天晚上，我们围坐在客厅里，尽情歌唱。我们称之为“为晚餐而唱”。直到今天，每逢感恩节，在我们斯各特家里还为晚餐而唱。我们总喜欢唱那首“我们欢聚一堂”。5在我们斯各特家里，感恩节的传统从未削弱过，只是稍稍改变了一点。尽管我现在住纽约市，但我年年都在农场过感恩节。只不过不是在我祖父母的农场，而是在弗吉尼亚州我自己的农场。我妻子和我都喜欢烹调，我们尽量在节日里另外做一些特别的食物。除了我们传统的家庭美食，我们还增加了用模子制成的西红柿色拉，内容丰富的红薯沙锅，还有美味无比的椰子柑橘色拉。但是，不管我们的菜谱有多大的改变，不管我们现在是用烤鹅还是烤火鸡，还是用南方的薄壳山胡桃馅饼代替了苹果馅饼，我们那份感恩节的情愫依然不变。其实，感恩节的宗旨就是提升生活、增进友谊、亲密关系和家庭团结。每个和我们分享感恩节晚餐的人都成了我们的朋友，而每个朋友又都成了我们家的荣誉成员。6我真的相信自己能够清楚地记得（感恩节晚餐的）种种滋味，缕缕香气，我们快乐地歌唱时那每一个稍稍走调的音符，记住所有这一切的一切，就是没必要记住所有那些感恩节都去了哪里。随着年龄的增长，感恩节的这些庆祝活动似乎都融进了我最美好的一组回忆。我将永远记得，感恩节是我们吃美食、唱老歌、与家人朋友分享爱的时刻。愿你们也拥有同样的快乐课外阅读2参考译文愚人节1如果有火星来客在4月1日翻看一份份报纸的话，一定会感到奇怪为什么人类知识上最了不起的突飞猛进都发生在3月31日，正好赶上第二天的报道。（几年前，德国宝马汽车的制造厂家在英国的报纸上为他们的一款汽车做广告，说这种汽车只有在确认了驾驶座上坐的是汽车主人自己时才会发动。）当然，那是因为4月1日是愚人节，是传统上开玩笑的日子。2没有人确切知道愚人节源于何时、何因。但是，在欧洲和亚洲的一些国家里，这个节日已经有几百年的历史了。毫无疑问，在十八世纪初叶，愚人节已经在英国和法国得到确认。3近来，中国也开始分享愚人节的快乐。1993年，通常作风严肃的中国青年报刊登了一整版的愚人节玩笑。其中一篇文章说，中国一个家庭只生一个孩子的政策有了重大变化，允许有博士学位的知识分子生第二胎。该消息如此有说服力，以至于法国的一家报社采用了这则报道。同一版面上的另一条消息则称，利比亚领导人卡扎菲上校需要聘请一位中国女保镖，年龄在23岁至25岁之间，有大学学历，精通武术（这则消息很难让人质疑，因为卡扎菲确实有女保镖）。然而，并不是每个人都喜欢这些愚人节的玩笑，于是，中国青年报后来不得不在第一版道歉。4在英国，4月1日越来越被报界当作一个可以摈弃真实报道的时机，他们争相制造更大、更巧妙的假消息，试图超过自己的竞争对手。例如，1995年，一向受推崇的卫报发表了一位“考古记者”的文章，声称在法国北部发现了一个法国著名的连环漫画人物所住的村庄。5文章说，那个村庄几乎跟连环漫画中描述的一模一样。作者勒内戈西尼在写那些故事时并不知道这个村庄的存在，不过，他的描写中只有一个主要的细节出现了错误。但是戈西尼描写的位置完全正确村庄就坐落在那里，在一个俯瞰英吉利海峡的悬崖顶上。6这当然不是真的。卫报另一则愚人节的经典作品是他们在1977年刊登的副刊，整整7页，都是有关一个完全虚构的海岛。副刊连篇累牍地描述那些吸引热爱阳光游客的旅游点、岛上的经济和社会发展情况。这并不是英国新闻工作者第一次愚弄大众。事实上，他们的灵感来自英国广播公司。1957年，英国广播公司播放了一个电视节目，描述意大利的“面条农”正在从树上收割意大利细面条。报刊评论对该节目制作人进行了猛烈的抨击，指责他们误导英国大众。7不过，如果所有这些让你打定主意，今年的愚人节一定不要上当的话，那么你在揭穿这些玩笑时可要小心。因为有些报纸已经采取了欺骗读者的新手段不说谎话。去年，卫报对自己的竞争对手们发表的最离奇的故事进行了甄别，断定每日电讯报有关世界上首架捕蛾飞行器的消息不可能是真的。然而，这却是真的。然后，每日电讯报对卫报上刊登的WH奥登（生于英国的二十世纪诗人）年轻时写的一些不为人知的诗歌作品的真实性表示质疑。我们不知道，现在是有，还是没有小精灵。8每日电讯报认为，诗歌如此蹩脚，因此肯定是奥登的原作。他们是正确的。所以，如果今年你看到这样的文章，比方说有人给山羊裹上救生衣，把它们放进被污染的水中，让它们把所有对环境有害的植物吃光，你可不要上当必须三思之后再判断它是不是玩笑。PARTTHREEFURTHERDEVELOPMENT1GRAMMARREVIEW4EVERYONEENDSUPLAUGHING6EVERYTHINGFROZE10DOGSANDCATSFROZEWHENTHEYWENTOUTSIDE,ANDBIRDSFELLOUTOFTHESKY,FROZENSOLID12PEOPLESWORDSFROZEWHENEVERTHEYTRIEDTOTALK17NOBODYCOULDCARRYONACONVERSATION18EVERYTHINGBECAMEUNFROZENALLATTHEEXACTSAMEMINUTE19EVERYONEBECAMEDEAF2VOCABULARYREVIEW1RIVAL2RECOGNIZED3POLLUTING4MISLEADING5ECONOMIC6LUXURY7DEBTS8ROUTINE9REPRESENT10TRADITION11IDEAL12PROMOTE13APOLOGY14ATTITUDE15CONVINCING/BELIEVABLE3GETTINGTOKNOWMOREABOUTWESTERNHOLIDAYS1APRILFOOLSDAY2CHILDRENGOTRICKORTREATINGINCOSTUMES2HALLOWEEN4PARTIESUNTILMIDNIGHTFIREWORKS3THANKSGIVING5CHILDRENENJOYCHOCOLATE,EGGSANDBUNNIES4NEWYEARSEVE1PLAYTRICKSONPEOPLE5EASTER7FIREWORKSANDPICNIC6LABORDAY8CARDS,FLOWERS,CHOCOLATETOSWEETHEART7FOURTHOFJULY6RELAXINGOUTDOORSOUTINGSANDPICNICS8VALENTINESDAY3FAMILIESEATPUMPKINPIEANDTURKEYADDITIONALINFORMATIONTHEFOLLOWINGAREALSOIMPORTANTHOLIDAYSINTHEUNITEDSTATESALABORDAYITISCELEBRATEDONTHEFIRSTMONDAYINSEPTEMBER,ANDITISANOCCASIONFORPARADESTOHONORWORKERSTHESTORYOFLABORDAYBEGANINTHE19THCENTURYWITHTHEDREAMOFACARPENTERNAMEDPETERJMCGUIRE,WHOGREWUPEVENTUALLYTOBECOMETHEPRESIDENTOFANATIONALUNIONOFCARPENTERSMCGUIREWASWELLACQUAINTEDWITHBOTHTHESATISFACTIONANDTHESUFFERINGTHATACCOMPANIESHARDWORKHEWANTEDTOESTABLISHAHOLIDAY“TOHONORTHEINDUSTRIALSPIRIT,THEGREATVITALFORCEOFTHISNATION”ATHISSUGGESTION,THEFIRSTLABORDAYPARADEWASHELDINNEWYORKCITYIN1882IN1894,LABORDAYBECAMEAFEDERALHOLIDAYINTHEUNITEDSTATESBECAUSETHEHOLIDAYALSOMARKSTHEENDOFTHESUMMERVACATIONPERIODFORMANYPEOPLE,ITISOFTENTHETIMEFORANOUTINGTOTHEBEACH,APICNICINTHEPARK,ORABARBECUEINTHEBACKYARDSINCETHISHOLIDAYPROVIDESATHREEDAYWEEKENDFORMOSTWORKERSANDSTUDENTS,MANYPEOPLEUSEITTOENJOYAFEWLASTSUMMERDAYSRELAXINGOUTDOORSBHALLOWEENEVERYYEARONOCTOBER31,HALLOWEENISCELEBRATEDTHROUGHOUTTHEUNITEDSTATESAMERICANCHILDRENLOVETODRESSUPINCOSTUMESANDGOTRICKORTREATINGIFANADULTREFUSESTOSUPPLYATREATCANDY,COOKIES,FRUIT,ORMONEYTHECHILDRENMAYPLAYATRICKTYPICALHALLOWEENPRANKSARESOAPINGWINDOWS,WRITINGONDOORSWITHCRAYONS,OVERTURNINGGARBAGECANS,STICKINGPINSINTODOORBELLSTOKEEPTHEMRINGING,ANDSPRAYINGSHAVINGCREAMONCARSANDFRIENDSMASQUERADING,BEGGING,ANDMANYOTHERHALLOWEENCUSTOMSAREMAINLYFORTHEAMUSEMENTOFCHILDRENTHENAMEHALLOWEENISASHORTWAYOFSAYINGALLHALLOWSEVE,WHICHMEANSTHENIGHTBEFORETHEROMANCATHOLICHOLYDAYOFALLSAINTSDAYALTHOUGHHALLOWEENGOTITSNAMEFROMACHRISTIANFESTIVAL,ITSCUSTOMSAREOFPAGANORIGINTHEYCOMEFROMTWODIFFERENTSOURCESANANCIENTCELTICFESTIVALINHONOROFTHELORDOFDEATHANDAROMANFESTIVALINHONOROFTHEGODDESSOFGARDENSANDORCHARDSTHEHALLOWEENCOLORS,BLACKANDORANGE,SUGGESTBOTHIDEASDEATHANDHARVESTCTHANKSGIVINGDAYINTHEUNITEDSTATES,THEFOURTHTHURSDAYINNOVEMBERISCALLEDTHANKSGIVINGDAYONTHISDAY,AMERICANSGIVETHANKSFORTHEBLESSINGSTHEYHAVEENJOYEDDURINGTHEYEARTHANKSGIVINGISUSUALLYAFAMILYDAY,CELEBRATEDWITHBIGDINNERSANDHAPPYREUNIONSTHEFIRSTAMERICANTHANKSGIVINGWASHELDINPLYMOUTH,MASSACH