必修4-unit3-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补

动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语作定语动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，有的可置于名词前，有的需要置于名词后。它们的形式相同，都可作定语，但两者之间是有差别的。1、 动名词作定语：表示被修饰词的某种用途（此时动词的-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面）意为“作用”，相当于一个for引导的介词短语。 a walking stick (= a stick for walking= a stick which is used for walking) 拐杖 a washing machine (= a machine for washing= a machine which is used for washing) 洗衣机 a reading room (= a room for reading= a room which is used for reading) 阅览室 a measuring tape (= a tape for measuring= a tape which is used for measuring) 卷尺、皮尺 sleeping pills (= pills for sleeping= pills which are used for sleeping)安眠药常用必背 a bathing cap 浴帽 a changing room 更衣室 a waiting room 等候室、候诊室 a watering room 喷壶 a guessing game 猜字游戏 an ironing board 烫衣板 a collecting tin 募捐盒 a hiding place 藏身处 a racing bicycle 赛车 an operating table 手术台 building materials 建筑材料 a diving board 跳板2、 现在分词作定语：表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近于一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。China is a fast developing country.中国是一个快速发展的国家。He spoke in a low voice in order not to wake the sleeping child. 为了不吵醒那个在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。常用必背falling leaves 落叶 boiling water 开水 the setting sun 落日 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 the coming week 下周 the suffering people受苦的人们3、 现在分词短语作定语现在分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，其用法相当于一个定语从句The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是报校的编辑。Those wishing to join this club should sign here.(= Those who wish to join the club should sign here.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The professor giving a speech about pollution now is from Harvard University.正在做有关污染报告的那位教授来自哈佛大学。【随即随练】翻译下面的短语 1.a writing table 写字台 2. reading materials 阅读材料 3. working hours 工作时间 4. smoking room 吸烟室 5. a dancing hall 舞厅 6. a swimming pool 游泳池 7. the barking dog 狂吠的狗 8. a developing country发展中国家 9. running water自来水 10. the following questions 下面的问题 作表语一、动名词作表语：表述主语的内容，主语和表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows.(= Cleaning the windows is your task.) 你的任务就是擦窗户。What I hate most is being laughed at.(= Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。2、 现在分词作表语：说明主语的性质、特征，此时主语和表语不可以交换。What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真令人鼓舞。The speech you delivered is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。【即时即练】1. 这个故事很感人。(touch) The story is very touching.2. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。（play） Our job is playing all kinds of music.3. 这节课的任务就是练习这些句子。（practise） The task of this class is practising these sentences.4. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋。（play） The music they playing is so exciting.作宾语补足语1、 动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, find，leave, keep, get, have等动词后面作宾语补足语,表示正在进行的动作。When I was young, I preferred to watch trains pulling in and out.我小的时候喜欢看火车进站和出站的情景。The man left us standing alone, unable to find any help.那个人让我们孤单的站在那儿，无法找到任何帮助。Dont have your children working hard at their homework all the time.不要让你的孩子一直不停地做作业。Parents should learn to keep their children most often using their mind.父母应当学着让自己的孩子经常开动脑筋。【牛刀小试】1. I looked up and noticed a snake C its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A.to wind B.wind C.winding D.wound2. Listen! Do you hear someone A for help? A.calling B.call C.to call D.called动词的-ing形式和不定式作定语时的区别：不定式作定语通常指将来的动作；动词的-ing形式作定语指正在进行的动作。I have to work extra hours this evening, for I have three letters to write. 我有三封信要写，今晚得加班。Do you know the man sitting in the middle of the first row? 你认识坐在第一排中间的那个人吗？动名词与动词不定式作表语都是用来解释主语的内容，区别在于： 动名词作表语：表示动作的经常性与习惯性。 不定式作表语：表示动作的一次性与未来性。My hobby is reading English aloud in the morning.My wish is to go to college after graduation.动词-ing和不定式作宾语补足语的区别：在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可以用动词的-ing形式，也可以用不定式(注意：省略了to的动词不定式，因此表现形式是see sb. do)，两者之间存在着一定的区别，即现在分词表示动作正在进行，如是短暂性动词则表示动作的重复；不定式表示动作的整个过程，如是短暂性动词则表示一次动作。如We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment.我们经过教室，看见老师在做实验。（指在走过教室的刹那间看见老师正在做实验） We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.我们坐了一小时，看老师做实验。（一小时之内一直在看老师做实验，看到了全过程）We heard the door slam.我们听到门“砰”的响了一下。（动作的一次性） We heard the door slamming.我们听见门“砰砰”地响。（动作的重复性）【随堂练习】一、用单词的正确形式填空1. My favourite sport is playing (play) football.2. Her job this afternoon is to clean (clean) the office.3. My dream is to become (become) a teacher.4. The old man sitting (sit) at the table wears a white shirt.5. I saw him waiting (wait) at the bus stop.6. The students to be interviewed (interview) are required to bring all the necessary papers two days later.7. Her job is keeping the office clean.8. I found a stranger walking (walk) nearby our shop all day.9. The project to be accomplished (accomplish) by the end of 2015 will greatly expand the citys telephone network. 二、完成句子（用括号内所给你英语单词完成句子)1. After what seemed a long time, he remained standing beside the table.(remain)过了一段看起来很长的时间后，他依然站在桌旁。2. I suddenly felt myself being hit by a heavy first.(hit)我突然感到自己被重重的打了一拳。3. The young man was caught stealing a car .(steal)那个年轻男子正在偷车时被逮住了。【课后作业】1、 单项选择1. Volunteering gives you a chance D lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change2. The airport B next year will help promote tourism in this area. A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed3. The room is empty except for a bookshelf A in one corner. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood4. The lecture, A at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started5. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter B him it. A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered6. Birdssinging is sometimes a warming to other birds A away. A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay7. The engine just wont start. Something seems B wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 8. I looked up and noticed a snake C its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound9. With a lot of difficult problems C ,the manager feels very worried. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled10. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog B them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows11. Dont have him D outside all