初中英语语法动词时态详解

动词的时态,初中英语语法（1）,动词的时态结构歌谣,一般现在时，动词用原型；,一般时,单数三人称，动词加“s”。,一般过去时，动词加“ed”。,Iwork.,Heworks.,Iworked.,现在进行时,进行时,例句：Iamworking.,过去进行时,am,is,are,-ing。,was,were,-ing。,例句：Iwasworking.,将来时,一般将来时，,would加原型。,过去将来时，,will加原型。,Iwillwork.,Iwouldwork.,完成时,现在完成时，,have/has加过分。,Ihaveworked.,过去完成时，,had加过分。,Ihadworked.,各种时态的用法,一、一般现在时,1.用法：A.现在经常性的动作或状态B.客观事实和真理。2.标志词:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/,1.Theboyusually_(get)toschoolearly.,gets,2.Light_(travel)fasterthansound.,travels,二、一般过去时,1.用法：过去的动作或状态。2.标志词：,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month,inthepast；justnow=amomentago,点击中考,LiMingdidntunderstandwhatAmericanpeoplesaid,_?(2004北京市中考)A.couldntheB.couldheC.didntheD.didhe,三、现在进行时,1.用法：A.现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。2.标志词：now,Look!Listen!,中考模拟：,-Mike,who_footballintheyard?-Letmegoandsee.（2004顺义）,A.hasplayedB.willplayC.wasplayingD.isplaying,1.Look!What_thechildren_overthere?,2.Thoseworkers_herethesemonths.A.areworkB.areworkedC.workD.areworking,A.are;doB.are;doingC.is;doD.isdoing,3.-How_you_alongwithyourworkmates?-Verywell.,A.do;getB.will;getC.can;getD.are;getting,4.-MustIwatertheflowersnow?-No,youneednt.Jack_them.,A.iswateringB.wateringC.watersD.iswatered,注意,A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。,1.-Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?-OK.I_.A.willcomeB.comeC.amcomingD.wouldcome,2.-When_you_forToronto?-Tomorrow.,A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leave,Theboy_always_us!(夸赞)A.is;helpingB.does;helpC.can;helpD./;help,B.现在进行时和always连用，表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。,You_always_thesamemistake!(责备)A.do;makeB.does;makeC.is;makingD.are;making,四、过去进行时,1.用法：过去某时正在进行的动作。2.标志词：atthattime,thistimeyesterday,then,when,1.Father_whenI_yesterdaymorning.A.stillslept,gotupB.wasstillsleeping,gotupC.issleeping,gotupD.sleeps,getup,2.She_applesinhergardenwhenI_toseeheryesterday.A.picked，wentB.waspicking，wentC.picked，wasgoingD.waspicking，wasgoing,五、一般将来时,1.用法：将来的动作或状态。2.结构：willshallbegoingto,3.标志词：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term,fromnowon,+V.(原型),（第一人称）,4.shall/will/begoingto之间的区别：,1,计划决定要做某事，一般用begoingtodo结构。,shall往往用于第一人称疑问句,will可用于任何人称。,2,will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。,3,1.There_twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobeB.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.willhave,2.Thetwins_tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.aregoD.went,3.-When_wehavethemeeting?-At8.A.areB.shallC.wouldD.will,4.-When_you_forLondon?-Nextweek.A.will;leavingB.are;leavingC.shall;leaveD.have;left,六、过去将来时,1.用法：从过去看将要发生的动作。2.结构：wouldwas/were/goingto,+v.(原型),1.-Whatdidhesayyesterday?-Hesaidhe_toSydneynextweek.A.goesB.willgoC.wouldgoD.aregoing2.-DidyoursonfailhisEnglishexamonceagain?-Yes,buthetoldmehe_hardnextterm.A.studiesB.isstudyingC.willstudyD.wouldstudy,试题：,1.用法：,1,2,七、现在完成时,现在完成时,过去,现在,影响：作业都做完了，我能出去玩会儿吗？,这该死的！我都等了一个小时了，他怎么还不来？,过去的动作对现在的影响。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.,过去的动作持续到现在。Ihavestayedhereforanhour！,2.标志词：already,just,yet,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段,3.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：动作都在过去。不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。)4.易错点：,1,2,1,havegoneto+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）TheyhavegonetoEurope.(Theyarenothere.),havebeento+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）IhavebeentoEurope.(IamnotinEuropenow.),3,havebeenin+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。IhavebeeninEuropeforthreeweeks.(IamnowstillinEurope.),2,5.瞬间动词和延续性动词若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：,1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.,Thefilm_for5minutes.They_foranhour.Theman_foraweek.He_theclubfor3days.They_for10years.He_heresinceanhourago.Jack_homefor2hours.Thedoor_openforawhile.They_since10yearsago.I_thebookforaweek.I_thecarsinceayearago.,hasbeenon,havebeenaway,hasbeendead,hasbeenin,havebeenmarried,hasbeen,hasbeen,hasbeen,haveknown,havekept,havehad,1.-Whatanicebike!Howlong_you_it?-Justtwoweeks.(2004北京市中考)A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.-Howlonghaveyou_here?-Since1997.A.arrivedB.movedC.comeD.lived3.-Icantfindmypen._you_itanywhere?-No.Look!Whatsthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seenB.Do;seeC.Did;seeD.Had;seen4.-Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereforonlyafewminutes.A.willbeB.wasC.amD.havebeen5.IwontgotoseethefilmbecauseI_theticket.(2002河南)A.lostB.havelostC.willlostD.didntlost,八、过去完成时,1.用法：发生在过去的过去的动作。Theyhadgotmarriedwhenhecameback.,gotmarriedcameback,现在,过去,过去的过去,我来晚了！没希望了！,终于结婚了！好幸福呀！,现在完成时,2.标志词：,bytheendof,bythetime,when+一般过去时,过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，在此参照点前发生的动作都可以用过去完成时。,注意：,1.We_learning1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.A.finishedB.havefinishedC.hadfinishedD.finish2.Thetrain_whenwegottothestation.A.leavesB.haveleftC.wereleavingD.hadleft3.Bythetimehereturned,hisson_supper.A.cooksB.hadcookedC.hascookedD.wascooking,时态综合试题,1.Sorry,I_tohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.A.wontcomeB.cantcomeC.didntcomeD.shouldntcome2.He_thispenforfiveyears.He_itin1997.A.hasbought,bought.B.bought,boughtC.haskept,hasboughtD.hashad,bought3.She_theflowersinthegardenwhenI_toseeheryesterday.A.watered，wentB.waswatering，wentC.watered，wasgoingD.waswatering，wasgoing4.Idontknowifmyfriend_.Ifhe_,Illletyouknow.A.comes,comesB.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comesD.willcome,willcome5.Johnsaidhe_supper.Hewasquitefull.A.hadhadB.washavingC.hadD.haseaten,6.There_twopartiesnextweek.A.aregoingtobeB.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.willhave7.It_10yearssinceI_here.A.is,comeB.is,havecomeC.was,cameD.is,came8.-Katelikeseatingchocolate.-_.Look,sheiseating.(2003十堰市)A.SoLucydoesB.SodoesLucyC.SotheydoD.Sodothey9.Kate_tobeduntilhermother_back.A.wontgo,comeB.hadntgone,cameC.went,cameD.didntgo,came10.Hisbrother_fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasleftB.hasbeenawayC.leftD.willleave11.-Lucy,_you_yourticket?-Notyet.(2003河北省)A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find,12.-_totheUnitedStates?（2003安徽）-No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.HaveyoubeenB.HaveyougoneC.DidyougoD.Haveyouwent13.Themanwholivedontheislandthoughthe_never_.(2001广州)A.will;foundB.would;befoundC.is;foundB.had;beenfound14.-Idontknowifhisuncle_.-Ithinkhe_ifitdoesntrain.(2003重庆）A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.comes;willcome15.-Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,_?-No,shegotuptoolate.(2003河北）A.hadsheB.hadntsheC.didsheD.didntshe16.Theflowers_wellifthey_.(2002青岛)A.wontgrow;donttakegoodcareofB.dontgrow;aretake