中医药翻译技巧PPT课件

.,第四章中医名词术语的翻译及其规范化,.,中医名词术语翻译中存在的问题,译语混乱三焦：threewarmers/heaters/burnerstripleenergizer译语冗长八纲辨证：analysisanddiagnosisofpathologicalconditionsinaccordancewiththeeightprincipalsyndromes;differentialdiagnosisinaccordancewiththeeightprincipalsyndromes释义不明金实不鸣：solidbellcantring(nonsense)excessofthelungqicausinghoarseness,.,中医名词术语的翻译原则,自然性原则所谓“自然性原则”，指的是翻译的中医名词术语应是译入语中自然的对等语。净腑：holloworganforcleansingbladder髓海：seaofmarrowbrain,.,中医名词术语的翻译原则,简洁性原则中医用语的突出特点是简明扼要，译名亦应保持这一特点。所谓信息密度，指的是在计算机记忆中储存的单位信息所占用的空间越小，运载这一单位信息的词的信息密度就越高；一单位信息从发送者到接受者所需要的时间越少，运载这一单位信息的词的信息密度就越高。,.,中医名词术语的翻译原则,民族性原则中医学在思想原则、概念范畴等方面都有自身独到的规定性；在观念系统、理论系统与操作系统方面，都有与现代医学强烈的不可通约性。所以就文化特征而言，中医学还只是中华民族特有的医学体系，因而具有鲜明的民族性。,.,中医名词术语的翻译原则,回译性原则“回译性”指的是英译的中医名词术语在结构上应与中文形式相近，这样在中医药的国际交流中，就能较好地实现信息的双向传递。对回译性的追求以不影响信息的再现为前提。受盛之腑：holloworganinchargeofreceptionsmallintestine传导之官：officialinchargeoftransportationlargeintestine,.,中医名词术语的翻译原则,规定性原则“规定性”指的是对中医名词术语的译语在内涵上加以规定，使其不能另有解释。辩证：syndromedifferentiation,.,中医名词术语翻译的基本方法,比照西医法女子胞uterus髓海brain水谷之海stomach水气edema水臌ascites石蛾chronictonsilitis词素翻译法,.,中医名词术语翻译的基本方法,简洁法伤寒exogenousfebrilediseasestyphoid(fever)针灸acupunctureandmoxibustionacumoxiDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸)RNA(ribonucleicacid核糖核酸)CT(computedtomography电子计算机横断层扫描)MRI(magneticresonanceimaging核磁共振成像),.,中医名词术语翻译的基本要求,阴阳学说方面yinyangdoctrineoryinyangtheorydoctrine:1.beliefsandteachingsofachurch（教旨，教义）e.g.thedoctrinethatthepopeisinfallible2.用来指科学的“学说”或非宗教的理论或主义e.g.theMonroedoctrinethedoctrineofevolutiontheory:explanationofthegeneralprinciplesofanartorscience(contrastedwithpractice):原理、理论（与实践相对而言）,.,阴阳学说方面阴生阳长：yanggrowingwhileyinflourishing阳杀阴藏：yangrecedingwhileyinconcealing阴阳消长：intertransformation/intermetamorphosesbetweenyinandyang阴平阳秘：yinandyanginequilibrium/balance阴阳失调：imbalance/disorderofyinandyang阴不抱阳：yinfailingtomaintain/sustainyang阴阳离决：separation/dissociationofyinandyang阴胜则阳病：yinexcesscausingyangdeficiencyhyper-yincausinghypo-yang阴损及阳：yin-consumptioninvolvingyang阴阳自和：reequilibriumbetweenyinandyang/rebalancedyinandyang阴阳两虚：deficiencyofbothyinandyang阴阳胜复：alternativepreponderance/predorminancebetweenyinandyang重阴必阳：extremeyincausing/generatingyang重阳：doubledyang/superposedyang,.,五行学说方面五行学说：theoryoffiveelements相生相克：inter-generationandinter-restriction相乘相侮：inter-subjugationandverserestriction制化：restrictionandgeneration母病及子：maternaldiseaseinvolvingitsoffspring子盗母气：offspringdiseaseinvolvingitsmother木喜条达：liverbearingnodepression木郁化火：liverdepressiongeneratingfire木火邢金：liverfireimpairinglung/hepatopyrexiaimpairinglung火性炎上：firetendingtoflare/flame火不生土：kidneyyang/nephroyangfailingtowarmthespleen金寒水冷：cold/frigidlungandkidney水火相济：coordinationbetweenkidneyandheartrenalandcardiaccoordination五运六气：fivemovementsandsixclimates,.,脏象学说方面脏象：stateofviscera,visceralmanifestation脏象学说：theoryofvisceralmanifestation脏腑：zangandfu,viscera五脏六腑：fivezangsandsixfus藏而不泻：storagewithoutexcretion泻而不藏：excretionwithoutstorage心包络：pericardium三焦：tripleenergizer,sanjiao命门：mingmen,thegateoflife/vitality,vitalgate,vitaport奇恒之腑：extraodinaryfus,.,脏象学说方面脉：vessel,pulse宗脉：convergingmeridians,assembledmeridians胞衣：placenta空窍：holloworifices七冲门：sevenimportantportals四海：fourconvergence心主神明：heartcontrolling