2012年同等学力英语冲刺练习及详解

2012年同等学力英语冲刺练习及详解（十三）阅读理解：If there is one thing scientists have to hear，it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery，they recoil（畏缩）from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have，todays scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week，The End of Science，argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author，John Horgan，is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine，who has interviewed many of todays leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him，he says，when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation（谴责）in the United States last year.“The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief.”Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems，of which there are plenty，lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not，then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate tectonics（板块构造说），and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive，spending more money on research，that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship，when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than todays？That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns.“Look，dont get me wrong，”says Mr. Horgan.“There are lots of important things still to study，and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer，and for mental disease，though there are few real signs of progress.”NextPage66.The sentence“most of the best things have already been located”could mean .A. most of the best things have already been changedB. most of the best things remain to be changedC. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discoveredD. most secrets of the world have already been discovered67.John Horgan . has published a book entitled The End of Science. has been working as an editor of Scientific American. has been working many years as a literary critic. is working as a science writerA. and B. onlyC. and D. ， and 68.There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because .A. there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental scienceB. there are too many important things for scientists to studyC. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energyD. todays scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past69.The term“the Big Bang”probably refers to .A. the genetic code theoryB. a geological theoryC. a theory of the origin of the universeD. the origin and the power of atomic energy70.The best title of this passage can be .A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be PossibleB. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern ScientistsC. The State Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in VainD. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes ScarceNextPage答案解析：如果有一件事情科学家不愿意听的话，那就是：游戏结束了。他们是在“科学探索永无止境”这样的信念下成长的，大多数最好的东西已经被发现了，这样的暗示让他们畏缩不前。如果这些东西已经被发现了，那么今天的科学家能对科学的交响乐贡献的只不过是几个装饰音符罢了。 本周在英国将要出版的一本书 科学的末日 令人信服地说，事实就是如此。该书的作者约翰霍根是 科学的美国 杂志的一名高级撰稿人，采访了许多当今科学界的领军人物和自然科学哲学家。他说，当他同牛津大学的数学家、物理学家罗杰潘罗斯爵士交谈时，他意识到科学可能已经终结了，这一意识令他感到震惊。 去年，科学的末日 在美国引起了一股谴责浪潮。霍根先生说，“人们的反应完全是震惊和怀疑”。 真正的问题是：是否存在大量尚未解决的问题需要科学家们去寻求普遍的解决方案。如果没有，那么科学发现的核心就已经缩小了。从20世纪60年代取得胜利以来如基因密码、板块构造说以及为证明大爆炸理论走了很长一段路的微波背景辐射，真正的科学革命已经变少了。现在，更多的科学家还很积极，在科学研究上花费了更多的金钱。然而，19世纪和20世纪的大多数伟大发现是在国家的提倡之前就已经出现的，那时的科学事业还只是现在规模的一个零头。 创造了这些发明的科学家比现在的科学家聪明吗？似乎不可能。一个更合理的解释是：基础科学已经进入一个回报减少的时期。“注意，不要误会我的意思，”霍根先生说。“仍然有许多重要的事情需要去研究，应用科学与工程科学可以永远持续下去。我希望我们能够找到治愈癌症以及智障的方法，尽管似乎还没有显示出取得进展的迹象。”NextPage66.【正确答案】D【考点类型】推理判断题【解析过程】句子“most of the best things have already been located”的意思是 。A. 大多数最好的事情已经发生了变化B. 大多数最好的事情可能会发生变化C. 从没有这么多最好事情等待被发现D. 世界的大多数秘密已经被发现线索：文章的第1段提到“Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery，they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located.”成长在“科学探索永无止境”这样的信念下，大多数最好的东西已经被发现了，这样的暗示让他们畏缩不前。此处，be located 作“被发现”讲，故选项D是正确的。【考点提示】这个题主要是对locate这个词在某一特殊语境的具体含义的考查。这就需要学生能够在上下文的语境下推测判断单词的含义。这也是解决生词或者单词的其他含义的很好途径。在语境中理解单词，认识单词。67.【正确答案】C【考点类型】逻辑推断题【解析过程】约翰霍根 。. 已经出版了名为 科学的末日 一书. 一直在 科学美国 杂志社做编辑. 多年来一直从事文学批评. 现在是一名科学作家A 和BC 和D 、和线索：文章的第2段提到“A book to be published in Britain this week，The End of Science，argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author，John Horgan，is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine，.”本周将要在英国出版的一本书 科学的末日，令人信服地说，事实就是如此。该书的作者约翰霍根是 科学的美国 杂志的资深撰稿人，这里，提到了约翰霍根的名为 科学的末日 这本书在这周被出版，而且他也是 科学的美国 杂志的一名资深撰稿人。这表明选项C是正确答案。【考点提示】这是一个逻辑推断题，主要考查学生的逻辑推断能力。要解决这个问题，就要吃透文章第2段的内容，要学会从第2段中抽出这个题所需的主要内容。68.【正确答案】A【考点类型】推理判断题【解析过程】在过去的几十年内，没有许多真正的科学革命是因为 。A. 在基础科学研究方面的回报减少B. 科学家们的重要事情太多而无法作研究C. 实用科学和工程学占用了太多的时间和能量D. 现今的科学家没有过去的科学家们智商高线索：文章的第5段提到“Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than todays？That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns.”难道当时做出这些发现的科学家比现在的科学家聪明吗？似乎不可能。一个更合理的解释是：基础科学已经进入回报减少的时期。这里diminished的意思是：减少，与decrease是近义词。这表明选项A是正确答案。【考点提示】这是推理判断题，主要是考查学生的逻辑推理能力。在逻辑推理的同时也要把握关键词如diminished的含义，这样问题就解决了。69.【正确答案】C【考点类型】推理判断题【解析过程】“大爆炸”这个词语可能指的是 。A. 基因密码理论B. 地质学理论C. 宇宙起源理论D. 起源和原子能 线索：文章的第4段提到“Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate teconics，and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang. ”从20世纪60年代取得胜利（如：基因密码、板块构造说以及在证明大爆炸理论方面走了很长一段路的微波背景辐射）以来，这里“微波背景辐射”主要是对宇宙的研究。表明选项C是正确答案。【考点提示】这个题的题眼是对专业名词“microwave background radiation”（微波背景辐射）的掌握。这个专业名词需要一定的专业背景知识，难度在这里。70. 【正确答案】D【考点类型】主旨归纳题【解析过程】该文的最佳标题是 。A. 重大的科学发现将永远不可能出现B. 现代科学家们一定遇到艰难的挑战C. 政府支持和科学机构都是徒劳D. 重大科学发现的机会寥寥无几线索1：文章的第1段提到“If there is one thing scientists have to hear，it is that the game is over.”如果有一件事情科学家不愿意听的话，那就是：游戏结束了。线索2：文章的第2段提到“The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him，he says，when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.”他说，当他和牛津大学的数学家兼物理学Roger Penrose交谈时，让他感到震惊的是：科学可能结束了。线索3：文章的第4段“Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate tectonics（板块构造说），and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce.”从20世纪60年代取得胜利（如：基因密码、板块构造说以及在证明大爆炸理论方面走了很长一段路的微波背景辐射）以来，真正的科学革命已经很少了。这些线索均表明选项D是正确答案。【考点提示】这道题是考查大家的综合归纳能力。在这里，大家要注意每段主要谈的是什么，贯穿在文章中的是什么主题。NextPage阅读理解：John Grisham was born on February 2，1955，in Jonesboro，Arkansas，in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America，stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981，Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven，specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation（诉讼）. In 1983，he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.One day at the Dessoto County courthouse，Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girls father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel，called A Time to Kill，which was published in 1988. Grishams next novel，The Firm，was one of the biggest hits of 1991，spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his wife and two children，dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville，Virginia. When hes not writing，Grisham devotes time to charitable causes，including mission trips with his church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player，and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26 Little League teams.NextPage46.John Grisham is at present.A. a writer B. a lawyerC. a professional baseball player D. a congressman47.What inspired Grisham to write his first novel？A. A case of murder. B. A case of rape.C. His fathers experience.D. His life on the farm.48.The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on .A. how the girl was attackedB. the circumstances of the rape C. how the girls father took revengeD. how the case of rape was settled49.Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm？A. It was popular at the time of publication.B. It earned Grisham great fame.C. It brought Grisham wealth.D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.50.It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property .A. to achieve his lifes goal as a professional baseball playerB. to coach children in baseball C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenD. to provide facilities of baseball trainingNextPage答案解析：约翰格雷斯汉姆1955年2月2日出生于美国阿肯色州的琼斯伯勒。他的父亲是一名建筑工人，带着他们全家辗转于美国南部各州，在哪里能够找到工作，他们全家就在哪里停留。最后，他们在密西西比定居了。1981年毕业于法学院后，约翰格雷斯汉姆在南阿旺从事了近十年的法律工作，主要从事刑事辩护和个人伤害诉讼业务。1983年，他被选举为州参议院议员，一直任职到1990年。一天，在德索图县法院，约翰格雷斯汉姆听到了一个年仅12岁的强奸受害者的骇人听闻的证词。他决定写一本小说来探讨如果受害女孩的父亲杀死了强奸他女儿的罪犯将会发生什么。他开始每天早晨5点起床写他的小说，小说名叫谋杀时刻，这部小说于1988年出版。格雷斯汉姆随后出版的一部小说 公司 成为1991年最畅销的小说之一，连续47周位列 纽约时报 畅销书籍排行榜单之上。格雷斯汉姆与他的妻子和两个孩子住在一起，他们有时到他们在密西西比州的一个维多利亚风格的家里，这个房屋位于一个占地67英亩的农场里，有时他们又到弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔附近的一个占地约204英亩的种植园散心。 格雷斯汉姆不写作的时候，便把大部分时间投入慈善事业上，包括同他的教会团体参加传道旅行。他孩提时的梦想就是成为一名职业的棒球手，现在他是当地棒球小联盟的专员。他在自己的土地上建造了六个棒球场地，并接纳了26支小棒球联盟的孩子们在那里进行训练。NextPage46.【正确答案】A【考点类型】细节推断【解析过程】约翰格雷斯汉姆目前是 。A. 一名作家B. 一名律师C. 一名专业的棒球运动员D. 一名参议员线索：文章的第2段提到约翰格雷斯汉姆放弃了律师工作，投身到写作的工作中，表明选项A是正确答案。选项B和D的内容都是他以前想要做的工作，在文章的第1段明确提到了。选项C和原文的最后一段的内容不符合“As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player”表明他梦想成为一名棒球运动员。【考点提示】建议大家读题干的时候一定要注意一些关键的细节，比如时间、地点。47.【正确答案】B【考点类型】细节判断【解析过程】什么因素激发约翰格雷斯汉姆写他的第一部小说？A. 一个谋杀案件。B. 一起强奸案件。C. 他父亲的亲身体验。D. 他在农场的生活。线索：文章的第2段提到“Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old