英语Agreement主谓一致的课件和习题

Agreement,主谓一致,就近一致原则（2点）,语法一致原则（6点）,个体一致原则（8点）,意义一致原则（8点）,就近一致,就近一致,语法一致,1.主语+with(togetherwith,alongwith,),aswellas,including,ratherthan,besides,except,but,inadditionto,otherthan,like,notect.结构中，谓语与主语一致,2.不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数Eg:1.)Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.2.)Whenwedeliverthegoodshasntbeendecided.3.)Whenandwherewewillgohasntbeendecided.,*但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be+名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。Eg:1.)Whatyoudidwasright.2.)Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries.,3.定语从句中,“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”从句的谓语动词复数。若在oneof前有the,theonly,thevery修饰时，从句的谓语动词则用单数。Eg:1.)Sheisoneofthesewomenwho_theviolinwell.2.)Sheistheoneofthesewomenwho_theviolinwell.,play,plays,4.定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。Eg:I,who_yourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow.,5.在强调句中，如被强调的是句子的主语时，则that/who后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语一致eg:1.)ItisMikewhoalways_metostudymathsafterclass.2.)ItwasIratherthantheythat_punishedbytheboss.,am,helps,was,6.halfof./therestof./partof/plentyof/分数（%）+of.等作主语，谓语动词随of后的名词而变化。,个体一致1.由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。Eg.1.)Thewriterandteacherisheruncle.2.)Apoetandartistiscomingtodeliveraspeech.3.)Myclassmateandfriend_goingtopayavisittome.4.)Aforkandknifeisonthetable.5.)Warandpeaceisoftenpeoplestopic.,is,aknifeandfork一副刀叉;breadandbutter加黄油的面包;coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡;whiskyandsoda汽水saltandwater盐水aneedleandthread针线;ahorseandcart四轮马车;awatchandchain表链;acoatandtie;warandpeace战争与和平;truthandhonesty;medicalhelpandcureaimandend目的,2.and连接的两个或多个主语前如有each,every,no,manya(许多）等修饰时，谓语用单数。Eg.1.)Everytreeand(every)floweristobecutdown.2.)Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.3.)Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.4.)Inourcountryeachboyand(each)girlhasrighttoreceiveeducation.,3.表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词表示单位数量作主语时，被看作整体时谓语用单数。eg:Sixtyyearsisalongtime.Tendollarsisenoughforhim.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottoolongtobecarried.*如强调具体数目，则用复数。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.,4.“manya+单数名词/morethanone+单数名词/oneandahalf+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数eg:1.)manyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall.2.)Morethanonestudenthasturnedupatthemeeting.3.)Oneandahalfbananawaseatenbytheboy.,5.由some,any,every,no构成的不定代词,谓语动词用单数,6.eachof/eitherof./oneof谓语动词用单数.noneof/neitherof可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数eg:1.)Noneofusare/isperfect.2.)Neitherofthemknow/knowstheanswer.3.)Noneofthisworriesme./Noneofthismoneyismine.,*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。Neitherstatementwastrue.,7.主语是书名，剧名，报纸名，国名等复数形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用单数TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.8.带引号的词语作主语，谓语单数“I”istheninthletteroftheEnglishalphabet.,意义一致,1.集合名词family,class,team,group,crowd,audience,company,army,enemy,government,population作主语，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数eg:书p5,2.集合名词cattle,clothes,people,thepolice表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people民族（可数名词，peoples),3.主语是单复数同形的名词deer,sheep,fish鱼,series系列,species物种,means手段,works工厂,aircraft飞行器,ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。Eg:1.)Anewmeanshasbeenused.2.)Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.,4.以-s结尾的一些词theOlympicGames,manners,remains,earnings,belongings,goods,surroundings,winnings,leavings,ect.表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数,5.physics,politics,mathematics等一些以“-ics”结尾的词，指学科时属单数，谓语动词用单数。eg.1.)Physicsisnotdifficulttolearn.2.)Mathematicsisasubjectstudiedinnearlyeveryschool.注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用复数。Mymathematicsareweek.Whatareyourpolitics政治信仰/见解?,6.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves,socks,slippers,scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，*但如果前有a/thepairof,a/thesuitof等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair,suit等一致，用单数。,Eg.1)Mytrousersareverynice.2)Apairofshoesisunderthebed.,7.主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。,Eg:1.)Whichismorevaluable,healthorwealth?2.)Whichareprettier,theseorthose?3.)wehadsomepaper,buttherestwasputback.,*the+adj.表示一类抽象概念时，谓语也单数Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.Thecomplicateisdifficulttounderstand.,8.“the+形容词”做主语时，表示一类人或物时，谓语动词为复数；表示具体一个个体时，谓语动词为单数。Eg.1)Theyoungarebetteratlearningnewthings.2)Theyoungismyuncle.,90题21Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered2.89题27NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be3.87题15Allbutone_herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were,答案,Multiplechoice:1.Onthewall_twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging(C85)2.“Newsofvictories_pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecompanycommandersaid.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.havekept(C85)3.There_alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has(C86)4.Zhangsfamily_ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was(C85)5.NobodybutJane_thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown(C86),Multiplechoice:6.Allbutone_herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were(C87NO.45)7.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered(C90NO.20),8.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.b