雅思阅读之是非完成句子和图表题

雅思阅读之完成句子题题型要求:每个题目都是一个陈述句，但留有一个到两个空格，要求根据原文填空。例题1：The international community has begun to demandl 绝大部分题目有字数要求，要严格按照字数要求答题l 少部分题目无字数要求的，一般不会超过4个字l 与简答题很类似。解题步骤： 关键词，定位。 阅读，理解，确定答案。 顺序性NOTICE1. 所填答案必须符合语法。2. 绝大部分的答案来自原文原词。3. 答案字数不会很长。若发现找到的答案字数很多，首先应怀疑自己找错答案的位置。例题2：原文：In addition to basic residence fees, most universities make minor additional charges for items such as registration fees, damage deposits, and power charges.题目：As well as the basic college residence fees, additional charges are usually made, but are describes as_有的同学可能会答registration fees, damage deposits, and power charges，因为字数太多，所以应首先怀疑是错误的。正确答案应为minor。即附加费用被描述为是少量的，微不足道的。4. 要特别注意顺序性。由于这种题型的定位比较难，所以要特别注意顺序性的运用。一道题若找了很长时间，很多段落也没有找到答案，可能是因为题目中的关键词和原文中的相应词对应不明显，答案位置已经过去了，可以先做下一题。 这种题型比较难，难定位，所以通常出现为一篇文章的第二种或第三种题型。它与前面的题型也构成顺序性，即这种题型第一题的答案位置绝大部分应在前一种题型的最后一题的答案位置之后。P138例题3：1 “It is better to give than to receive”; “Never look a gift horse in the mouth”; Beware of Greeks (ancient, of course) bearing gifts. Gifts are a fundamental element of culture and our lives as social creatures. They are also an important part of our business relationships.2 There are occasions when giving a gift surpasses spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity. Present a simple gift to your host in a foreign country and the chances are he or she will understand you perfectly, though you may not understand a single word of each others language. It can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciations of their hospitality and the importance you place upon the relationship. Combine the act of giving with some knowledge of and sensitivity to the culture of the recipient and you have an invaluable chance to earn respect and lay the foundations of a durable and mutually beneficial business relationship.3 For all countries, take account of climate, especially in regard to clothing. Some gifts can be ruined by extremely hot or humid climates, possibly causing their receiver considerable anguish. Consider the kinds of products that are abundant in the country concerned and try for something that is uncommon there. Think about the level of language skills: a book with hundreds of pages of English text may be at best useless, at worst embarrassing, to a person with limited English. Inform yourself as much as possible about local customs, rules and etiquette, especially to do with wrapping, presenting, superstitions迷信, taboos禁忌 and, importantly, customs and quarantine隔离，检疫 regulations. The following is a brief account of the etiquette礼仪 of gift-giving in some countries of Asia and the Middle East.Questions 1-4Statements 1-4 are based on the Reading Passage above. Complete the statements by using ONE word from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in the spaces numbered 1-4 on the answer sheet.1 Differences in culture and _can be overcome by gifts.2 Overseas visitors are advised to give gifts to their_3 _should be considered when giving gifts such as thick clothing.4 To present a gift of chocolates in a tropical country might create_练习：1. Climate change is a legitimate worry. Although still riddled with uncertainties, the science of climate change is becoming firmer: put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might end up cooking the earth, with possibly catastrophic results. But here again, switching immediately to nuclear power is not the best response. Cutting the hefty subsidies that go to the worlds coal producers would help tilt the worlds energy balance towards natural gas, which gives off much less carbon dioxide. Developing countries subsidise electricity prices to the tune of up to $120 billion a year, according to World Bank estimates. If prices reflected the true costs of generation, electricity demand would fall, thus cutting greenhouse emissions.2. Once the tough job of cutting subsidies is over, governments might want to reduce greenhouse gases further. Again there are carbon-free energies that merit more subsidies than nuclear. The costs of many renewable technologies, such as solar and wind power, have fallen dramatically in recent decades.3. Moreover, supporting nuclear power to ward off climate change means swapping one environmental risk for another. Voters in many countries fear radiation like the plague. The risks of nuclear accidents may be tiny, but when they happen they can be catastrophic. Renewables are not without their environmental disadvantages (wind turbines, for example, can be unsightly on hilltops), but are much cleaner than nuclear. The billions rich countries each year pump into nuclear research would be better spent on renewable instead.4. Having been invented, nuclear powers will not disappear. The nuclear industry still has a job to do, running existing nuclear plants to the end of their lives as cheaply and safely as possible. For now, the case for nuclear power is full of holes. Asia should resist the temptation to throw its money into them.Questions 1-5 Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. complete the following statements. Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.1. Two carbon-free forms of energy are . . . and . . .2. The main environmental risk attached to nuclear power is . . .3. One disadvantage of . . . is that they spoil the landscape4. Money presently used for nuclear research could be better spent on . . .5. The nuclear industry should operate nuclear power plants . . .雅思阅读之填图表题题型要求：l 题目中有一个图表或表格，其中一些信息已经给出，一些信息缺失，要求按照文章意思填空。一般没有选项可以选择。l 题型一般分类有：1) 时间，事件及人物。图表中是原文中的一些事件及其发生时间和涉及人物，给出一些已知信息，要求填其余的。时间往往只涉及年代不会涉及到具体日期。要求填涉及的事件，往往答案要填动名词或名词形式，即要将文中的动词改写。例题4：时间1地点1？事件1时间2？人物2？地点3人物3事件32) 数字及排位。这时要分清楚要求填的是具体的数字还是相应的排位。题目要求中一般用rank一词表示排位也可以看题目所给的例子。3) 物体的构成及功能。文章的某一段提到了一个物体，讲述了它的构造和各部分的功能。题目是该物体的简图，给出一些部分的名称及功能，要求填其余部件的名称及功能。所填信息常集中于原文中的一个段落。4) 流程图。文章的某一段提到了做一件事情的过程，题目以流程图的形式描述这个过程，要求填其中几个环节的内容。5) 抽象名词。图表中常常是文章中提到的一些事物，根据图表关系填空，通常是分类关系。所填信息集中于原文中的一个段落。6) 题目类型较多，所填内容五花八门，但一般较容易，有的定位容易，或集中出现在一部分文章中。解题步骤： 关键词。若涉及时间数字的，他们肯定是关键词；若无，则根据题目的意思，在已知的信息中确定关键词。 定位，阅读，确定答案。 顺序性。NOTICE1. 注意题目要求字数。2. 绝大部分答案是原文原词。3. 一般比较简单，注意快速答题。4. 注意大小写、单复数和数字的单位（如有例词，要保持一致）P141例题5：Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman are about 20,000(approx. US 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and employee stress, which affect organizational outcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e. physical, psychological and mental well-being.Question 1-3Complete the notes below with words taken from the paragraph above. Use NO MORE THAN ONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.i. Low job satisfactionii.Lack of organizational commitmentiii. Employee stressPoor person-environment fit(2) individual outcomes (1) Organizational outcoms a. Low production ratesb. High rates of staffchangec. (3) absenteeism a. Poor healthb. Poor psychological healthc. Poor mental health原文题目ProductivityLow production ratesHigh labour turnover翻覆，成交量，营业额High rates of staff changePhysicalPoor healthP151例题6：1 There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.2 Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machinery is used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulsing process the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.Questions 1-5Look at paragraphs above and using the information in the passage, complete the flow chart below. Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. Use ONE OR TWO WORDS for each answer.Waste paper collected from:Factories Retail stores The paper is then(1)_ (2)_Paper converters and printersHouseholds and (3)_ by adding waterThe fibres are then Fibres are(4)_,when chemicals are (5)_ added.雅思阅读之TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题型要求：l 题目是若干个陈述句，要求根据原文所给的信息，判断每个陈述句是对，错还是未提及。这种题型的难度在于，在对和错之外还有第三种状态：未提及。很多同学难以区分“错”和“未提及”。l 实际上，这种题型本身有一定缺陷，即不严密。有些题目很难自圆其说。但大多数题目还是有规律可循的。这种题目只是语言的理解类题目，决不是逻辑分析类题目。千万不要遇到它就马上紧张起来，将原文和题目一个字一个字的对比。这样做的结果肯定是错题。这里我们来举一个典型的列子：原文：某君是个男人。题目1：某君不是个女人。题目2：某君是个女人。题目3：某君是个老师。分析：原文的意思是某君这个人的性别是男性。题目1这个某君不是个女人。这句子看起来虽然和原文不同但是意思是一样的，所以选TRUE。题目2这个某君是个女人。这个句子显然和原文相反。所以选FALSE。题目3这个某君是个老师。这句子和原文没有关系。原文说的是某君这个人的性别，没有提到他的职业。所以是不是老师不知道，答案是NOT GIVEN。判断顺序：关键词，定位，精读，确定答案 关键词A+考点如果原文没有提到A 答案是NOT GIVEN如果原文出现了A的语言重现 如果题目中考点的判断与原文的相同 都说A 增加，变多，答案是TURE如果题目中考点的判断与原文不同，答案是非TRUE。接着还有一层判断即FALSE和NOT GIVEN。 如果题目中考点的判断与原文矛盾 相反，如文章说A减少，则FALSE如果题目中考点的判断在原文中得不到，即原文中没有说A的变化，答案是NOT GIVEN。TRUE特别提示：不要苛刻的要求题目与原文之间必须珠联璧合。这是不可能的，只要判断的方向一致，答案就是TRUE情况一：题目是原文的同义转述。通常用同义词或同义结构。例题7：原文：Few are more than five years old. 很少超过五年的。题目：Most are less than five years old. 大多数都小于五年。解析：题目与原文是同义结构，所以答案是TRUE。例题8：原文：Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to Explain their demise. 青蛙失去了生存下来的生态竞争能力，生物学家不能解释他们的死亡。题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying. 生物学家不能解释为什么青蛙死亡。解析：题目中的are unable to与原文中的are at a loss to 是同义词，题目中的why frogs are dying与原文中的their demise是同义词，所以答案是TRUE。例题9：原文：Women could not take part and were forbidden, on pain of death, even to attend the Games. 妇女不能参加甚至禁止出席这个运动会。题目；The spectators, as well as the participants, of the ancient Olympics were male. 古代奥运会的观众和参加者都是男的。解析：题目中的spectators与原文中的attend是同义词，题目中的participants与原文中的take part是同义词，所以答案是TRUE。情况二：题目是根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成。避免过度推断。例题10：原文：Compare our admission inclusive fares and see how much you save. Cheapest is not the best and value for money is guaranteed. If you compare our bargain Daybreak fares, bewaremost of our competitors do not offer an all inclusive fare. 比较我们包含的费用会看到你省了很多钱。最便宜的不是最好的。如果你比较我们的价格，会发现绝大多数的竞争对手不提供一揽子费用。题目：Daybreak fares are more expensive than most of their competitors. Daybreak的费用比绝大多数的竞争对手都昂贵。解析：虽然文章没有直接提到Daybreak的费用比绝大多数的竞争对手昂贵，但从原文几句话中可以推断Daybreak和绝大多数竞争对手相比，收费更高，但服务项目更全面。与题目的意思一致，所以选TRUE。例题11：原文：For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if response are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes-still quite a rapid response-the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced. 例如，只有反应时间在警察接到电话之后1-2分钟，快速反应才会使抓住罪犯的可能性更大。当反应时间增加到3-4分钟，仍然是非常快的反应，抓住罪犯的可能性就实质性的降低了。题目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught. 1-2分钟的反应延迟会对嫌疑犯是否被抓住产生实质性的影响。解析：从原文的两句话可以推断出：1-2分钟，抓住罪犯的可能很大，3-4分钟，可能性就实质性的降低了。所以，1-2分钟的反应延迟会对嫌疑犯是否被抓住产生实质性的影响。答案为TRUE。FALSE 明显的FALSE VS. 鬼鬼祟祟的FALSE情况一：题目与原文直接相反。通常用反义词、not加同义词以及反义结构。例题12：原文：You may qualify for the Common Internet Group system, if you are one of at least ten adults who are traveling together. 如果你是至少10个一起旅行的成人中的一个，你可能会适合Common Internet Group模式。题目：The Common Internet Group scheme does not apply if there are 11 adults in the group. 如果一个组里有11个成人，Common Internet Group模式就不适合了。解析：可以看出，题目与原文直接相反，答案为FALSE。例题13：原文：A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. 当最后一个个体死亡时，这个种族就灭亡了。题目：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists. 当只有一个个体存活时，一个物种就被认为灭亡了。解析：可以看出题目和原文是反义结构。原文说一个物种死光光才叫灭绝，而题目说还有一个个体存活时，就叫灭绝，题目与原文直接相反，选FALSE。情况二：并列条件both。and。，also VS. 其中一个条件（出现must或only）例题14：原文：Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in the mens Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union. 自从冬奥会开始，在男子越野滑雪项目中的56块金牌中的55块被来自北欧和前苏联的选手获得。题目：Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the mens winter Olympics. 只有北欧选手获得了冬奥运会男子越野滑雪项目中的金牌。解析：原文是北欧和前苏联人获得了金牌，而且是56块中的55块，还有一块不知道谁获得。题目是只有北欧人获得金牌。所以选FALSE。情况三：理论或感觉 VS. 客观事实，或已被证实原文强调是一种“理论”或“感觉”，常有feel、consider 及theory等词。题目则强调是一种“事实”，常有fact及prove等词。例题15：原文：But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized. 但一般来说，冬季项目被感觉是很专门化的。题目：The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized. Antwerp运动会证明冬季项目是很专门化的。解析：原文中有feel，强调感觉。题目中有prove，强调事实。选FALSE。例题16：原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increase are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs. 另一种理论是世界范围温度的升高破坏了青蛙的生长循环。题目：It is fact that frogs breeding cycles are upset by worldwide increases in temperature. 一个事实是青蛙的生长循环被世界范围温度的升高所破坏。解析：原文中有theory，强调是“理论”。题目中有fact，强调“事实”.FALSE.情况四：原文与题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词。原文中常用many，sometimes及unlikely等词。题目中则用all，usually，always及impossible等词。例题17：原文：Frogs are sometimes poisonous. 青蛙有时是有毒的。题目：Frogs are usually poisonous. 青蛙通常有毒。解析：原文强调“有时”，题目中用通常。所以选FALSE。情况五：原文中包含条件状语，题目中去掉条件成分。原文中包含条件状语，如if、unless或if not，也可能是用介词短语表示条件状语，如in、with、but for或except for。题目中去掉了这些表示条件状语的成分，这时，答案为FALSE。例题18：原文： The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. Internet通常被媒体指责为是年轻的计算机用户手中的危险工具。题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous. 媒体经常指责Internet，因为它是危险的。解析：原文中有表示条件状语的介词短语in the hands of young computer users，题目将其去掉了。答案为FALSE。NOT GIVEN情况一：题目中的一些或全部内容在原文中没有提及。情况二：题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围，也就是更具体。原文涉及一个较大范围的范畴，而题目是一个具体的概念。也就是说，题目中涉及的范围比原文要小。例题19：原文：Our computer club provides printer. 我们计算机俱乐部提供打印机。题目：Our computer club provides color printer. 我们计算机俱乐部提供彩色打印机。例题20：原文：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from Europe.题目：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from the UK.情况三：原文是某人的目标、目的、想法、愿望、保证、发誓等，题目是事实。原文中常用aim、purpose、promise、swear、vow等词。题目中用了实意动词。例题21：原文：He vowed he would never come back. 他发誓他将永远不回来了。题目：He never came back. 他没有再回来。例题22：原文：His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport. 他的目的是把各国的运动员每四年一次聚集到友好的业余运动的赛场上。题目：Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics. 只有业余运动员被允许在现代奥运会中竞争。情况四：题目中有比较级，原文中没有比较。例题23：原文：In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets. 在悉尼，有各种各样的餐馆。题目：There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past. 现在有更多种类的餐馆可供选择。NOTICE 一定要依据原文，不能凭借自己的知识。原文是判断答案的唯一标准。所以，无论你对文章的内容和背景多么的熟悉，或者你的知识面多么的广，都不能凭借自己的只是来确定答案。即使题目说“地球是正方形的”,如果文章中没说，你只能答NOT GIVEN,而不是FALSE. 可以根据原文做适当的推断，但不能做无根据的自行推断或过度推断。有些题目需要依据原文作适当的推断才能确定答案，但必须是根据原文来推断，不能做毫无根据的推断。而且一般来说，即使有推断，也是做一步的推断，不要推得很深。切忌想得太多。 要注意题目要求答什么。TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN或T/F/NG或YES/NO/NOT MENTIONED 题目中若出现must，only，all及always，答案一般不是TRUE 答案选择有一定规律，题目数大于5，三个可能都出现；5个一下则不确定。可以连续三个都是同一个答案，不超过四个。 要相信自己的第一感觉，不要轻易改答案 要注意上述规律和方法的运用，不要钻牛角尖。这种题型本身有一定缺陷，所以如不理解上述方法，记住，考试时照做即可，因为这些规律都是经过实践检验的。练习：Questions 1-9Do the statements below agree with the information in the sentence above them?Write:TRUE if the statement agrees with the information in the textFALSE if the statement contradicts the information in the textNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say whether the statement agrees with or contradicts the information in the text1. Many lecturers find their jobs very rewarding.A Many lecturers are well paid.B All lecturers get something positive from their work.C The majority of lecturers get satisfaction from their work.2. Computers are gaining in popularity, despite their cost.A Computers are getting cheaper.B Computers are expensive.C Computers used to be more popular than they are now.3. As a result of increasing affluence, an ever larger number of families now have two cars.A Most families nowadays have two cars.B People are getting richer.C Cars are becoming more exp