状语从句的省略及要点ppt课件

从属连词（SubordinatingConjunctions）从属连词是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。具体地说，从属连词主要引起状语从句。时间状语从句：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,instantly,directly,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan地点状语从句：where,wherever原因状语从句：as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat,notthatbutthat目的状语从句：that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase结果状语从句：that,sothat,suchthat条件状语从句：if,unless,suppose,supposing,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)让步状语从句：though,although,nomatter,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever,whether比较状语从句：than,as方式状语从句：as,asif,asthough,1,Theycamehereinorderthattheyexplainedthemattertous.2.IwontbelieveituntilIwillhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.3.Thegirltalksasifshehasbeentothemoon.4.Themansmokesasmuchashisfather10yearsago.5.NosoonerwasheherethanItoldhimaboutit.,1.Whentimewenton,histheoryprovedtoberight.2.Althoughitrainsheavily,weshallstillgoout.3.Childalthoughheis,heknowsalot.4.Becauseyouhaventpreparedit,welldelayouraction.5.Thereissuchlittleworkthatsuchlittleboyscanfinishitsoon.,一、从句谓语动词形式错误,二、从句引导词使用错误,2,1.Attheageoffive,hisfatherdied.2.ToimproveyourEnglish,readingisnecessary.3.Beingafineday,wewentoutforaplay.4.Whilewaitingforthebus,mywalletmissed.5.Givingmoretime,Icandoitbetter.,三、主状不一错误,3,点击高考状语从句中的省略,Ellipsis,4,1.Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.2.IllbuyaTVsetifitisnecessary.3.Shestoodatthegateasifshewaswaitingforsomeone.4.Hewasaswimmerwhenhewasachild.5.Thoughitiscold,heworeashirt.6.WhileIwaswalkingaloneinthestreet,mynamewascalled.,什么时候可以省略?怎么省略?,spokento,necessary,waitingforsomeone,achild,7.WhileIwaswalkingwalkingaloneinthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.,Thoughcold,hewereashirt.,Whilewalkingaloneinthestreet,mynamewascalled.,walkingalonethestreet,5,:什么时候可以省略?怎么省略?在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。,1._(在北京的时候),IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.2._(当是个年轻人的时候),AbrahamLincolnwasastorekeeperandapostmaster.3.Hehasnomoney._(要是有的话),hewillgiveus.4._(除非修理),themachineisofnouse.5._(要是给更多的关注),Theboycouldhaveturnedoutbetter.6.Agirlstoodatthegateoftheschoolasif_(跟老师讲话).,When/WhileinBeijing,When/Asayoungman,Ifany,Unlessrepaired,Ifgivenmoreattentionto,talkingwithateacher,6,一、在含有状语从句的复合句中1.when，while，as,once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；2.if，unless引导的条件状语从句；3.though，although，evenif，eventhough引导的让步状语从句；4.asthough，asif，as引导的方式状语从句；5.wherever引导的地点状语从句,若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。,再强调：,7,1.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.(NMET2003安徽春)A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee,asifhewasgoingtoseewhether,Heshookhisheadasif(hewasgoing)tosay:“Donttrusther”.,8,:省略在Asif引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多.,1.Tomraisedhishandasif(hewasgoing)tosaysomething.2.Heactedasif(hewas)afool.3.Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.4.Hestaredatthegirlasif(hewas)seeingherforthefirsttime.5.Theplayerisrollingonthegroundasif(hewas)hurtbadly.6.Heopenedthedrawerasif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.,:asif用于省略句中,如果asif引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样asif后就只剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。,_,_(好象要说什么),_(好象他是个傻瓜),_(好象生气了),_,_(好象是第一次看到她),_,_(好象严重受伤了).,_,_(好象在寻找重要的东西),9,高考链接：1.Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(NMET2004全国卷II)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen_atthemeetingbymyboss.(NMET2004全国卷IV)A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned,10,3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.(NMET2003安徽春)A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee4.Generallyspeaking,_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(NMET2003上海卷)A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken,11,5.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(NMET2003上海春)A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited6.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(NMET2002上海春)A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted,12,7.Though_money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.(NMET2002上海卷)A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin8._toldtostop,theexcitedchildrenkeptontalkinginclass,soIgotangry.A.AsB.WhenC.WhileD.Though,13,1.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导。WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方树很多。WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。,14,2.方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as,(just)asso,asif,asthough引导。1）as,(just)asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。）,15,2）asif,asthough两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverexisted.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气),16,Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。,17,3原因状语从句比较：because,since,as和for1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。Ididntgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.,18,4.目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase等词引导，例如：Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat(lest)heshouldforgetit.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.,19,5.结果状语从句结果状语从句常由sothat或suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。比较：so和such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配。,20,sofoolishsuchafoolsoniceaflowersuchaniceflowersomany/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.suchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeople（somany已成固定搭配，alotof虽相当于many，但alotof为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。Theboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecantgotoschool.,21,6.条件状语从句连接词主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat等。.if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless=ifnot.Letsgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.Ifyouarenottootied,letsgooutforawalk.,22,7.让步状语从句1）though,although注意：当有though,although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用Althoughitsraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Thoughthesorebehealed,yetascarmayremain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）典型例题_sheisyoung,sheknowsquitealot.A.WhenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。,23,2)as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.注意：a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。3)everif,eventhough.即使Wellmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.4)whetheror-不管都Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.,24,5)nomatter+疑问词或疑问词+后缀everNomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.替换：nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however注意：nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.（对）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.(Whateveryousay是主语从句)（错）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhattheyregiven,（对）Prisonershavetoeatwhatevertheyregiven.,25,8.比较while,when,as1）as,when引导短暂性动作的动词。Justas/Justwhen/WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.3）从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when或while。Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。,26,9.比较until和till此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：Isleptuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。WaittillIcallyou.等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替Letsgetinthewheatbeforethesunsets.）否定句：Shedidntarriveuntil6oclock.她直到6点才到。Dontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。Ididntmanagetodoituntilyouhadexplainedhow.直到你教我后，我才会做。,27,1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。2)Untilwhen疑问句中，until要放在句首。-Untilwhenareyoustaying?你呆到什么时候？-UntilnextMonday.呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。(1）Notuntil在句首，主句用倒装。Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到19世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。(2)Itisnotuntilthat,28,10.表示一就的结构hardly/scarcelywhen/before,nosoonerthan和assoonas都可以表示“一就”的意思，例：Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.注意：如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.,29,1.-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant_,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingit,2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,3.-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbehappyto,B,A,D,链接其他省略,30,动词不定式的省略:在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定