高级英语Lesson_15_No_Signposts_in_the_Sea.ppt

Lesson15,NoSignpostsintheSeaV.Sackville-West,Abouttheauthor,VictoriaMarySackville-West(1892-1962),anEnglishpoetandnovelist.BorninKnoleCastle,theseatoftheSackvillefamilyfromthetimethatQueenElizabethIgaveKnoletohercousin,LordTreasurerThomasSackville.AmemberoftheBloomsburygroup(布卢姆斯伯里团体.19071930年间经常在伦敦布卢姆斯伯里区一些人家里聚会讨论美学和哲学问题的一批英国作家、哲学家和艺术家。主要成员有福斯特、斯特雷奇、C.贝尔、画家V.贝尔(18791961)和D.格兰特(18851978)、J.M.凯恩斯、费边社作家L.吴尔夫(18801969)和吴尔夫(夫人)。,ShewasborninKnoleCastle,KnoleisanEnglishstatelyhome(富丽堂皇的住宅)inthetownofSevenoaksinwestKent,surroundedbya1,000-acre(4.0km2)deerpark.,BloomsburyGroup,TheBloomsburyGroupwasaninformalgroupofliteraryandartisticfriendswholivedinornearLondonduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Theirworksdeeplyinfluencedliterature,aesthetics,criticism,andeconomicsaswellasmodernattitudestowardsfeminism,pacifism,andsexuality.TheBloomsburyGroupcamefrommostlyuppermiddle-classprofessionalfamilies.AlmosteverythingaboutBloomsburyappearstobecontroversial,includingitsmembershipandname.Same-sexrelationsarecommonamongtheBloomsburyGroup,In1913,marriedtodiplomatandcriticHaroldNicolson(1886-1968)HerpassionateaffairswithwomenlikenovelistVirginiaWoolf,etc.(Bisexuality)Herworks,Aftertheirmarriage,theytraveledwidelywhenhewasinforeignoffice.Atfirstsheplayedherroleasadutifulwife,butthenherhusbandadmittedthathehadamalelover.Themarriageendureddespitetheirhomosexualaffairs,butHaroldsaffairswerelesspassionatethanVitas.Theyhadtwochildren,theartcriticBenedictNicholsonandthepublisherNigelNicholson.,HaroldNicolson,弗吉尼亚伍尔夫VirginiaWoolfBritishfamousnovelist,hadgreatcontributioninnovelcreationandliteraryreview.AlsooneofthemostfamousnovelistsofStreamofconsciousnessintheworld.Forerunneroffeminism,GreatlyinfluencedbyideasofFreudianpsychologyandfeministandhomosexual.,Herworks,Aprolificwriter,VictoriaSackville-Westauthored15novels,aswellasbiographiesandtravelbooks.,HerbestKnownPoetryToday,TheLand(1926)helpedhertogaintheinitialrecognitioninthefieldofliteraryworks,throughwhichshewasawardedHawthorndonPrizeandwaspraisedasoneofthemostbeautifulbucolics(田园风味的)inEnglishliterature.,HerbestKnownNovelsToday,TheEdwardiansAllPassionSpent,BothwerebestsellersandportrayedEnglishupper-classmannersandlife,Honour,TheLand,wontheHawthorndenPrizein1927Shewonitagain,becomingtheonlywritertodoso,in1933withherCollectedPoems.In1946Sackville-WestwasmadeaCompanionofHonor(名誉勋爵士)forherservicestoliterature.,HawthorndenPrize霍桑登奖,TheHawthorndenPrize,theoldestofthefamousBritishliteraryprizes,wasfoundedin1919byAliceWarrender.ItisawardedannuallytoanEnglishwriterforthebestworkofimaginativeliterature.Itisespeciallydesignedtoencourageyoungauthors.,Aboutthenovel,The144-pagenoveliswrittenintheformofjournal,narratedbyEdmundCarr,50,aneminentpoliticalcolumnistandabachelor.Hehasrecentlydiscoveredthathehasonlyashorttimetolive.Howshallhespendthem?Inthisquandary(困惑),hedecidestoleavehisjobonaFleetStreetpaper,andtakesapassageonacruiseshipwhereheknowsthatLaura,abeautifulandintelligentwidowwhomhesecretlyadmires,willbeafellowpassengertoFarEast.,ThefirstweekatseagiveCarrspecialexperiences:thereleasefrompressure,thelackadaisical(懒洋洋的,感伤的)rhythmsofshiplife,theshiftingpanoramaofmagnificentskiesandsea,passingshoresandtheinfrequentports-of-call,aswellashisgrowingknowledgeofLaura.ExhilaratedbythedistantvistaofexoticislandsnevertobevisitedandhisconversationswithLaura,Edmundfindshimselfrethinkingallhisvalues.,CarrsgrowingloveforLaura,despitehisself-acknowledgementthatshemustbeunattainableforhim,shattersthisexpandingfelicity.Ahandsome,pompousyetunpredictablyengaging(动人的,有魅力的)colonelformathreesomewiththem.Carrisfullofjealousyanddisappointmentindealingwithhis“rival”Avoyageonmanylevels,thoselongpurposelessdaysatseafindEdmundrelinquishingthepastashediscoversthejoysandthepainofaloveheissimultaneouslydeterminedtoconceal.,Thishaunting,elegiactaleaboutthesecretloveofamandestinedshortlytodie,waspublishedintheyearbeforetheauthorsdeathandisherlastnovel.,EdmundCarrisatseainmorewaysthanone.Aneminentjournalistandself-mademan,hehasrecentlydiscoveredthathehasonlyashorttimetolive.LeavinghisjobonaFleet,Streetpaper,hetakesapassageonacruiseshipwhereheknowsthatLaura,abeautifulandintelligentwidowwhomhesecretlyadmires,willbeafellowpassenger.Exhilaratedby,thedistantvistaofexoticislandsnevertobevisitedandhisconversationswithLaura,Edmundfindshimselfrethinkingallhisvalues.Avoyageonmanylevels,thoselongpurposeless,daysatseafindEdumndrelinquishingthepastashediscoversthejoysandthepainofaloveheissimultaneouslydeterminedtoconceal.THEEND,VitaSackville-West,NoSignpostsintheSea,New,BriefIntroduction,Sony,Questiononthetextfordiscussionandreflection:,1.Supposeonehasbeeninformedthatonesdaysintheworldarenumbered,whatdoyouthinkonemaychoosetodoasthebestoption?2.Whatdoeslife/lifevalue(s)meantoyou?3.WhatsyourperceptionofHappiness?,ThreedaystoseeHelenKellerAllofushavereadthrillingstoriesinwhichtheherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasayear;sometimesasshortastwenty-fourhours.Butalwayswewereinterestedindiscoveringjusthowthedoomedmanchosestospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.Ispeak,ofcourse,offreemenwhohaveachoice,notcondemnedcriminalswhosesphereofactivitiesisstrictlydelimited.Suchstoriessetusthinking,wonderingwhatweshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.Whatevents,whatexperiences,whatassociationsshouldwecrowdintothoselasthoursasmortalbeings?Whathappinessshouldwefindinreviewingthepast,whatregrets?SometimesIhavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.Suchanattitudewouldemphasizesharplythevaluesoflife.Weshouldliveeachdaywithgentleness,vigor,andakeennessofappreciationwhichareoftenlostwhentimestretchesbeforeusintheconstantpanoramaofmoredaysandmonthsandyearstocome.Therearethose,ofcourse,whowouldadopttheEpicurean(享乐主义的)mottoof“Eat,drink,andbemerry.”Butmostpeoplewouldbechastenedbythecertaintyofimpendingdeath.,Instoriesthedoomedheroisusuallysavedatthelastminutebysomestrokeoffortune,butalmostalwayshissenseofvaluesischanged.Hebecomesmoreappreciativeofthemeaningoflifeanditspermanentspiritualvalues.Ithasoftenbeennotedthatthosewholive,orhavelived,intheshadowofdeathbringamellowsweetnesstoeverythingtheydo.Mostofus,however,takelifeforgranted.Weknowthatonedaywemustdie,butusuallywepicturethatdayasfarinthefuture.Whenweareinbuoyanthealth,deathisallbutunimaginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.Sowegoaboutourpettytasks,hardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.,Thesamelethargy,Iamafraid,characterizestheuseofallourfacultiesandsenses.Onlythedeafappreciatehearing,onlytheblindrealizethemanifoldblessingsthatlieinsight.Particularlydoesthisobservationapplytothosewhohavelostsightandhearinginadultlife.Butthosewhohaveneversufferedimpairmentofsightorhearingseldommakethefullestuseoftheseblessedfaculties.Theireyesandearstakeinallsightsandsoundshazily,withoutconcentrationandwithlittleappreciation.Itisthesameoldstoryofnotbeinggratefulforwhatwehaveuntilweloseit,ofnotbeingconsciousofhealthuntilweareill.Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeingwerestrickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearlyadultlife.Darknesswouldmakehimmoreappreciativeofsight;silencewouldteachhimthejoysofsound.,Topicsfordiscussionandreflection,Whatisthegeneralfunctionofa“signpost”?Whatisthespecialfeatureofasea?Whatcanyoupredictabouttheimplicationofthetitleofthetext?,Signpost:ApostsupportingasignthathasinformationordirectionsSea:vast,noboundary,darkness,hopelessIdiom:atsea1)Onthesea,especiallyonaseavoyage;2)Inastateofconfusionorperplexity(困惑);ataloss;confused:Imall/completelyatseawiththenewcoins.Nosignpostinthesea:nohopeintheseaoflove;confusedinlife,1.Streamofconsciousness,Thestream-of-consciousnessnovelcommonlyusesthenarrativetechniquesofinteriormonologuewherenovelistsdescribetheunspokenthoughtsandfeelingsoftheircharacterswithoutresortingtoobjectivedescriptionorconventionaldialogue.,1.Streamofconsciousness,ProbablythemostfamousexampleisJamesJoycesUlysses(1922),acomplexevocationoftheinnerstatesofthecharactersLeopoldandMollyBloomandStephenDaedalus.OthernotableexamplesincludeLeutnantGustl(1901)byArthurSchnitzler,anearlyuseofstreamofconsciousnesstore-createtheatmosphereofpre-WorldWarIVienna;andWilliamFaulknersTheSoundandtheFury(1929),whichrecordsthefragmentaryandimpressionisticresponsesinthemindsofthreemembersoftheCompsonfamilytoeventsthatareimmediatelybeingexperiencedoreventsthatarebeingremembered.,Narrativetechniqueinnon-dramaticfictionintendedtorendertheflowofmyriadimpressionsvisual,auditory,physical,associative,andsubliminalthatimpingeontheconsciousnessofanindividualandformpartofhisawarenessalongwiththetrendofhisrationalthoughts.ThetermwasfirstusedbythepsychologistWilliamJamesinThePrinciplesofPsychology(1890).,Asthepsychologicalnoveldevelopedinthe20thcentury,somewritersattemptedtocapturethetotalflowoftheircharactersconsciousness,ratherthanlimitthemselvestorationalthoughts.Torepresentthefullrichness,speed,andsubtletyofthemindatwork,thewriterincorporatessnatchesofincoherentthought,ungrammaticalconstructions,andfreeassociationofideas,images,andwordsatthepre-speechlevel.,StreamofconsciousnessP.292.Iwonder.mostforbiddingonEarthP.293Mostpeoplewouldthinkintheworld.LonelinessandcontributionP.293InallthisgreatoutofsightFreeandserenelifeP.291OritmaybealloverEnglish.fog,2.Analogy,Analogyisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphor,whichusuallyconcentratesononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweenunlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.(thingsarealikeinseveral/manyrespects)Thefunctionofanalogydiffersalsofromthatofsimileormetaphor.Whilethelatterfiguresservetoheighteneffectwithvividimagery,analogyischieflyusedforthepurposeofpersuasionorfortheexplanationorexpositionofanidea.,Analogy（类比）,Itdrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.Itischieflyusedforthepurposeofpersuasionorfortheexplanationofanidea.Itisaneffectivewaytomaketheabstractconcrete.Thereisemotionalimpactintheanalogythatislackingintheabstractargument.e.g.thesheersteepcliffsforbidding,unapproachablepeoplethebarrenopensandybeachpeoplewhohavenothingtoreveal,AnalogyP.291Sometimeswefollowgiveataglance.P.293Thealbatross,itHowwiseisthealbatross,3.Poeticlanguage-poeticimage,poeticrhythm.,P.290:AndnowseehowI.ofsunset!P.291lookingatseahasdisturbedit.color;motionandstillness,4.Firstpersonperspective:I-intheformofajournal,TrueandnaturalrevelationofhistrueloveforLaura.Treatreadersashisclosefriendsandconfidehissecret-interactionalcommunication.,Homework1:,Identifyalloftherhetoricaldevicesinthetext.,Mainideasofthetext,Passage1CarrsobservationandappreciationofLauraPassage2HisacquaintancewiththeColonelandthereleasefromworkpressureprobablyunderLaurasunconsciousinfluencemakehimhaveareflectiononhislifeinthepastPassage3Achangeinperspective,Passage4UnfamiliarpeaceofthebodyandthepurificationofthesoulinthemoonlightPassage5HappinesswithLauratolookattheseabydayoratnightPassage6AdescriptionofthecoastlinewithdiversefeaturesleadstothedesiretoknowmoreaboutLaura.,Passage8.TheColonelswittyremarksandrichknowledgemadeCarrlearnandreflectonsth.andtaketohim,althoughheishisrivalPassage9ProbingintothesoulofhumansandmeaningofhappinessPassage10Pleasureinwatchingthesunsetforthegreenflash,Passage11Anotherchange-everythinginthewarmthofthesunwastohisliking.Passage12Hislifeatseabroughthimpeace,pleasureandaprofoundchangeinperspective.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Homework2:,Pickoutfromthetextallthewordsandphrasesdescribingcolours.,PassageI,CarrsobservationandappreciationofLaura,Informationfrompassage1,Whatcanyouinferfromthefirstpassage?First,CarrsitssomewherefarfromLaura,andisasecretadmirerofLaura/insurreptitiouslovewith,aninwardloveonLaura.ButwedontknowwhetherCarrdarenotexpresshislovebravely,onlyloveLaurainsecret.,Informationfrompassage1,Second,Carrisdifferentfromwhatheusedtobe,becauseinthepast,heneverpaidanyattentiontowomensdressing,buthenowismuchimpressedbyhowLauraisdressing.Third,Lauraisadistinctiveperson,differentfromothers,esp.inherdressing.Fourth,Carrsprofession,Wayoff,(anAmericanexpressionmeaning)farfromwhereyouare.Iheardthebellsfromwayoff.WayoffinthedistanceIcouldseethefamoustowersoftheManhattanskyline.Soshesatsomewayoff,weepingbitterly.Somewayoff:atadistanceAlongwayoff:inthedistance,Saloon,saloonvssalonSaloon:alargecomfortableroomwherepassengersonashipcansitandrelax;pubSalon:barbershop;abeautysalonafashionsalonaliterary/artsalon,haveaneyefor,haveaneyeforsomething:begoodatnoticingitormakingjudgmentsaboutit;tohaveakeenappreciationof;tobegoodatnoticingwhatisvaluableorattractive:v.很能鉴赏,很能看出,有判断力她很有审美能力。Shehasaneyeforbeauty.她很会欣赏音乐。Shehasagoodearformusic.Haveaneyeto=lookafter,catchoneseye.醒目；显眼；引人注意Assheturnedback,amovementacrossthelawncaughthereye.aneye-catchingadvertisement,cryoneseyesout(INFORMAL)大哭，哭肿眼睛，痛哭流涕keepaneyeonsomethingorsomeone照看；留神；密切注视Themotherkeepsaneyeonthechildrenthewholetime.Theyreusingvillagerstokeepaneyeoneachother,tospyoneachother.,eyeeyesYouuseeyewhenyouaretalkingaboutapersonsabilitytojudgethingsoraboutthewayinwhichtheyareconsideringordealingwiththings.Williamwasamanofdiscernment,withaneyeforquality.TheirchiefnegotiatorturnedhiscriticaleyeontheUnitedStates.Itdidnottakehispracticedeyelongtonoticethathewasnottheonlyonewhowashangingabout.Hefirstlearnttofishunderthewatchfuleyeofhisgrandmother.Withyoureyesopen:knowingfullywhattheproblems,difficulties,resultsetcofasituationmightbe.,Ihaveneverhadmuchofaneyeofwomen,Ihaveneverpaidmuchattentiontonorhaveeverhadakeenappreciationoftheclothesofwomen.,Rich,richcolorsRichcolorsandsoundsaredeepandverypleasant.Richsmellsarestrongandverypleasant.arichbanquet(luxurious,sumptuous)richwine(fullofstrengthandflavor)richodors(veryfragrant)richsoil(fertile,yieldinginabundance)arichmine(producinginabundance)arichprize(worthmuch,valuable),Venture,todareorhavethecourageorboldnesstoadvance,offer,orputforwardespeciallywhenrebuff,rejection,orcensureseemslikelytoensueToexpress(anopinion)attheriskofcriticism,objection,denialtosaysomething,especiallywhenyouareafraidofhowotherpeoplemayreacttoit:,Venture,Nooneelseventuredanopinion.NooneventuredahintofdoubtDontask,hesaid,wheneverGinnyventuredtoraisethesubject.=dareUpontheirresponsibletaxationhedoesventuretospeakplainly.v.冒险,冒昧(地说）,斗胆,胆敢(谦语),taketo,taketodoingsth：tobegindoingsomethingregularly:SandrahastakentogettingupearlytogojoggingDidthechildrentaketohim?.Thefirstserieswasreallybad.Butforsomereasonthepublictooktoit.tostarttolikesomeoneorsomething:Thetwowomentooktoeachotherrightaway.*takeagainst他老是跟他父亲唱反调。Hesalwaystakingagainsthisfather.,Passage2,HisacquaintancewiththeColonel,andthereleasefromworkpressureprobablyunderLaurasunconsciousinfluence,makehimhaveareflectiononhislifeinthepast.,WhoanEmpire-builder,InCarrseyes,Empire-buildersareallaggressivepeoplecausingoffenceanddisgust.Butthisone(amilitaryofficersenttothecolonies)isnotsobad.TheColonel,anEmpire-builderwhoisnottoodisgustinglyaggressive,sometimestriesto,Publicaffairs,publicaffairsIssues,questions,andresponsesinvolvingsocial,economic,governmental,military,scientific,orcorporateactivitiesthatareofconcerntothepeopleatlarge.公众事务：涉及到大多数人关心的社会、经济、政府、军事、科学或法人活动的论题，问题和回应apublicaffairsofficerforNASA;publicaffairsstaff.美国宇航局的公共事务官员；公共事务人员,Topical,Topicalisusedtodescribesomethingthatconcernsorrelatestoeventsthatarehappeningatthepresenttime.ThemagazinesaimistodiscusstopicalissueswithinaChristianframework.时事新闻topicalnewsThebookhasallthelivelytopicality(时事性,专题性)offirst-ratejournalism.,theRight,politicalpartiesorpeopleThepeopleandgroupswhoadvocatetheadoptionofconservativeorreactionarymeasures,especiallyingovernmentandpolitics.AlsocalledrightwingInBritain,theRightwas/wereinpowerafter1979.Hesamanofthefar(=extreme)right.,theLeft,Thepeopleandgroupswhoadvocateliberal,oftenradicalmeasurestoeffectchangeintheestablishedorder,especiallyinpolitics,usuallytoachievetheequality,freedom,andwell-beingofthecommoncitizensofastate.politicalgroupswhosupporttheideasandbeliefsofSOCIALISMAlsocalledleftwingTheleftopposethetaxincrease.左翼人士反对增税。,Iobserveaboreddistaste.,IwasoncesocompletelyabsorbedintheimportantaffairsoftheworldthatIdevotedallmyattention,timeandenergytothemandonlyoccasionallydidIallowmyselfalittlerestbyreadingpoetryorlisteningtomusic.Yetnowtheseworldproblemsnolongerholdanyinterestforme.Actually,Idislikethemandtheyboremenow.IfeelquiteamusedasIwatchhowthisdramaticchangeinperspectiveistakingplace.,SomeinstinctIneverhadtimefor,PerhapsbecauseIknowmydaysarenumbered,Iamimpelledbyinstincttoenjoymyselftothefullwithmorerefined,pleasantandsofterthings(ascomparedwithwritingpoliticalleadersandsoon)whichIneverhadtimetoenjoyinthepast.,OrmaybeLaurasout,OrmaybemysuppressedinclinationhasbeenbroughtoutunderLaurasunconscious(orunintentional)influence.,Informationfrompassage2,TheColonelisniceandwell-informed.Carrmaybealiberal,orperhapsaleftpolitically.Carrusedtobetheonewholikedtodiscusssth.tothefulllength,likedtoexceloverothers.Carrusedtolikepolitics,bigissuesintheworld,mildormediatelikeforpoetry,music.NowImenjoyingmyselftothefullwithmorerefined,pleasantandsofterthings,ascomparedwithwritingpoliticalleadersandsoon.,beguile,tocause(time)todwindleorvanishpainlesslyorwithoutbeingnoticed(by,with)消磨时间；消遣Topass(time)pleasantly.愉快地消磨（时间）e.g.Webeguiledthetimebytellingjokes.Thesevenpoemswerewrittentobeguilethetediumofasea,beguile,Ifsomethingbeguilesyou,youarecharmedandattractedbyit.迷住e.g.HispaintingsbeguiledthePrinceofWales.Hervoiceandeyesbeguiledme.,totheexclusionof,Ifyoudoonethingtotheexclusionofsomethingelse,youonlydothefirstthinganddonotdothesecondthingatall.(把除外；排斥)e.g.Aleadingmembershouldneverconcentrateallhisattentionononeortwoproblems,totheexclusionofothers.一个领导人不能把全部注意力只集中在一两个问题上而不顾其他问题。Shestudiesworldhistoryattheuniversity,totheexclusionofallothersubjects.她在大学里专攻世界历史,其他课未修。,Cram,ToforcesthintoasmallplaceShecrammedeverythingintoherlittleluggage.Toprepareyourselfforanexambyrote(死记硬背)learningalotofinformationquickly.Imcrammingfortomorrowstest.,inclination:afeelingthatmakesyouwanttoactinaparticularway(性格上的倾向，爱好),Likin