2014高考英语总复习 语法专题复习：第八讲 情态动词

第八讲情态动词,语法专题复习,考点透析1can(could)，beableto。can只有现在式和过去式could两种形式，beableto可用于现在式、过去式、将来时、完成时。要表示“能够做某事”，可用can或beableto，但若要说过去的确运用了某种能力做成了某件事情，就只能用was/wereableto，表将来具备的能力只能用will/shallbeableto。,(1)Ifyoustudyhard，youwillbeabletoexpressfreelyinEnglishinthreemonths.(2)Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.2could是can的过去式，但是在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，它表示语气的委婉。因此，用could提问时，不能用could回答，而要用can或may。would，might用于疑问句时也表委婉语气，回答时应该用will，may。,(1)CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes，ofcourseyoucan.(2)CouldIcallyoubythefirstname?Yes，youmay.(3)Wouldyoubesokindastoexplaintheword?Yes，Iwill.Whatisit?3may/might，can/could都可表示可能，但may/might不能用于问句，can/could用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句，表示惊异、怀疑，一般不用于肯定句。如果用于肯定句，则表示偶尔发生某事的可能，或某人某物一时的特点。,(1)AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?Imnotsure.Imightgototheconcertinstead.(2)WherecanMr.Libe?Sorry，Idontknow.YoucangotoaskMr.Zhang.Hemayhelpyou.(3)Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcanitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?(4)WeenjoygoodweatherinJanuary，butsometimesitcanbeterriblycold.,4must表推测用于肯定句，其否定式要用cant。对现在表示推测：mustdo；cantdo对正在进行的动作表示推测：mustbedoing；cantbedoing对过去表示推测：musthavedone；cant/couldnthavedone(1)Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar，buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.Itcouldnthavebeenacomfortablejourney.(2)Jackcanthavearrivedyet，otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.,(3)Putonmoreclothes，youmustbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.(4)Ididnthearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.5情态动词完成式的意义。can/couldhavedone过去可能做过，过去本来可以做某事但没有做musthavedone过去一定做过mayhavedone可能已经做过，本来可以做但没做,mighthavedone过去可能做过，过去本来可以做但没做cant/couldnthavedone过去不可能做过某事should(not)havedone过去本该(不该)做，但却没做(做了)ought(not)tohavedone过去本该(不该)做，但却没做(做了)neednthavedone过去本来没必要做，但却做了wouldrather(not)havedone宁愿过去做了(没做),注意：musthavedone，mayhavedone，mighthavedone，canthavedone都表推测。其区别在于可能性的大小。musthavedone表很有可能，mayhavedone表有可能，mighthavedone表可能性很小，canthavedone则为“不可能”。(1)ItoldSallyhowtogethere，butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitoutforher.(2)Sorry，Imlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.(3)Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldnthavelefthomewithoutaword.,(4)TomneednthavegotupthatearlysinceitwasSundayandhehadnothingimportanttodo.(5)Iwouldrathernothaveblamedhimbecausehewasachildafterall.6关于should的主要用法。(1)Itsalreadysevenoclock.Jackshouldbehereatanymoment.(should表推测，意为“随时都会来”，“真该来了”。)(2)WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.Theyshouldbereadyby12：00.(should：应该),(3)Youcantimaginethatawellbehavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady.(should表惊异，意为“居然”、“竟然”)(4)Ifheshouldfailtocome，askMr.Zhangtoattendtheceremonyinstead.(should表语气较强的假设，意为“万一”)(5)Weshouldhavestudiedlastnight，butwewenttotheconcertinstead.(shouldhavestudied：我们本该学习的，但却没有学习),7关于shall的用法。shall用于第一人称、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方意见或向对方请示。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。(1)ShallIgoonreadingthetext?我要继续读课文吗？(shall：征求意见)(2)Youshallbepunishedonedayforwhatyouvedone.总有一天你会因你的所作所为受到惩罚的。(shall：威胁，警告)(3)Heshallgetwhathedeserves.Ipromiseit.他会得到他应该得到的，我保证。(shall：允诺),强化训练,单句填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的情态动词或根据提示使用正确形式的情态动词。1(2012全国卷)I_(not)useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixoclockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.,neednt,2(2012陕西卷)I_(not)thankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3(2012重庆卷)_youinterruptnow?CantyouseeImonthephone?SorrySir,butitsurgent.4(2012四川卷)IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”justasI_doinChina.,cant,Must,might,5(2012江西卷)We_(not)haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewontbewithusfordinner.6(2012辽宁卷)Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent_wearschooluniformwhileatschool.7(2012全国卷)ImgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI_findthemoney.8(2012天津卷)Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudont.I_(not)agreemore.Confidenceisreallyimportant.,neednt,shall,can,couldnt,9(2012上海卷)Thenewlawstatesthatpeople_(not)driveafterdrinkingalcohol.10(2012天津卷)Itsquitewarmhere;we_(not)turntheheatingonyet.11(2011湖南卷)Noone_becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.12(2011四川卷)Thepolicestillhaventfoundthelostchild,buttheyredoingallthey_.,mustnt,neednt,can,can,13(2011江西卷)It_(not)bethepostmanatthedoor.Itsonlysixoclock.14(2011浙江卷)Howsyournewb