牛津英语 模块三unit 2 grammar 学案

Module 3 Unit 2语法专练特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句英语中所有用来构成特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词均可用来引导名词性从句，其选择取决于从句句意的需要。It remained unknown who（谁） let out the news.I dont know what（什么）I was thinking of.The problem is where（哪里） we should stay.My question how（怎样）I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.选择特殊疑问词需注意的情况：1要注意特殊疑问词在从句中所担当的句子成分：疑问代词可作主语、宾语和表语，而疑问副词（where, when, why, how）只能作状语。如：I cant imagine who did it. （作主语） I cant imagine how he did it. （作状语）2Who在从句中既能作主语，也能作宾语，而whom只能作宾语。如：It hasnt been decided who will manage the company.They havent decided whom they should help.以关系词引导的名词性从句用关系词引导的名词性从句又可称作名词性关系从句，因为它实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。引导这种名词性从句的关系词有：what(=the thing that), whoever(=anyone who), whichever(=anyone/anything that), where(=the place where), when(=the time when)等。如：What they need is a good rest. I can judge by what I know of him.Whoever did this job must be rewarded. Whichever he likes will be given to him.We shall not forget when the meeting will be held. She walked up to where he stood.用关系词引导名词性从句时需要注意wh-ever与no matter wh-的区别。Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me. =No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.（让步状语从句）He would believe whatever I said. （引导宾语从句）Whichever/No matter which you choose, the others will be offended. Take whichever you like. 这里句中的whichever在不能用no matter what替换用适当的连词填空：1. _ we need money is quite clear. 2. _ the car can be used has not been known yet. 3. _ we cant understand is _he didnt join us in our discussion. 4. The fact _ he is a model teacher is well-known. 5. They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China again. t6. Word came _ his poem won the first prize. 7. Sometimes we are asked _ we think the likely result of an accident will be.8. China is not _ she used to be. 9. Have you any idea _ she did it? 10. That is _ paper came into use in China. 11. It makes no difference _ we will share the office with. 12. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. 13. The fact came up _ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. 14. There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. 15. I have made it clear _ I will never go back there. 16. The people of the party were worried about Janet because no one knew _ she had gone. 17. Some of the scientists held the point _ the book said was right. 18. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _ worries the public. 19. I really wonder _ he has posted me many packages since we worked together. 20. Although Ann is happy with her success she wonders _ will happen to her private life.It作形式主语常见句型动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not.2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honor，a question等，如：Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match. It remains a question whether he will come or not. 3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等， It seemed that he didnt tell the truth. It happened that I was out when he called.5. It + be + 形容词 + for sb.+ 动词不定式这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如：Its necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise 6. It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice, stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：Its very kind of you to help me with the work. =You are kind to help me.7. It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如：It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：Its a waste of time talking to her any more. It is no use arguing about the matter with him.9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.实战演练：1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET 1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever2. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海)A. this B. that C. there D. it3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It 4. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88) A. everyone B. this C. her D. it5. _ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd. A. It B. I C. We D. They6. It is no use his _ there, the situation is hopeless now. A. to go B. to be going C. going D. having gone7. It is never too late to learn, _? A. is it B. isnt it C. does it D. doesnt it8. _ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully. A. As B. What C. It D. That 9. _ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east Chinas Jiangxi Province killed 13 people A. It B. As C. That D. What10. _ certain that his invention will make peoples life convenient. A. Thats B. This is C. Its D. Whats11. _ that there is another football match on the air this evening. A. It says B. It was said C. It is said D. What was said12. _ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroad. A. Its a exciting news B. This is an exciting news C. This is exiting news D. Its exciting news名词性从句综合检测1. _ makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2. Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. whichB. whicheverC. whatD. whatever5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost6. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why7. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that8. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A. thatB. whatC. asD. which9. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. /B. whetherC. howD. what11. Danny left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which12. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday?A. you expect she has gotB. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has gotD. do you expect has she got13. The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A. in whichB. in whatC. from whatD. from which14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; whichC. what; whichD. which; that15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether16. Can you make surethe gold necklace?Awhere Alice had putBwhere did Alice putCwhere Alice has put Dwhere has Alice put17. Go and get your glasses. Itsyou left it.AthereBwhereCthere whereDwhere there18. Do you rememberhe came?Yes, I do. He came by train.AhowBwhenCwhereDthat19. we cant get seems better thanwe have.AWhat, whatBWhat, thatCThat, thatDThat, what20. Mother asked me.Awhat was wrong with me Bwhat