2020春新教材高中英语 Unit 9 LEARNING Section Ⅳ Lesson 3学案 北师大版必修第三册

section lesson 31discussionwhat do you know about your memory?the_answer_is_open.2predictionread the title and look at the pictures on page 58 59 and predict what the text is probably about.the_text_is_mainly_about_the_answers_to_some_of_the_most_common_questions_about_memory.1first readingread the text and answer the following questions.(1)how many questions are mentioned in the text?_four.(2)why are childhood memories are often very emotional?because_when_we_experience_things_for_the_first_time,_we_often_have_strong_feelings_of_fear_or_excitement.(3)when does our memory reach its full power ?_at_the_age_of_25.2second readingread the text carefully and choose the best answer.(1)when remembering something new, try to connect it to _aour knowledgebour experiencecour emotionsdour thoughts(2)who can remember the first 22，514 digits of pi ()?astephen wiltshirebdaniel tammetcjemima gryaznovdhermann ebbinghaus(3) when does the sharpest loss of memory occur?aduring the very early period after learning.bduring the first three days after learning.cduring the first week after learning.dduring the first hour after learning.(4)how many brain cells do we lose by the age of 40? a1，000b100，000c1000，000d10，000答案(1)c(2)b(3)a(4)d3third readingread the text carefully again and fill in the form below.questions about memoryanswerswhy can i remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week？we remember things that have strong connections in our mind, especially emotional_connections. childhood memories are often very emotional. so it is important to connect something new with what we already know. also, we can try to retell_what_we_have_learnt to a few others.do some people really have a photographic memory？a person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later, but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic_memories. so we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn when memorising detailed_learning_materialswhy do i forget the new words that i learnt yesterday？this is natural for many people. the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning. therefore, one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review_the_material_periodically,_especially during the first day after learning.im 16, but i sometimes forget things. is my memory getting worse？definitely not. our memory reaches its full_power at the age of 25. after this age, however, the brain starts to get_smallerby middle age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young. 1thinking and discussing：are there any answers given by jemima gryaznov that are not convincing to you? what are your doubts?_the_answer_is_open.2make a summary of the text using your own words._the_answer_is_open.记忆相关词1sensory memory瞬时记忆，也称感觉记忆2shortterm memory stm短时记忆，也称工作记忆3longterm memory ltm长时记忆4imagination想象5association联想6connection联结7series method串联法8chain method锁链法如何整体理解课文1by understanding the title and the first sentence of the text.2by understanding the first sentence of each paragraph.3by understanding the conclusion of each paragraph.4by understanding the last sentence of the text.5by understanding the structure of the whole text.语言现象感知.单词理解体会句中加黑单词的词性和含义1we remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially emotional connections.adj.情感上的，情绪上的2a person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture , a book or an event many years later.adj.详细准确的；照片的3this means timely review during this period, with a few revisits to what is learnt, can significantly help us remember the information.adj.及时的_n重新考虑4therefore, one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review the material periodically, especially during the first day after learning.v.复习_adv.定期地.词块积累写出下列词块的含义1emotional connections情感联结 2for the first time第一次3as a result结果4a photographic memory过目不忘的记忆5be curious about对感到好奇 6review the material periodically定期复习材料7build stronger memories建立更强的记忆8by the age of 40到40岁时9take it easy别紧张；放松点10make good use of充分利用.句式欣赏1what引导宾语从句it is important to connect it with what we already know.2that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句a person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later, but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories.单词语境记忆根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式1those cells (细胞) divide and give many other different types of cells.2i was approaching a fairly _sharp (急剧的) bend that swept downhill to the left.3a couple of other points about memorisation(记忆) are also very important for language learning.4what memories do you have about your childhood(童年)?5there are so much to learn, so much excitement(兴奋) in this world.6what do you think of this arrangement (arrange)?7we understand the terrible emotional (emotion) stress you have gone through.8therefore, the funding for the park and museum should be increased significantly (significant)9each couple came for an interview about three months before their wedding, and then periodically (periodical ) afterward.10due to your timely (time) help and encouragement, i managed to solve all the problems.短语语境填空根据汉语提示写出适当的短语1all singers kept together.as_a_result(作为结果), their performance was successful.2take_it_easy(放轻松)when you are on the stage.3i remember seeing the ocean for_the_first_time(第一次)4everyone is_curious_about (对感到好奇) you, and everyone wants to get to know new people.5we must make_good_use_of(充分利用)every minute in class.6i can take up_to(多达)four people in my car.句式语境仿写1this is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。仿写这是因为地球的表面是圆的而不是平的。 this_is_because the surface of the earth is not flat but round.2when remembering something new, try to connect it to our emotions.当记忆新事物时，试着把它和我们的情绪联系起来。仿写一看到妈妈，小女孩就丢下玩具向她跑去。when_seeing_her_mother,_the little girl dropped her toy and rushed to her.3it is important to connect it with what we already know.把它与我们已知的联系起来是很重要的。仿写多练习讲英语是非常重要的。its_very_important_to_practice speaking more english.记单词.一言串记多义词the prisoner was locked in a cell.the cancer cell in his body may invade other parts of the body.and he needed to buy a new dry cell.那囚犯被关在单人牢房内。他体内的癌细胞可能会侵入身体的其他部位。并且他需要买一节新的干电池。.词缀助记派生词1形容词后缀：al，lyemotion (n.)emotional (adj.)time (n.)timely (adj.)2名词后缀：tion, hood, mentmemorise (v.)memorisation (n.)child (n.)childhood (n.)excite (v.)excitement (n.)arrange (v.) arrangement (n.)3副词后缀：lysignificant (adj.)significantly (adv.)periodical (adj.)periodically (adv.)句型公式1“ this is because.” 固定句型。2状语从句的省略。3“it isadj.to do sth” 句型。1.arrangement n计划；安排arrange v安排；整理facts and arrangements(教材p58)事实和安排合作探究体会arrangement的用法和意义they are making arrangements for the party.他们在为晚会做准备。ill make arrangements for someone to meet you at the station.我将安排一个人去车站接你。they made an arrangement to meet at the school gate at 3 pm.他们约定下午三点钟在校门口见面。自主发现make arrangements for安排好make arrangements for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事make an arrangement to_do sth 安排做某事,巩固内化完成句子lets make_arrangements_for our trip.让我们为旅行做准备吧。we have finished all_the_arrangements for the party.我们已完成了晚会的所有准备工作。we _made_arrangements_for_her_to be treated by a famous doctor.我们安排好让一位名医来给她治疗。 we could make_an_arrangement_to_meet at 10 oclock.我们可以安排在10点钟见面。2.excitement n兴奋，激动excite v使兴奋；刺激this is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.(教材p58)这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。合作探究体会excitement的用法和意义then why not go to the city for some excitement?那你为什么不搬到城市里找些刺激呢？they jumped up and down in excitement.他们兴奋得跳来跳去。his eyes were wild with excitement.他眼中流露出极度兴奋的神情。自主发现 in excitement兴奋地with excitement 怀着激动的心情巩固内化单句语法填空/完成句子everyone is in a state of great excitement (excite)hearing the news that our team won, we all jumped up with excitement.the boys were running in_excitement男孩们兴奋地跑来跑去。her voice rose higher and higher with_excitement由于兴奋，她的声音越来越高。1.as a result作为结果as a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.(教材p58)结果，我们能更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于集中我们记忆中的经历。短语记牢记牢下列短语as a result of因为；由于；作为的结果result in 导致；造成result from 由引起he got up very late today.as a result, he missed the first bus.他今天起晚了，结果没赶上头班车。he was late as a result of the snow.由于大雪他迟到了。the bad weather resulted in the traffic jam.坏天气导致了交通阻塞。his success resulted from his hard work.努力工作造就了他的成功。 巩固内化单句语法填空/一句多译the train was delayed as_a_result_of_ the heavy rain.由于大雨的缘故，火车晚点了。as_a_result,_we have to water the vegetable garden.因此我们不得不给菜地浇水。普遍认为他是因为过度的劳累而得了癌症。its generally believed that his cancer resulted_from the overfull tiredness.its generally believed that the overfull tiredness resulted_in his cancer.its generally believed that he suffered from cancer as_a_result_of_the overfull tiredness.2.take it easy放轻松so take it easy.(教材p60)所以放轻松。短语记牢记牢下列短语take ones time别着急；慢慢来take sth seriously 重视某事；对某事严肃对待take.for granted 认为理所当然take.as. 把当作take it easy.there must be no problem with that.i believe you can make it.别紧张，肯定没有什么问题的。我相信你一定能成功的。take your time.you have plenty of time to finish it.你可以慢慢来。你有足够的时间完成它。if you take this assignment, take it seriously and read the instructions.如果你接受了这个任务，严肃对待它并阅读说明书。i take it for granted that parents should do everything for us, which is wrong.我想当然地认为父母应该为我们做好一切，其实这是错误的。may she also take you as a very important friend?她也会拿你当很重要的朋友吗？ 巩固内化完成句子take_it_easyyoull feel better soon.放轻松点。你很快就会觉得好点了。 they take_their_jobs_seriously and are praised by their boss.他们对待工作认真，受到老板的表扬。take_your_time. weve got plenty of time.别急，我们有的是时间。 however, when it comes to the waste of one hour, one day, we take_it_for_granted然而，当涉及到一个小时、一天时间的浪费，我们又不以为然了。if possible, id like to take_you_as_an ordinary onlinefriend and not to care about anything of you.如果可以，我愿意选择把你当作一个普通网友，不再关心你的一切。1.this is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.(教材p58)这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。句式解读句中this is because.意为“这是因为”，其中because引导的从句在句中作表语，this有时可用it/that替换，指代上文提到的事实。用法总结其他相关句型(1)this/that is why.这/那就是的原因(2)the reason why.is that.的原因是( why引导定语从句)(3)the reason that/which.is that.的理由是(that/ which引导定语从句)tom was absent from class.that was because he was ill.汤姆没来上课，那是因为他病了。tom was ill.this was why he was absent from class.汤姆病了，这就是他缺课的原因。the reason why tom was absent from class was that he was ill.汤姆没来上课的原因是他生病了。the reason that/which tom made up for being absent from class was that he was ill.汤姆编造的他没来上课的理由是他生病了。,巩固内化单句语法填空lily overslept this morning.that is why she was late for work.he has heart disease.that is because he has been smoking too much.the reason why he was late for the meeting was _that he was held up by a traffic jam during the rush hour. the reason that/which he gave for his being late was that he got up late.2.it is important to connect it with what we already know.(教材p60)把它与我们已知的联系起来是很重要的。句式解读句中it is important to connect.为“it isadj. to do sth” 句型，其中it为形式主语，而不定式短语 to do sth为真正的主语。用法拓展该句型可以拓展为两种形式：(1)it isadj.( for sb) to do sth“(对某人来说)做某事是的”，此句型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的，如difficult，easy, hard, important, necessary, possible等。it is easy for people to catch sight of the flying plane.人们看见飞行中的飞机是很容易的。it is illegal for anyone to drive a car without a license.在没有驾照的情况下，开车是不合法的。(2)it isadj.(of sb) to do sth“(某人)做某事是的”，此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的，如kind, brave, clever, stupid, nice, good, silly, careful, naughty等。it is clever of you to say so！你这样说可真聪明！its very careless of you to always make mistakes.你总是犯错误，真是太粗心了。,巩固内化单句语法填空/完成句子 it is difficult to_persuade (persuade) her to stay.it is nice for me to have breakfast with you.it is very clever of you to work out this question.its_dangerous_for_children_to_swim in the river.对于孩子们来说，在河里游泳很危险。it_is_nice_of_you_to_help him with his english.你帮他补习英语，真是太好了。.课文语法填空we remember things that have strong connections in our mind, especially 1.emotional (emotion) connections.we remember interesting and funny stories from our childhood 2.that_are often told again and again.no one has proved that there are such people who 3.really (real) have photographic memories.but there are some people who do have 4.amazing_(amaze) memories.it is natural for many people 5._to_forget (forget) the new words learnt yesterday.the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after 6.learning (learn)therefore, one of the golden 7.rules (rule) to increase how much we remember is to review the material 8.periodically (periodical), especially during the first day after learning.our memory reaches 9.its (it) full power at the age of 25.after this age, the brain starts to get smaller.by middle age, our memory is significantly 10.worse (bad) than when we were young.根据提示完成课堂小作文汤姆不仅是一位伟大的科学家，而且是一位伟大的数学家。他非常喜欢关于圆周率 (pi) 和数字 (digit) 的数学知识。在业余时间，他会研究直升机(helicopter)飞行时的曲线(curve)。他还记得儿时(childhood)第一次在显微镜下观察细胞(cell)时兴奋(excitement)的情景。在他的一次演讲中，他提到他的父亲是他最感激的人。他爸爸总是对他说：“ 别紧张(take it easy)! 反思 (review) 你的错误，寻找正确的技巧(technique)，一切都会好起来的。” 有一次，他的腿被一块锋利的 (sharp) 石头击中，是他的父亲及时(timely)把他送到医院的。他还定期(periodically )和父亲谈论自己的情感(emotional)问题。当他重讲(retell)这段记忆(memorisation) 时，眼里充满了泪水。多亏了他的父亲，现在他取得了许多重大(significant)成就，出版(publish)了许多书。tom_is_not_only_a_great_scientist，but_also_a_great_mathematician.he_loves_mathematical_knowledge_about_pi_and_digits_so_much.in_his_spare_time，he_would_study_the_curve_of_helicopter_while_flying.he_still_remembered_the_excitement_when_he_observed_the_cells_under_the_microscope_for_the_first_time_in_his_childhood.in_one_of_his_speeches，he_mentioned_that_his_father_was_the_person_he_was_most_grateful_to.his_dad_always_said_to_him_“take_it_easy!_review_your_mistakes_and_look_for_the_right_technique，and_all_is_good.”_once_he_was_hit_in_the_leg_by_a_sharp_stone，and_it_was_his_father_who_sent_him_to_hospital_timely.he_also_periodically_talks_to_his_father_about_his_emotional_problems.his_eyes_were_filled_with_tears_when_he_retold_this_memorisation.thanks_to_his_father,_now_he_has_made_many_significant_achievements_and_published_many_books.主谓一致一、语法一致原则即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数。 即主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。1单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了), except, besides, as well as，rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语， 谓语动词仍用单数。air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。no one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了两个仆人外， 没有一个人迟来用餐。2不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我很大的幸福。when well go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。3用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时， 谓语动词用单数。every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。no teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。4若主语中有more than one 或many a/an, 尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。more than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。5名词如：trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。his clothes are good.他的衣服很好。二、意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。1主语中有all, half, most, the rest等， 以及”分数或百分数名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。the rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60% of the apple was eaten by the little boy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。most of the apples were rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。2表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语时， 尽管是复数形式， 它们作为一个单一的概念时， 其谓语动词用单数。ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一段相当长的距离。3(1)通常作复数的集体名词，包括police , people, cattle 等，其谓语动词常用复数。the british police have only very limited powers.英国警察的权力非常有限。(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等，其谓语动词常用单数。(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等。the committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委员会决定解雇他。4the形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。the injured were saved after the fire.受伤的人在火灾后得救了。三、就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。1由here, there等引导的倒装句中，有时主语不止一个时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。2用连词or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语， 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.学生和老师都不知道这事。he or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。 主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致；意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致；就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。巩固内化11my father, together with some of his old friends, has_been (be) there already.2more than one answer has_been_given (give) to the question.3laying eggs is (be) the ant queen s fulltime job.4each man and woman has (have) the same rights.5my blue trousers are worn out. one pair of trousers_is_not enough.(be)6many a student has_realized (realize) the importance of learning a foreign language. 巩固内化21most of the students a