定语从句专题导学案

定语从句专题导学案开心自测1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest.A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. once grew2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _ many people have gone home.A. that B. which C. whose time D. by which time3. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _ efforts he still suffers.A. which B. that C. whose D. what6. Its said that hes looking for a new job, one _ he can get more money to support his family.A. when B. where C. that D. which7. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.A. which B. that C. whose D. when8. The little time we have together well try _ wisely.A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that9. The old building, behind _ was a famous church, was _ we used to work.A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where10. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go.A. what B. which C. where D. when11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, _ the country became united.A. when B. if C. since D. until12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest.A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew一、定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名次或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl（ ）three boys （ ）a shoe factory（ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( )the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ）the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2. 定语从句的主要特征：（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“.的” 三、定语从句的基本用法：定语从句(I): 由关系代词that, which， who, whose引导的定语从句。定语从句: 修饰名词或代词，在句子中充当定语成分的从句。先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词。关系代词: 引导定语从句的词，如that, which， who, whom， whose等，它们指代先行词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。定语从句的三个步骤：第一，找出先行词；第二，看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（作主语、宾语、定语或状语）；第三，选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。一、关系代词that, which，who, whose引导定语从句的基本用法：1that, who（在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人）, whom三者都可指代人，在定语从句中，that作主语或宾语；who作主语，也能作宾语；whom只能作宾语，作宾语的关系代词可以省略。e.g. He is the teacher that/who teaches us English.He is the teacher (that/who/whom) we want to visit.2that, which指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时也可以省略。e.g. He has many books that/which are very interesting.3. whose只用作定语, 可指代人和物。若指物，它还可以与of which互换。e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.=Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.二、下面几种情况下必须用that，而不用which引导定语从句：(1) 先行词为不定代词，如all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。如：1.We should do all that is useful to the people .(2) 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。如：(3) 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。如：1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. (4) 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：1.This is the best that can be done now. (5) 先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . (6) 被修饰词为数词时. 如：1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .(7) 如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。如：1.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(8) 疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。如：1. Which is the book that you like best?三定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:(1) 当关系代词的前面有介词时. 如：1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?(2) 在非限制性定语从句中. 如：1.Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)(3) 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which . 如：1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.(4) 当关系代词后面带有插入语时. 如：1. Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.(5) 先行词本身是that, 宜用which . 如：Whats that which she is looking at?四who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that (1) 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well. (2) 在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you . (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.(4) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个则宜用who, 以免重复. 如：1. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .五as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：(1) 位置的不同：which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的 句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man.(2) 先行词的不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。1. He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.（先行词是一个短语） He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）2. He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.(3) as 一般译为正如就像，这一点as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at which代替。 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/at which代替。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用for which来代替。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为的字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）限制性定语从句举例：China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。非限制性定语从句举例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked.我们将去听那位This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy_I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。注意： 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。（四）当先行词被one of修饰时，若one of前有the only，则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有only的话则用复数。 He is one of the students who _ never late. 译成汉语：_ He is the only one of the students who _ never late. 译成汉语：_（五）先行词是时间却不用when引导，先行词是地点却不用where引导，先行词是原因却不用why引导。用that或which引导I will never forget the days _ we climbed the mountain together.I will never forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live.We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live in.This is the reason _ he was unhappy. This is the reason _ he explained to me.（六）当先行词被such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。（七）以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way _he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I dont like the way_ you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。【专题综合】1The town _ we visited last month is the one _ the famous painter was born.Awhere; which Bwhich; where Cwhich; that Dwhere; where2We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, _, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.A. that B. which C. where D. when3.We hope that the measures to control the stock market, _ are taken by the government, will work.A. that B. where C. which D. what4Many factors influence a student in his/her study, _ I think are out of a teachers control.A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that5 Obama won the election. Its amazing! Yes. But the result was within _ we had expected, _ brought great joy to many young people and the black.A. that; which B. that; that C. what; what D. what; which6Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. which C. while D. why7.It was in the factory _ his friend worked _ he picked up a lot of experience.A. where, where B. that, where C. that, that D. where, that8Today the public is much concerned about the way _ .Anature is being ruined Bwhich nature is ruinedCon which to ruin nature Dof nature to be ruined9Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world.A. where B. when C. that D. what10Is it the years _ you worked in Africa as a doctor _ have a great effect on your literary works?A. that; where B. that; that C. when; where D. when; that11. Was it in the waiting room _ only allows mothers-to-be to enter that you lost your wallet?A. / B. where C. that D. when12 Obama, _ life was once hard when he was young, were elected President of American.A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. /13 _ has been announced, our government will take more