letter to a b student 课件.ppt

A,1,questionWhatisthewritersviewconcerningsociallabels?Sociallabelsare,ontheonehand,irrelevantandmisleading,andontheotherhand,necessaryinacomplexsociety.,A,2,para.9Perspective.Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy,sufferingandachievement.Warfare,sickness,disasters,publicandprivatethesearethelargercoordinatesoflife.Torecognizethemistorecognizethatsociallabelsarebasicallyirrelevantandmisleading.Itistruethattheselabelsarenecessaryinthefunctioningofacomplexsocietyasawayoflettingusknowwhoshouldbetrustedtodowhat,withtheresultthatweneedtomakedistinctionsonthebasisofgrades,degrees,rank,andresponsibility.Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyinhumanterms,eitherinthewaywelookatothersorinthewaywelookatourselves.,A,3,hew(hewed;hewn或hewed)v.1)tomakeorshapesth.largebycutting砍成，劈成2)Toadhereorconformstrictly;hold坚持或严格地遵守e.g.Roughlyhewntimberframes粗劈成的木架子Collocation:hewer砍伐者，采煤工人Derivation：hewto(=stickto)坚持，坚守e.g.WeshouldhewtothePartysline.我们应该坚持党的路线。hewsth.across/throughe.g.Theyhewedapaththroughthejungle.hewsth.away/offe.g.hewofdeadbrancheshewsth.oute.g.hewoutacareerforoneself,A,4,knit(knited,knit;knitting)v.tojoinclosely;unitesecurely编织，针织，机织，使紧密相连；牢固地联结e.g.Shesknittingherselfasweater.她正在给自己织毛线衫。knitstockingsoutofwool用毛线织袜knitbrickstogether砌砖knitonesbrows皱眉Antonym：unknitDerivation：knitinto(v.+prep.)把织成knittogether紧密地连接knitup修复词义辨析knit,weave这两个动词均有编织之意。knit指用织针把毛线等编织成衣物等。weave指用机器或手工编织物品。,A,5,Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy,sufferingandachievement.Paraphrase：Itisimportanttoseethefactthatalthoughtheydifferintheirclassstatusandeducationalbackground,humanbeingsareessentiallythesame.Biologicallytheyareconstructedinthesameway,andtheysharethecommonfeelingsoffearandjoyandthecommonexperienceofsufferingandachieving.Thiscommonalityhasboundthemtogether.Translation：尽管社会阶层和教育背景相同，但是人们都由相同的物质构成，都有同样的恐惧感和欢愉感，同样的痛苦感和成就感，这些共通的感受把他们连为一体；认识到这一点十分重要。,A,6,3.coordinatev.cause(differentparts,limbs,etc)tofunctiontogetherefficiently使（各部分肢体等）协调,协同动作e.g.Wemustcoordinateoureffortstohelpthefloodvictims.我们应该同心协力以援助遭水灾的灾民.n.坐标；同等的人物；配套服装adj.同等的；等位的；（大学）男女分院制的Derivation：sth(withsth)Collocation:coordinationn.协调;协同动作;协调自己动作的能力e.g.theperfectcoordinationofhandandeyehavegood/poorcoordinationcoordinatorn.协调人，统筹者，同等的人（或东西）coordinativeadj.同等的;同位的coordinatelyadv.,A,7,labeln.标签；绰号；唱片公司v.贴标签于；（尤指不公正地）把.称为e.g.Thebottleislabeledpoison.词义辨析label,tag这两个名词均含“标签”之意。label指上面标明货主姓名、地址及货物名称、重量、尺寸等内容的标签。tag多指临时系上的标签。,A,8,irrelevantadj.notimportanttoorconnectedwithasituation无关紧要的，不相关的e.g.Thatevidenceisirrelevanttothecase.Totally/completely/largelyirrelevantIrrelevantremarks不相关的言论Collocation:irrelevancen.irrelevantlyadv.,A,9,comcomplexadj.1)复杂的，难懂的，费解的2)复合的n.1)建筑群2)不正常的精神状态，情结（对某事）不正常的忧虑Collocation:plexlyadv.词义辨析：complex，complicated，sophisticated，intricatecomplex侧重内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。complicated与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。sophisticated侧重指事物发展到或达到高级的程度所体现的复杂。intricate着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑理解。,A,10,para.10Eveninachievementterms,yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson.ImwellawarethatBstudentstendtogetBsinthecoursestheytakelateron,justasAstudentstendtogetAs.Butacademicworkisanarrow,neatlydefinedhighwaycomparedtotheunmappedrollingcountryyouwillencounterafteryouleaveschool.Whatyouhavelearnedmayhelpyoufindyourwayaboutatfirst;lateronyouwillhavetoshifttoyourself,locatinggoalsandopportunitiesinthesamefogthathampersusallaswemovetowardthefuture.,A,11,permanentlyadv.永久地e.g.ShehaddecidedtosettleinFrance.Collocation:permanentadj.永久的，永恒的，长久的e.g.Theyarenowlivingtogetheronapermanentbasis.Derivation：Apermanentjob固定工作Permanentstaff固定职工,A,12,neatlyadv.整洁地，熟练地e.g.Sailorsknowhowtowindupalongropeneatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。Dothingsneatly,notsloppily.办事要利落，不要拖泥带水。Collocation:neatadj.neatnessn.,A,13,Butacademicworkisanarrow,neatlydefinedhighwaycomparedtotheunmappedrollingcountryyouwillencounterafteryouleaveschool.Translation：然而和你们毕业离校之后将要进入的那片荒蛮无路、起伏跌宕的乡野相比，学术学习就如同一条狭窄坦直、界限分明的高速公路。,A,14,fogn.雾，烟雾，尘雾，迷惑vt.使模糊，使困惑，以雾笼罩vi.被雾笼罩，变模糊无法显示Derivation：inafog困惑的densefog浓雾heavyfog浓雾，重雾thickfog浓雾，大雾waterfog水雾，水态雾icefog冰雾,A,15,hamperv.topreventsb.fromeasilydoingorachievingsth.妨碍，阻碍，阻止e.g.Ourprogresswashamperedbythebadweather.我们前进时受到了恶劣天气的阻碍。n.1）带盖大篮子（尤指用于盛食物的）Apanichamper2）盒装食物，袋装食物（作为礼品的）AChristmashamper3）盛脏衣服的大篮子词义辨析：block,bar,hinder,obstruct,prev