已阅读5页,还剩13页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
Theoriginandmeaningofmetafunction,Metafunction(纯理功能or元功能),韩礼德(MichaelHalliday)TheLondonschool:atraditionoflayingstressonthefunctionsoflanguageandattachinggreatimportancetocontextsofsituationandthesystemaspectoflanguage.,Systemic-functionalGrammar(系统功能语法),Thetermmetafunctionoriginatesinsystemicfunctionallinguisticsandisconsideredtobeapropertyofalllanguages.AccordingtoHalliday,thoughlanguagesvaryinhowandwhattheydo,andwhathumansdowiththeminthecontextsofhumanculturalpractice,alllanguagesareconsideredtobeshapedandorganisedinrelationtothreefunctions,ormetafunctions.纯理功能思想是系统功能语法核心思想之一韩礼德认为语言的性质决定人们对语言的要求,在语言所必须完成的众多功能中,尽管这些功能千变万化,我们可以把它们归纳为若干个有限的最为抽象,最具概括性的功能,即纯理功能(元功能)它们是语言所固有的,具有语言的普遍特征。,HallidayssystemicGrammarcontainsafunctionalcomponent,thatis,theinterpretationofgrammaticalpatternsintermsofconfigurationsoffunctions.Sinceheseesthesefunctionsasparticularlyrelevanttoteanalysisoftext(bywhichhemeanseverythingthatissaidorwritten),Hallidaydefinesafunctionalgrammarasessentiallyanaturegrammar,inthesensethateverythinginitcanbeexplained,ultimately,byreferencetohowlanguageisused.Hallidaybelievesthatlanguageiswhatitisbecauseithastoservecertainfunctions.Inotherwords,socialdemandonlanguagehashelpedtoshapeitsstucture.Heinterpretslanguagefromafunctionalpointofviewandformulatesafunctonaltheoryoflanguage.,Origin,Hallidayviewslanguagedevelopmentinchildrenasthemasteryoflinguisticfunction,andlearningalanguageislearninfhowtomean.Soheproposessevenfunctionsinchildrensmodeloflanguage:(1)theinstrumentalfunction(工具功能);(2)theregulatoryfunction(控制功能);(3)theinteractionalfunction(交互功能);(4)thepersonalfunction(自指性功能);(5)theheuristicfunction(探索功能);(6)theimaginativefunction(想象功能);(7)theinformativefunction(信息功能).,AccordingtoHalliday,theadultslanguagebecomesmuchmorecomplexandithastoservemanymorefunctions,andtheoriginalfunctionalrangeofthechildslanguageisgraduallyreducedtoasetofhighlycodedandabstractfunctions,whicharemetafunctions:thetheideational,interpersonal,andtextualfunctions.Theideationalfunctionisfurtherdividedintotheexperientialandlogical.从16个半月开始,幼儿语言开始向成人语言转化。在这个时期,幼儿开始运用成人语言中的词汇和语法。他们的语言功能也更为抽象和复杂。由于成人的语言更为复杂而且要完成很多功能,因此幼儿语言最初的功能范围逐渐缩小为一组高度字符化并且抽象的功能,,即元功能。,Metafunctionsaresystemicclusters;thatis,theyaregroupsofsemanticsystemsthatmakemeaningsofarelatedkind.Hallidayarguesthattheconceptofmetafunctionisoneofasmallsetofprinciplesthatarenecessarytoexplainhowlanguageworks;thisconceptoffunctioninlanguageisnecessarytoexplaintheorganisationofthesemanticsystemoflanguage.,Meaning,Thethreemetafunctionsaremappedontothestructureoftheclause.Forthisreason,systemiclinguistsanalyseaclausefromthreeperspectives.Thesemetafunctionsappearsatanewlevelinthelinguisticsystem,takingtheformofgrammar.Thegrammaticalsystem,asitwere,afunctionalinputandastructuarloutput;itprovidesthemachanismfordifferentfunctionstobecombinedinoneutteranceinthewaytheadultrequires.InSFL,themetafunctionsoperatesimultaneously,andanyutteranceisaharmonyofchoicesacrossallthreefunctions.,Metafunction纯理功能,Ideationalfunction(概念功能),Interpersonalfunction(人际功能),experientialfunction(经验功能),Textualfunction(语篇功能),logicalfunction(逻辑功能),Ideationalfunction概念功能Theideationalfunctionistoconveynewinformation,tocommunicateacontentthatisunknowntothehearer.Presentinalllanguageuses,theideationalfunctionisameaningpotential,becausewhateverspecifcuseoneismakingoflanguagehehastorefertocategoriesofhisexperienceoftheworld.Itincludestheexperientialfunctionandthelogicalfunction.,Theideationalfunctionmainlyconsistsoftransitivity(及物性系统)andvoice(语态).Thisfunctionnotonlyspecifiestheavailableoptionsinmeaningbutalsodeterminesthenatureoftheirstructuralrealisations.Forexample,Johnbuiltanewhousecanbeanalysedasaconfigurationofthefunctionroles:Actor:JohnProcess:Material:Creation:builtGoal:Affected:anewhouse,Experientialfunction经验功能Theexperientialfunctionreferstothegrammaticalchoicesthatenablespeakerstomakemeaningsabouttheworldaroundusandinsideus:经验功能指的是语言对人们在现实世界(包括内心世界)中的各种经历的表达。换言之,就是反映客观世界中所发生的事、所牵涉的人和物以及与之有关的时间、地点等环境因素。Logicalfunction逻辑功能Hallidaydescribesthelogicalfunctionasthosesystems“whichsetuplogicalsemanticrelationshipsbetweenoneclausalunitandanother”指的是是语言对两个或两个以上的意义单位之间逻辑关系的表达。,Interpersonalfunction(人际功能)TheInterpersonalfunctionembodiesallusesoflanguagetoexpresssocialandpersonalrelations.Thisincludesthevariouswaysthespeakerentersaspeechsituationandperformsaspeechact.Becausctheclauseisnotconfinedtotheexpressionoftransitivity,therearenon一ideationalelementsintheadultlanguagesystem.人际功能是指语言具有表达说话者身份、地位、态度、动机和对事物的判断、参加社会活动、建立社会关系等功能。,InterpersonalfunctionisrealisedbyMOOD(语气)andMODALITY(情态).Moodshowswhatrolethespeakerselectsinthespeechsituationandwhatroleheassignstotheaddressee.Ifthespeakerselectstheimperativemood,heassumestheroleofonegivingcommandsandputstheaddresseeintheroleofoneexpectedtoobeyorders.Modalityspecifiesifthespeakerisexpressinghisjudgementormakingaprediction.Forexample,Givemethatteapot!,Moodismadeupoftwoparts:theSubject,andtheFinite,element.Thesubjectcanbeanoun,anounphrase,oraclause.Eg.Toarguewiththecaptainisaskingfortrouble.Ignoringtheproblemwillnotmakeyourworkeasier.Finiteelementsaretensemorphemes,auxiliaryverbsandmodalverbsthatexpresstenseormodality,andtheyarepartoftheverbphrase.Intheaboveexamples,isandwillarefniteelements.,Textualfunction(语篇功能)Hallidayarguesthatbothexperientialandinterpersonalfunctionsareintricatelyorganized,butthatbetweenthetwo“thereiscomparativelyverylittleconstraint”.Thismeansthat“byandlarge,youcanputanyinteractionalspinonanyrepresentationalcontent”.Whatallowsmeaningsfromthesetwomodestofreelycombineis
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 期中课外阅读专项突破卷 人教部编版六年级语文上册(含答案)
- 建筑工程施工月报
- 2024年无锡客运从业资格证试题
- 岭南版七年级美术下册全册教案
- 2024年宜昌办理客运从业资格证模拟考试
- 2024年淄博客运从业资格证试题答案
- 2024年铜陵客运资格证题库及答案
- 建筑工程主要施工工艺与方法 (一)
- 2024年辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区招聘25人历年高频500题难、易错点模拟试题附带答案详解
- 2024年辽宁省朝阳凌源市公益性岗位招聘64人历年高频500题难、易错点模拟试题附带答案详解
- 临时用电安全管理规定
- 英国签证房产证翻译模板
- 全国中学生数学能力竞赛组织委员会
- 提高大体积混凝土裂缝控制技术——QC成果
- 静脉输液-氯化钾外渗案例ppt课件
- 全国高中数学联赛分类汇编专题01不等式
- 12.3.1角的平分线的性质导学案.3.1角的平分线的性质导学案
- 质量目标、质量保证体系
- JJF 1915-2021 倾角仪校准规范_(高清正版)
- 从小事做起-以德律己主题班会课件
- 员工培训的社会调查报告
评论
0/150
提交评论