英语中数量大小及增减的表示法和译法

1,英语中数量大小及增减的表示法和译法,数量大小的表示法,morethan100,over100lessthan100,under100,below100,一百多，一百以上,不到一百，一百以下，一百来,2,数量大小的表示法,50moretenmoredays,再（加）50,再十天,先加25克盐于水中，然后再加50克盐。,Firstadd25gramsofsalttothewater,thenadd50moregramsofsalttoit.,3,amileormorealiterorlessalongmiletwentyodd,twentyandodd,twenty-odd,数量大小的表示法,一英里或一英里多些,一升或不到一升,一英里还多,二十多，二十有余，不到三十,4,as+adj.+as+numeral结构的译法,aslargeasasmany（much）asashighasasheavyasaslowas,大到（至）,多达,高达,重达,低到（至）,5,太阳中心的温度高达摄氏一千万度。,冬天，中国最北部的温度可低到零下45。,Thetemperatureatthesunscenterisashighas10,000,000.,InwinterthetemperatureattheverynorthofChinamaybeaslowas-45.,6,分数和百分数增减译法,Inconventionalthermo-powerplants,theoverallefficiencyisratherlow,about30%;inotherwords,morethan2/3oftheenergyiswasted.,在常规的热发电站里，总效率相当低，大约为30%；换句话说，三分之二以上的能量被浪费了。,7,v+by+x%和v+to+x%的结构,成本减少到30%,成本减少了1/3,Thecostwasreducedto30%.,Thecostiscutdownbyonethird.,Thepresswillbereducedtoone-fourthofitsoriginalvalue.,压力将减小到原来数值的1/4。,Thebandwidthwasreducedbytwo-thirds.,频带宽度减少了三分之二。,8,Intel,thelargestsemiconductordevicemanufacturerandsupplierofpersonalcomputersiliconchipsandmicroprocessorsintheworld,thisyearhasproduced250%thenumberofpersonalcomputersin1997.,英特尔，世界上最大的半导体器件生产厂家和个人计算机芯片和微处理器的供应者，今年生产的个人计算机是1997年的250%（或2.5倍）。,硅片,9,倍数N+比较级+than/as/of,Thissortofmembraneistwicethinnerthanordinarypaper.,Membrane:薄膜,这种薄膜比普通纸张薄2倍。,这种薄膜的厚度是普通纸张的一半。,10,该机器的售价比去年涨了1000美金。,Thepriceofthismachineisathousanddollarsmorethanlastyear.,Thisbookisthreetimesaslongas（threetimeslongerthan/threetimesthelengthof）thatone.,这本书的长度是那本书的三倍。,11,前者是后者的N分之一,倍数N+as+形容词/副词+as,Thehydrogenatomisnearly16timesaslightastheoxygenatom.,氢原子的重量是氧原子的16分之1.,12,表示减少的v.+bythefactorof+N,减少到原来的N分之一，即减少了（N-1）/N,Theresistanceisreducedbyafactorof5.,电阻值减少到原来的1/5.,13,N-folddecrease/reduction,减少到原来的N分之一,Theprincipaladvantageovertheold-fashionedmachineisafour-foldreductioninweight.,相对于老式机器，主要优点是重量减轻了3/4.,14,英语中有些词表示特定的倍数again(一倍)twice,double(两倍)triple(三倍)fourfold(四倍)等数。,15,MyAuntisasoldagainasIam.我姑姑的年龄比我大一倍。Thetop-brandclothesareoftensoldasdoublethenormalpricehere.名牌服装的售价通常比正常的售价高一倍。Thenewworkproceduretripledtheoutput.新工艺使产量增加两倍。,16,英语中数量增加的表示法,表示增加的词汇,increase,rise,exceed,growraise,expand,goup,17,表示增加的动词+to+数字/倍数N,Themembersoftheassociationhaveincreasedto1500.,该协会的会员数量增加到了1500人。,Withtheresultofautomationtheproductivityhasrisentosixty-sixfoldinthatfactory.,由于自动化的结果，那家工厂的产量上升到了原产量的66倍。,18,表示增加的动词+倍数N,Thetotalvolumeofstatepurchaseinthefirstquarterroseby5.2percent,comparedwiththesameperiodoflastyear.与去年同期相比，国家第一季度的总收购量上升了5.2个百分点。,19,数词组成的常用短语,byhundredsbythousandsby(the)millionsbyhalves,数以百计数以千计；大量数以百万计不完全,20,hundredsof数百；数以百计thousandsof数千；数以千计hundredsofthousandsof几十万；无数的thousandsuponthousands万千上万millionsuponmillionsof千百万athousandandone无数的ahundredandone许多tensof,decadesof数十个dozensof几打；几十个billionsof几十亿,21,tentoone十之八九ninecasesoutoften十之八九ninetenths十之八九；几乎全部fifty-fifty各半的；对半的；平均byonehundredpercent百分之百的；全部alonghundred一百多；一百二十afewtenthsof十分之几；有几成bytwosandthrees三三两两byonesortwos三三两两；零零落落,22,intwotwos转眼；立即atsixesandsevens乱七八糟oneortwo少许；几个twentyandtwenty三分之二，2/3firstofall首先secondtonone首屈一指lastbutone倒数第二adecadeof十个，10ascoreof二十，20adozenof一打，12个,23,Thousandsofpeopleattendedthemeeting.数千人参加了会议。Tentooneshehasforgottenit.十有八九她把这件事给忘了。Hernamerankslastbutoneonthelist.她的名字在名单上排在倒数第二。Inafewminutesthestudentsbegantocomeinbytwosandthrees.几分钟之后，学生们三三两两地走了进来。,24,练习,100morealongsquaremeterfiftyandodd,再加100,一平方米还多,50多不到60,25,Thecometdashestowardthemoonataspeedasfastas60kilometerspersecond.,彗星以高达每秒60千米的速度向月球冲去。,comet:彗星,26,Somelayersbetweenthethirdandlastlayersofanatomcontainasmanyas32electrons.,原子内部介于第三层和最后一层之间一些电子层甚至含有32个电子.,原子,27,Thesubstancereactsfourtimesslowerthantheotherone.,这种物质的反应速度是另一种物质的1/4.,Theeducationbudgetof1963was30timesassmallasthatof2006.,1963年的教育预算是2006年的1/30.,28,Theequipmentunderdevelopmentwillreduceerrorprobabilitythreetimes.,正在研制的设备能够将误差概率减小到1/3.,Thebandwidthwasreducedbytwothirds.,带宽减少了2/3.,29,Thestrengthofthecurrentissteppeddownbytentimes.,stepdown:减低的,尤指降低电压等的；辞职,电流强度减弱到1/10.电流强度降低了9/10.,30,Theenterprisemanagementexpenditurethisyearhasdecreasedbythreetimesasagainstthatof2002.该企业今年的管理支出比2002年减少了2/3.Theisreducedbyafactoroffour.电阻减少了3/4.,resistance,电阻,31,Theproductionofintegratedcircuitshasbeenincreasedtothreetimesascomparedwithlastyear.集成电路的产量是去年的3倍。Anordinarysubwaytrain,approachingthestation,canbetwiceasloudastheloudestjet.快要进站的地铁发出的声音甚至是噪声最大的喷气式飞机的两倍。,32,Kuwaitoilwellsyieldnearly500timesmorethanU.S.wells.,科威特油井的产油量是美国油井产油量的500倍。,33,Inwatersoundtravelsnearlyfivetimesasfastasinair.,声音在水中的传播速度大致是在空气中的速度的5倍。,海水中的声速是1500米/秒，15摄氏度空气中，声速340m/s.,Thegrainoutputofthisyearisaboutthreetimesasgreatasthatoflastyear.,今年粮食的产量大约是去年的3倍。,34,如果原电荷的距离缩短一半，则吸引力或吃力就增加3倍。（增加到原来的4倍）,Thestrengthoftheattractionorrepulsionincreasedby4timesifthedistancebetweentheoriginalchargesishalved.,TheerrorprobabilityofbinaryAMisgreaterthanofbinaryFMbyafactorofatleast6.,二进制调幅的误差概率至少是二进制调频的6倍。,35,Theresistanceofaluminumisapproximatelyhalfagainasgreatasthatofcopperforthesamedimensions.,当尺寸相同时，铝的电阻值是铜的1.5倍。,Wheneverwetrebletheforceonagivenobject,wetrebletheacceleration.,当作用在物体上的力增加两倍，物体的加速度也相应的增加两倍。,36,本科生：undergraduate大学一年级新生：freshman大二学生：sophomore大三学生：junior大四学生：senior学士学位：Bachelor研究生：postgraduate硕士学位：Master博士学位：Doctor,37,TropicalBiodiversityCanThankSteadyTemps热带生物多样性应该感谢衡稳高温,38,Whentodaysbiodiversitywastakingshapemillionsofyearsago,seasonsasweknowthemdidntreallyexist.Sotemperaturesallovertheplanetweremuchmoreconsistentthantheyaretoday,eveninregionswherethetempswerelow.现今的生物多样性是在数百万年前就已开始形成了，我们所知的四季当时还并不存在。因此，地球这整个星球的温度都比现在更加始终如一，即使在低温地区也一样。,39,ResearcherslookedatinsectdiversitytodayatthetemperateHarvardForestinMassachusetts,intropicalCostaRicaandinthe53-million-yea